iecc 2009 training
TRANSCRIPT
The Energy Code WorkshopProfessionals: Architects, Engineers, DesignersCommercial Provisions of the 2009 IECC
International Energy Conservation Code
ASHRAE Standard 90.1
State and Locally Adopted Codes
Building Energy Codes
Energy Codes & Standards History of U.S. Commercial Energy Code
Baseline: IECC and ASHRAE 90.1
Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, ASHRAE 90.1 likely used
Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, either used to comply
IECC applies
Codes and Architecture
Increased insulation levels and efficient windows coupled with an efficient lighting system will reduce the heat loss from the building and heat gain from the lighting system.
Building Envelope
The energy code specifies the insulation levels in the floor, ceiling, and walls and requirements intended to seal the building against air leakage and moisture migration.
Heating, ventilating, and cooling
Energy codes providecriteria for the size and efficiency of HVAC systems and equipment.
Lighting and Electrical
The energy codes provideminimum criteria to supportefficient, effective lighting—and in commercial spaces—lighting controls.
Water Heating
Energy codes provideminimum criteria toeffectively heat anddeliver hot water.
Compliance…
Energy Code Enforcement and Compliance
Enforcement, or making sure that a building is in compliancewith an energy code, is the last step in the building process.
Structure of IECC
Chapter 1 AdministrativeChapter 2 DefinitionsChapter 3 Climate ZonesChapter 4 Residential Energy EfficiencyChapter 5 Commercial Energy EfficiencyChapter 6 Referenced Standards
Scope: IECC covers one- and two-family
residences ≤ 3 stories
All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial”
Includes additions, alterations, renovations and repairs
101.4
AdministrativeScope
Existing buildings (Section 101.4.1)– Electrical power, lighting, and mechanical systems still
apply Buildings designated as historic (Section 101.4.2)
AdministrativeExempted Buildings
101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2
Very low energy use buildings (<3.4 Btu/h-ft2 or 1 watt/ft2) (Section 101.5.2)
Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled (Section 101.5.2)
AdministrativeExempted Buildings
101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2
Code applies to any new construction
Unaltered portion(s) do not need to comply
Additions can comply alone or in combination with existing building
AdministrativeAdditions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs
101.4
Treat as a stand-alone “building” Additions must meet the prescriptive
requirements
AdministrativeAdditions
101.4.3
Conditioned Addition
ExistingBuilding
Treat Addition As Stand Alone
Building
Conditioned Addition
ExistingBuilding
Treat Addition As Stand Alone
Building
Conditioned Addition
ExistingBuilding
Demonstrate Compliance for Entire Building
Conditioned Addition
ExistingBuilding
Demonstrate Compliance for Entire Building
Exceptions Storm windows over existing fenestration Glass-only replacements Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities if already filled with insulation Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity isn’t exposed Reroofing for roofs where neither sheathing nor insulation exposed
– Insulate above or below the sheathing• Roofs without insulation in the cavity• Sheathing or insulation is exposed
Lighting alterations if:– <50% of luminaries in a space are replaced– Only bulbs and ballasts within existing luminaries are replaced (provided installed
interior lighting power isn’t increased)
Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space is required to be brought into full compliance with code.
AdministrativeAdditions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs
101.4.3
Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code
AdministrativeSpace Conditioning
101.4.5
AdministrativeMixed Use Buildings
101.4.6
Are These Projects Considered Residential or Commercial?
Treat the residential occupancy under the applicable residential code
Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code
AdministrativeMixed Use Buildings
101.4.6
Structure of IECC
Chapter 1 AdministrativeChapter 2 DefinitionsChapter 3 Climate ZonesChapter 4 Residential Energy EfficiencyChapter 5 Commercial Energy EfficiencyChapter 6 Referenced Standards
Definitions Examples
• Air barrier – Materials “assembled and joined together”, a single material or combination of materials, i.e. sealants, acting as a system.
• Basement wall – “…enclosing conditioned space.” If unconditioned, is classified as a crawl space.
• Fenestration – includes skylights & doors.• U-value/R-value – Reciprocal values between transmittance and
resistance. Note that U-value includes air films. U-value is calculated through a “component or assembly”, and R-value through a “body”. 402.1.2 (components) and 402.1.3 (assembly) make the difference more clear. C-factor is very similar to U-value (surface to surface instead of air to air) and is used in SHGC calculations.
• F-factor – The perimeter heat loss factor for slab on grade floors (BTU/hft°F). Residential (building) –
Definitions Examples
• High-efficacy lamps – minimum lumens/watt requirement • Labeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC• IECC – For this code, includes R-3 buildings, as well as R-2
and R-4 buildings three stories or less in height above grade• Labeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC • ASHRAE 90.1 – Spaces in buildings used primarily for living
and sleeping. Residential spaces include, but are not limited to, dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, dormitories, nursing homes, patient rooms in hospitals, lodging houses, fraternity/sorority houses, hostels, prisons, and fire stations
Structure of IECC
Chapter 1 AdministrativeChapter 2 DefinitionsChapter 3 Climate ZonesChapter 4 Residential Energy EfficiencyChapter 5 Commercial Energy EfficiencyChapter 6 Referenced Standards
General Requirements Climate Zones
Figure 301.1
CDD50°F – Interior base temperature = 50°F for CDD HDD65°F – Interior base temperature = 65°F for HDD
General Requirements Climate Zones
Table 301.3(2)
General Requirements Arizona Climate Zones
Fenestration product rating in accordance to NFRC 100
Labeled and certified by the manufacturer
Non-NFRC 100 rated fenestration
Use Default Glazed Fenestration U-factor Table
How Do You Meet the Requirement?
Additional Provisions: Fenestration U-Factor
303.1.3, Tables 303.1.3(1) and (2)
TABLE 303.1.3(1)DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION U-FACTOR
TABLE 303.1.3(2)DEFAULT DOOR U-FACTORS
Additional Provisions: Default U-Factors
Tables 303.1.3(1) and (2)
Commercial Structure of IECC
Chapter 1 AdministrativeChapter 2 DefinitionsChapter 3 Climate ZonesChapter 4 Residential Energy EfficiencyChapter 5 Commercial Energy EfficiencyChapter 6 Referenced Standards
Definitions• Building Thermal Envelope – The basement walls, exterior
walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.
• Conditioned space – An area or room within a building being heated or cooled, containing uninsulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into an adjacent conditioned space.
• Thermal isolation – Physical and space conditioning separation from conditioned space(s). The conditioned spaces shall be controlled as separate zones for heating and cooled or conditioned by separate equipment.
Commercial Code Comparison: IECC 2003, 2006, 2009, & ASHRAE 90.1 2007
Mesa, AZ: Climate Zone 2B
Commercial Code Comparison: IECC 2003, 2006, 2009, & ASHRAE 90.1 2007
Mesa, AZ: Climate Zone 2B
Commercial Code Comparison: IECC 2003, 2006, 2009, & ASHRAE 90.1 2007
Mesa, AZ: Climate Zone 2B
Commercial Code Comparison: IECC 2003, 2006, 2009, & ASHRAE 90.1 2007
Mesa, AZ: Climate Zone 2B
Commercial Code Comparison: IECC 2003, 2006, 2009, & ASHRAE 90.1 2007
Mesa, AZ: Climate Zone 2B
Commercial Compliance Process
Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path
Must the Project Comply with the
IECC?
Comply with the Envelope
Requirements
Comply with the Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Comply with the Lighting
Requirements
Section 502 90.1 Section 5 Sections 503 and 504 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
Document Compliance with
the IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
Commercial Compliance Process: Envelope Requirements
Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path
Must the Project Comply with the
IECC?
Comply with the Envelope
Requirements
Comply with the Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Comply with the Lighting
Requirements
Section 502 90.1 Section 5 Sections 503 and 504 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
Document Compliance with
the IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
CommercialCompliance
What are my Options for Complying with the IECC?Chapter 5 of the IECC General Prescriptive Approach
Use for ≤ 40% of gross wall area in vertical fenestration
Use for ≤ 3% of gross roof area in skylights
ORSection 506 Total Building Performance Approach
502 & 506
Commercial Thermal Envelope
Roof/Ceiling Assembly
Wall Assembly Vertical Fenestration
and Skylights
Floor Assembly Slab Edge Below Grade Wall
Assembly
Commercial Thermal Envelope
Tables separated by occupancy type Group R occupancies use “Group R” high rise column Non-Group R occupancies use “All other” column
Tables 502.1. & 502.1.2(1)
Window and door assemblies Curtain wall, storefront glazing & commercial entrance doors Sealing of the building envelope Outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings Loading dock weather-seals Vestibules Recessed lighting
502.4
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Air Leakage
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Building Envelope Sealing
All penetrations, openings, joints and seams in the building envelope must be sealed. Materials that can be used include:
Caulking Gasketing Tapes Moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material
Sealing materials spanning joints between dissimilar materials must allow for expansion and contraction
Photo courtesy of Ken Baker, K energy
502.4.3
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Outdoor Air Intakes & Exhaust Openings
Buildings ≥ 3 stories in height above grade
Class 1 motorized leakage-rated damper– Maximum leakage rate ≤
4cfm /ft2 @ 1.0 inch w.g.Buildings < 3 stories in height
Gravity (non-motorized) allowed
502.4.5
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Weatherseals
Equip cargo doors and loading dock doors with weatherseals
Goal is to restrict infiltration
502.4.6
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Vestibules
Required to reduce infiltration into spaces
Required on entrance doors leading into spaces ≥ 3,000 ft2
Doors must have self-closing devices
Exceptions– Buildings in Climate Zones 1 and 2– Doors from a guest room or
dwelling unit– Revolving doors– Doors used primarily for vehicular
movement, material handling and adjacent personnel doors
ConditionedSpace 3000 FT2
Vestibule
Self Closing Doors
Exterior Doors
ConditionedSpace 3000 FT2
Vestibule
Self Closing Doors
Exterior Doors
502.4.7
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Recessed Lighting
All recessed luminaires installed in the building envelope Type IC rated and sealed
with gasket or caulk between housing and interior wall or ceiling covering
Type IC rated and labeled in accordance with ASTM E 283 to allow ≤ 2.0 cfm of air movement from conditioned space to ceiling cavity
502.4.8
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive
Table 502.1.2
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive
Table 502.2(1)
Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value & U-FactorRoof R-values and U-factor requirements are based on
assembly type / insulation placement Insulation entirely above
deckMetal buildingsAttic and other
502.2.1 (R-Value); 502.1.2 (U-Factor)
Insulation considered continuous (CI)
Insulation thickness can vary ≤ 1” and area weighted U-factor meets the requirements of Table 502.2(1)
Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value: Insulation Completely Above Deck
Table 502.2(1)
Climate Zone 1 2 3
4Except Marine
5And
Marine 46 7 8
Insulation entirely above deck
R-15ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-20ci
R-25ci
R-25ci
R-25ci
R-25ci
Metal buildings (with R-5 thermal blocks)
R-19 R-19R-
13+R-13
R-13+R-13
R-13+R-13
R-19R-
13+R-13
R-19R-
13+R-13
R-19R-
13+R-19
R-19R-
13+R-19
R-19+R-19
R-11+R-19
R-19+R-10
Attic and other R-30 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-49 R-49
ROOFS
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance
Table 502.2(1)
Thermal Blocks
Insulation Draped Over Purlin
Insulation Parallel to Purlin
Picture from NAIMAThermal Blocks
Insulation Draped Over Purlin
Insulation Parallel to Purlin
Picture from NAIMA
R-5 thermal blocks required on all metal buildings or must use U-factor Compliance Method
Climate Zones 2-8 require two layers of insulation for “all other”
CZ 2-5 and marine 4: R-13+R-13 CZ 6-7: R-13+R-19 CZ 8: R-11+R-19
Example (R-13+R-19):– R-13 draped perpendicularly to the purlins– R-19 running parallel to the purlins
supported by the R-13
Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value: Metal Buildings
Table 502.2(1)
Install insulation between framing R-38 in most Climate Zones R-30 in Climate Zones 1 and R-49 in Climate
Zone 8
Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value: Ceilings with Attic Spaces
Table 502.2(1)
Climate Zone 1 2 3 4
Except Marine5
And Marine 4 6 7 8
Mass NR R-5.7ci
R-5.7ci
R-7.6ci
R-7.6ci
R-9.5ci
R-9.5ci
R-11.4ci
R-20ci
R-13.3ci
R-13.3ci
R-15.2ci
R-15.2ci
R-15.2ci
R-25ci
R-25ci
Metal building R-
16 R-16 R-16 R-16 R-19 R-19 R-19 R-19R-
13+5.6ci
R-13+5.6ci
R-13+5.6ci
R-13+5.6CI
R-19+5.6CI
R-19+5.6CI
R-19+5.6CI
R-19+5.6CI
Metal Framed R-
13 R-13R-
13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+3.8ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.;5ci
R-13+7.5cfi
R-13+15.6ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+18.8
ci
Wood Framed & Other
R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13=
3.8ciR-
13+3.8ci
R-13+3.8ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+7.5ci
R-13+15.6
ci
R-13+15.6
ci
WALLS, ABOVE GRADE
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance
Table 502.2(1)
Walls weighing at least 35 lbs/ft2 of wall surface area
OR
25 lbs/ft2 of wall surface area if material weight is ≤ 120 lb/ft3
Commercial Thermal Envelope Wall R-Value: Mass Walls
502.2.3, Table 502.2(1)
Climate Zones 1 (Group R) and 2 (all other) – Can use integral insulation instead of R-5.7 ci
Concrete block walls must comply with ASTM C 90, and
Ungrouted or partially grouted @ 32 inch. o.c. or less vertically or 48 inch. o.c. or less horizontally, and
Ungrouted cells must be filled with insulation material ≤ of 0.44 Btu-in./h-ft2 F
Climate Zone 1 “all other” No insulation required for mass walls
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mass Walls: Concrete Masonry Units
Table 502.2(1)
Climate Zone
R-Value
1-2 R-163-4 except
MarineR-19
Marine 4-6 R-13+R-5.6ci7-8 R-19+R-5.6ci
Commercial Thermal Envelope Metal Building Walls
Table 502.2(2)
Cavity insulation or cavity plus continuous (ci)
Continuous insulation not broken up by framing members e.g. rigid board insulation
Commercial Thermal Envelope Wall R-Value: Wood, Metal Frame, & Other
Table 502.2(1)
What is a below grade wall?Basement or first-story
walls ≥ 85% below grade
Insulation must extend down 10 ft from the outside finished grade level or to the level of the floor, whichever is less
Heated slabs installed below grade (Table 502.2(1) footnote d)
Below grade walls must meet exterior insulation requirements for perimeter insulation according to heated slab-on-grade construction
Commercial Thermal Envelope Below Grade Walls
502.2.4, Table 502.2(1) footnote d
Photo courtesy of Dow Building Solutions
Climate Zone 1 2 3
4Except Marine
5And
Marine 46 7 8
Below grade wall
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
R-7.5ci
R-7.5ci
R-7.5ci
R-7.5ci
R-7.5ci
R-7.5ci
R-10ci
R-7.5ci
R-12.5ci
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance
Table 502.2(1), 502.2.4
WALLS, BELOW GRADE
Joist/Framing (Steel/Wood)
Insulation installed between framing
Mass Floors Materials weighing (of
floor surface area)35 lbs/ft2, or
25 lbs/ft2 if material weight is ≤ 12 lbs/ft3
Insulation installed continuously
Steel Floor Joist Systems (footnoted to Table 502.2(1))
R-38 in Climate Zones 6-8
Commercial Thermal Envelope Floors over Outdoor Air or Unconditioned Space
502.2.5
Climate Zone 1 2 3
4Except Marine
5And Marine
46 7 8
Mass NR
NR
R-6.3ci
R-8.3ci
R-6.3ci
R-8.3ci
R-10ci
R-10.4ci
R-10ci
R-12.5ci
R-12.5ci
R-14.6ci
R-15ci
R-16.7ci
R-15ci
R-16.7ci
Joist/FramingSteel/(Wood)
NR
NR R-19 R-30 R-19 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance
Table 502.2(1), 502.2.5
FLOORS
Climate Zone 1 2 3
4Except Marine
5And Marine 4 6 7 8
Unheated Slabs NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
R-10 for24 in. below
NRR-10 for 24 in. below
R-10 for 24 in. below
R-15 for 24 in. below
R-15 for 24. in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-20 for 24 in. below
HeatedSlabs
R-7.5 for12 in. below
R-7.5 for12 in. below
R-7.5 for12 in. below
R-7.5 for12 in. below
R-10 for24 in below
R-10 for24 in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-15 for24 in. below
R-20 for 48 in. below
R-20 for 24 in. below
R-20 for48 in. below
R-20 for48 in. below
R-20 for48 in. below
SLAB-ON GRADE FLOORS
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance
Table 502.2(1), 502.2.6
Unheated slab – insulation required:
“All Other” in Climate Zones 6-8
“Group R” in Climate Zones 4-8
Heated slabs – insulation required in all Climate Zones
Commercial Thermal Envelope Slab-on-Grade
502.2.6
Climate
Zone1 2 3
4Except Marine
5And
Marine 46 7 8
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
Roll-Up OrSliding
U-1.45
U-1.45
U-1.45
U-1.45
U-1.45
U-1.45
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
U-0.50
Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance
Table 502.2(1), 502.2.7
OPAQUE DOORS
Doors having < 50% glass area
Swinging doors Meet U-factor requirement
Roll-up or sliding doors Climate zones 1 - 3: U-
factor-1.45 Climate zones 4 including
Marine - 8: U-factor-0.50
Commercial Thermal Envelope Opaque Doors
502.2.7
Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Fenestration
Table 502.3, 502.3
Percentage of Vertical Fenestration Area to Gross Wall Area Allowed up to 40%
maximum of above grade wall
Commercial Thermal Envelope Vertical Fenestration Requirement
502.3.1 – Prescriptive (Max Area)
Based on above-grade wall area (gross) Includes walls between conditioned space and
unconditioned space or the great outdoors• Includes walls that are > 15% above grade
Total fenestration area (includes frame and glazing) Does not include opaque door area
Commercial Thermal Envelope Vertical Fenestration Requirement
502.3.1
Limited to ≤ 3% of Roof Area U-factor and SHGC Based NFRC 100 Rating for U-factor or Default Table No SHGC requirements in Climate Zones 7-8
Commercial Thermal Envelope Skylight U-Factor / SHGC
502.3.1 Prescriptive (Max Area), 502.3.2, Table 502.3
Framing Materials Other Than Metal w/ or w/o metal reinforcement or cladding
Includes vinyl and wood frame products or other non-metal frames
Typically manufactured fenestration products
Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor
502.3.2
By definition:
Fenestration products used to create an external nonload-bearing wall that is designed to separate the exterior and interior environments
Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor: Curtain Wall
502.4.2
Storefront Entrance Door
Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor: Storefront
502.4.2
Includes operable windows, fixed windows and non-entrance doors
Photo courtesy of Ken Baker, K energy
Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor: All Other
502.4.1
Two Options for Meeting the SHGC Requirements Fenestration product rated and labeled to NFRC 200, or Select default from Table 303.1.3(3)
TABLE 303.1.3(3)DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGC
Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration SHGC Requirements
Table 303.1.3(3)
The Effect of Overhangs on Fenestration SHGC Overhangs allow a higher SHGC
product to be installed Projection factor must be
calculated
Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration SHGC Requirements
502.3.2
What is Solar Heat Gain Coefficient? “The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through
the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation.”
Commercial Thermal Envelope Glazed Fenestration SHGC
502.3.2, Table 502.3
Two Options for Meeting the SHGC Requirements Fenestration product rated and labeled to NFRC 200, or Select default from Table 303.1.3(3)
Dropped CeilingDropped Ceiling
Insulation placed on Suspended Ceiling with Removable Ceiling Tiles
Will not count for code compliance
Will not comply with Section 502.4.3 – “Sealing of the building envelope”
Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value
502.2.1
Commercial Compliance Process: Mechanical / SWH
Must the Project Comply with the IECC?
Comply with the Envelope Requirements
Comply with the
Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Comply with the Lighting
Requirements
Section 502 90.1 Section 5 Sections 503 and 504 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
Document Compliance
with the IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path
Only Four Sections:
What Provisions of the Code Apply (503.1)
Mandatory Provisions (503.2)
PLUS Simple HVAC Systems and
Equipment (503.3)
OR Complex HVAC Systems and
Equipment (503.4)
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems
Section 503
Simple systems Unitary or
packaged HVAC equipment
Serves one zone and controlled by a single thermostat
Buildings served by unitary or packaged
HVAC each serving 1 zone controlled by 1
thermostat. Two-pipe heating systems serving
multiple zones are included if no cooling
system is installed [Tables 503.2.3(1)
through 503.2.3(5)]
Section 503.3 Simple
Systems
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple vs. Complex Systems
503.3, Tables 503.2.3(1) through 502.2.3(5)
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple System
Simple Systems
Complex systemsAll equipment not covered under
Section 503.3 Simple Systems
Section 503.4
Complex Systems
All buildings served by HVAC systems
not covered under 503.3
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple vs. Complex Systems
503.4, 503.3
Complex Systems
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Complex Systems
This section applies to all HVAC equipment and systems not included in Section 503.3
Complex Systems Packaged VAV reheat Built-up VAV reheat Built-up single-fan, dual-duct VAV Built-up or packaged dual-fan, dual-duct VAV Four-pipe fan coil system with central plant Water Source heat pump with central plant Any other multiple-zone system Hydronic space heating and cooling system
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Complex HVAC Systems & Equip.
503.4 Prescriptive
Provisions Applicable to ALL Mechanical Systems Duct and Plenum
Insulation and Sealing Piping Insulation HVAC System
Completion Air System Design and
Control Motor Nameplate
Horsepower Heating Outside a
Building
HVAC Load Calculations Equipment and System
Sizing HVAC Equipment
Performance Requirements HVAC System Controls Ventilation Energy Recovery
Ventilation Systems
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Mandatory Provisions
503.2
Applies to all equipment used in heating and cooling of buildings
Where components from different manufacturers are used
• calculations & supporting data demonstrating combined efficiency meets requirements
Must comply with all listed efficiencies
Exception Water-cooled centrifugal water-chilling packages
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: HVAC Performance
503.2.3 Mandatory Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Mandatory
Table 503.2.3(2)
Commercial BuildingMechanical Systems: Mandatory
Table 503.2.3(2)
Heating and cooling load sizing calculations required ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183 Other approved computation procedures –
defined in Chapter 3• Exterior design conditions
– Specified by ASHRAE• Interior design conditions
– Specified by Section 302 of the IECC• ≤ 72oF for heating load• ≥ 75oF for cooling load
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: HVAC Load Calculations
503.2.1 Mandatory
Output capacity SHALL NOT exceed sizing Select the system which serves the greater load,
heating or cooling– Exceptions
• Standby Equipment with Required Controls• Multiple Units with Combined Capacities Exceeding
Loads– Sequencing Controls Required
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Equipment & Sizing Systems
503.2.2 Mandatory
Control required for each system if zoned for each zone
Commercial Building System Controls
503.2.4 Mandatory
Thermostats must have at least a 5°F dead band
Exception• Thermostats requiring
manual change over between heating and cooling
Commercial Building System Controls
Automatic time clock or programmable systemExceptions
• Zones operated continually• Zones with full HVAC load demand <6,800 Btu/h and has
a readily accessible shut off switch
Thermostatic setback capabilitiesCapability to maintain zone temps down to 55ºF
or up to 85ºF
Automatic setback and shutdown
Commercial System Controls Off Hour
503.2.4.3 Mandatory
Motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the system or spaces are not in use.
Exceptions• Gravity dampers permitted in buildings < 3 stories• Gravity dampers permitted for buildings of any height
located in Climate Zones 1-3• Gravity dampers permitted for outside air intake or
exhaust airflows of 300 cfm (0.14m3/s) or less.
Commercial System Controls Shut-Off Dampers
503.2.4.4 Mandatory
Heat pump systemsHeat pump thermostat
required when supplying electric resistance heating
Control must prevent supplemental heat demand when heat pump can meet the heating load.
• Except during defrost
Commercial Building System Controls: Heat Pump Systems
503.2.4.1.1 Mandatory
Snow- and ice-melting systems, supplied through energy service to the building, shall include
automatic controls capable of shutting off the system when the pavement temperature is above 50°F (10°C) and no precipitation is falling
an automatic or manual control that will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F (4°C) so that the potential for snow or ice accumulation is negligible
Photo courtesy of Ken Baker, K energy
Commercial System Controls Snow Melt System
503.2.4.5 Mandatory
DCV must be provided for each zone with spaces > 500 ft² and the average occupant load > 40 people/1000 ft² of floor area where the HVAC system has:
An air-side economizer, Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air damper,
or A design outdoor airflow > 3,000 cfmDemand control ventilation (DCV): a ventilation system
capability that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design occupancy.
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Demand Control Ventilation
503.2.5.1 Mandatory
Exceptions: Systems with energy recovery per 503.2.6 Multiple zone systems without direct digital
control of single zones communicating with central control panel
Systems with design outdoor airflow < 1,200 cfm Spaces where supply airflow rate minus any
makeup or outgoing transfer air requirement < 1,200 cfm
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Demand Control Ventilation
503.2.5.1 Mandatory
Applies to individual fan systems with Design supply air capacity ≥ 5,000 cfm Minimum outside air supply of ≥ 70% of design supply
air quantityExhaust air recovery efficiency must be ≥ 50%
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Energy Recovery Ventilation
503.2.6 Mandatory
Exceptions: Where energy recovery ventilation systems prohibited by the
IMC Lab fume hood system with at least one of the following:
– VAV hood exhaust and room supply systems capable of reducing exhaust and makeup air volume to ≤ 50% of design values
– Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply equal to at least 75% of exhaust rate, heated no warmer than 2ºF below room setpoint, cooled to no cooler than 3ºF above room setpoint, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling use for dehumidification control
Systems serving uncooled spaces and heated to < 60ºF Where > 60% of outdoor heating energy is from site-recovered
or site solar energy Heating systems in climates < 3,600 HDD Cooling systems in climates with a 1% cooling design wet-bulb
temperature < 64ºF Systems requiring dehumidification that employ series-style
energy recovery coils wrapped around the cooling coil
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Energy Recovery Ventilation
503.2.6 Mandatory
Insulation required for supply and return ducts and plenums
Located in unconditioned space – minimum R5
Located outside the building - minimum R8
Exceptions When located within
equipment When design temperature
difference between interior and exterior of the duct or plenum doesn’t exceed 15ºF
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Duct & Plenum Insulation & Sealing
503.2.7 Mandatory
FLUID
NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER
≤ 1.5” ≥ 1.5”
Steam 1 ½ 3
Hot water 1 ½ 2
Chilled water, brine or refrigerant
1 ½ 1 ½
All piping serving heating or cooling system must be insulated in accordance with Table 503.2.8
Minimum Pipe Insulation(thickness in inches)
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Piping Insulation
503.2.8 Mandatory, Table 503.2.8
Exceptions: Piping internal to HVAC equipment (including
fan coil units) factory installed and tested Piping for fluid in temperature range
– 55 < temp < 105°F Piping for fluid not heated or cooled by
electricity or fossil fuels Runout piping ≤ 4’ in length and 1” in diameter
between the control valve and HVAC coil
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Piping Insulation
503.2.8 Mandatory
Ducts designed to operate at static pressures ≤ 2 in. wg
Securely fastened and sealedExceptions
• When located within equipment• Design temperature difference between interior and
exterior of duct or plenum <15°F
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Low & Med. Pressure Duct Systems
503.2.7.1 & 503.2.7.2 Mandatory
Ducts designed to operate at static pressures > 3 in. wg to be leak tested in accordance with SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual
Air leakage rate ≤ 6.0CL = F x P0.65
• Where– F = leakage rate per 100 sf of duct surface area– P = test condition static pressure
Must test ≥ 25% of the duct area and meet the requirements
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: High Pressure Duct Systems
503.2.7.1.3 Mandatory
Air System BalancingHydronic System BalancingManuals
– Equipment Capacity and Required Maintenance
– Equipment O & M Manuals – HVAC System Control Maintenance and
Calibration Information– Written Narrative of Each System Operation
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: HVAC System Completion
503.2.9 Mandatory
• 503.2.11 – Systems installed outside buildings shall be radiant systems, with occupancy systems or timers.
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Outside Buildings
Unitary or packaged, single zone controlled by a single thermostat in the zone served.
Simple Systems Unitary packaged heating and cooling
systems Split system heating and cooling systems Packaged terminal A/C and HPs Fuel-fired furnace Electrical resistance heating Two-pipe heating systems w/o cooling
Commercial Building Mech. Systems: Simple HVAC Systems & Equipment
503.3
Must include economizers dependent on climate zone Capable of providing 100-percent outdoor air even if
additional mechanical cooling is required (integrated economizer)
Must provide a means to relieve excess outdoor air
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple HVAC Systems & Equipment
503.3
• Economizer, Air – A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather.
• Economizer, Water – A system where the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with water what is itself cooled by heat of mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical cooling.
Commercial Definitions
CLIMATE ZONES ECONOMIZER REQUIREMENT
1A, 1B, 2A, 7, 8 No requirement
2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B
Economizers on cooling systems ≥ 54,000 Btu/ha
a The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed 480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20 percent of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater
Table 503.3.1(1)
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Economizers
503.3.1, Table 503.3.1(1)
CLIMATE ZONES COOLING EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT (EER OR IPLV)
2B 10% Efficiency Improvement
3B 15% Efficiency Improvement
4B 20% Efficiency Improvement
Trade-off high cooling efficiency for economizerTable 503.3.1(2)
Two Exceptions
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Economizers
503.3.1, Table 503.3.1(2)
Individual dual duct or mixing reheating and cooling systems with a single fan and with total capacities > 90,000 Btu/h (7.5 tons) should not have economizers
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Single Fan Dual Duct & Mixing VAV Systems, Economizers
503.4.5.3
Maximum fan power requirements Applies to HVAC systems with total fan system power > 5 hp Each HVAC system at design conditions can not exceed allowable fan system motor
nameplate hp (Option 1) or fan system bhp (Options 2) in Table 503.2.10.1(1)
TABLE 503.2.10.1.1(1) FAN POWER LIMITATION
bhp = brake horsepower
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Air System Design & Control
503.2.10 Mandatory, Table 503.2.10.1(1)
• Fan System BHP – The sum of the fan brake horsepower of all fans that are required to operate a fan system design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
Commercial Definitions
BHP option includes adjustment “adders” certain devices
Table 503.2.10.1(2)
DEVICE ADJUSTMENT Credits
Fully ducted return and/or exhaust air systems 0.5 in w.c.
Return and/or exhaust air flow control devices 0.5 in w.c Exhaust filters, scrubbers, or other exhaust treatment.
The pressure drop of device calculated at fan system design condition.
Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 9 thru 12 0.5 in w.c.
Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 13 thru 15 0.9 in w.c. Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 16 and greater and electronically enhanced filters
Pressure drop calculated at 2x clean filter pressure drop at fan system design condition.
Carbon and Other gas-phase air cleaners
Clean filter pressure drop at fan system design condition.
Heat Recovery Device Pressure drop of device at fan system design condition.
Evaporative Humidifier/Cooler in series with another cooling coil
Pressure drop of device at fan system design conditions
Sound Attenuation Section 0.15 in w.c. Deductions
Fume hood exhaust exception -1.0 in w.c.
Fan Power Limitation Drop Adjustment
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Allowable Fan Motor Horsepower
503.2.10 Mandatory
ExceptionsHospital and laboratory systems using
flow control devices on exhaust and/or return for health and safety or environmental control permitted to use variable fan power limitation
Individual exhaust fans ≤ 1 hpFans exhausting air from fume hoods
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Allowable Fan Motor Horsepower
503.2.10.1 Mandatory
Selected fan motor to be no larger than first available motor size greater than bhp
Fan bhp on design documents
Exceptions Fans < 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than
bhp has nameplate rating within 50% of bhp, next larger nameplate motor size may be selected
Fans ≥ 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than bhp has nameplate rating within 30% of bhp, next larger nameplate motor size may be selected
bhp = brake horsepower
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Motor Nameplate Horsepower
503.2.10.2 Mandatory
• Energy Recovery Ventilation System – Systems that employ air-to-air heat exchangers to recover energy form exhaust air for the purposes of preheating, precooling, humidifying, or dehumidifying outdoor ventilation air prior to supplying the air to a space, either directly or as part of an HVAC system.
• Variable Air Volume (VAV) – HVAC system that controls the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled supply air to the space. (ASHRAE)
Commercial Definitions
Have to be radiant systems
Controlled by an occupancy sensing device or timer switch
System is automatically de-energized when no occupants are present.
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Heating Outside a Building
503.2.11 Mandatory
System ≥ 300,000 Btu/h must includeTemperature reset or variable flow
• Automatic resets for supply water temperature by at least 25% of design supply-to-return temperature differences or
• Reduce system pump flow by 50% of design flow using
– Multiple Staged Pumps– Adjustable Speed Drives– Control Valves that modulate as a function of load
503.4.3.4
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Hydronic Water Loop Heat Pump Systems
Cooling systems can’t use unless system designed with multiple steps of unloading OR Continuous capacity modulation
Capacity limited per Table 502.4.4Exception
Unitary packaged systems with cooling capacities < 90,000 Btu/h
Rated CapacityMaximum Hot Gas Bypass Capacity
(% of total capacity)≤ 240,000 Btu/h 50%
> 240,000 Btu/h 25%
Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Hot Gas Bypass
503.4.7 Mandatory, Table 503.4.7
Table 504.2 Minimum Performance of Water-Heating Equipment
Water Heater Types Covered• Electric Storage• Gas and Oil Storage• Instantaneous Water Heaters – Gas
and Oil• Hot water boilers – gas and oil• Pool heaters• Unfired storage tanks
Temperature Controls (504.3)Heat Traps (504.4)
Commercial Building Service Water Heating
504 Mandatory, Table 504.2
Non-circulating system insulation requirements First eight feet of outlet piping on systems with no
integral heat traps 1/2 inch of insulation required
Circulating systems 1 inch of insulation
Commercial BuildingService Water Heating: Pipe Insulation
504.5
Ability to turn off circulating hot water pumps and heat trace tape when the system is not in operation
Automatically or manually
Commercial BuildingService Water Heating: System Controls
504.6
Pool heaters (504.7.1) Readily accessible on-off switch Natural gas or LPG fired pool heaters will not have
continuously burning pilot lights
Time switches (504.7.2) Automatic controls required to operate pool heaters and
pumps on a preset schedule Exceptions
• Where public health standards require 24 hour operation• Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat
recovery pool heating systems
Commercial BuildingPool Requirements
504.7
Heated pools required to have a pool cover Pool cover must be vapor retardant
Pools heated to over 90oF Minimum R-12 insulation
Exception Pools deriving > 60% energy for heating from site-
recovered energy or solar source
Commercial BuildingPool Requirements: Pool Covers
504.7.3
Must the Project Comply with the IECC?
Comply with the Envelope Requirements
Comply with the
Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Comply with the Lighting
Requirements
Section 502 90.1 Section 5 Sections 503 and 504 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
Document Compliance
with the IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path
IECC Section 506
Building PerformanceMethod
Commercial BuildingIntroduction to the Energy Compliance Process
Commercial Lighting Requirements When do the Requirements Apply?
Original Installed Lighting System in a New Building, Addition, or Tenant Build-out
Existing Lighting System that is Altered Change in Occupancy that Increases Energy Change in Occupancy that requires less LPD as shown in table 505.3.2Exceptions:
– Historic buildings• State or National listing• Eligible to be listed
– Alterations where less than 50% of the luminaires in a space are replaced and installed interior power lighting is not increased
– Lighting within dwelling units• Where ≥ 50% of permanently installed fixtures include high-efficacy
lamps
101
Mandatory Interior Lighting requirements Required Controls Wattage/Efficiency Limits
Interior Lighting Power Allowances (watts/ft2)
Exterior Lighting Controls Required Controls Lamp Efficiency
Exterior Lighting Power Allowances (watts/ft2)
Electric Metering
Commercial Lighting Requirements What’s Covered?
505 Mandatory
Lamp Wattage Efficacy> 40 watts 60 lumens/watt15-40 watts 50 lumens/watt< 15 watts 40 lumens/watt
Defined in the 2009 IECC as: Compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent
lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy based on lamp wattage
Commercial Interior Lighting Control High-Efficacy Lights
202
Independent Lighting Control required for each space surrounded by floor-to-ceiling partitions
Must be located in the space served, - OR -
Switched from a remote location• Must have indicator that identifies
the lights served and their status (off or on)
Exemptions• Security or emergency areas that
must be continuously lighted• Lighting in stairways or corridors
that are elements of the means of egress
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Basic Control
505.2
Light Reduction Controls must allow the occupant to reduce connected lighting
By at least 50% In a reasonably uniform
illumination pattern
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Light Reduction
505.2.2.1
Controlling all lamps or luminaires Dual switching of alternate rows of luminaires, alternate luminaires
or lamps Switching middle lamp luminaires independently from the outer
lamps Each luminaire or each lamp
SS
Dimmer SwitchD
Alternating Luminaires
Dimming
SS
Alternating Lamps
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Light Reduction Control Options
505.2.2.1
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Potential Savings
Light Reduction Control Not required for the following:
Areas with only one luminaire
Areas controlled by occupancy sensor
Corridors, storerooms, restrooms or public lobbies
Sleeping unitsSpaces with <0.6 w/ft2
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Light Reduction Exemptions
505.2.2.1
Automatic lighting shutoff control device required in all buildings larger than 5,000 ft2
Building Defined: “Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or
occupancy”Building area surrounded by exterior walls and fire walls
Exempted spacesSleeping unitsLighting for patient careWhen an automatic shutoff would endanger occupant safety or security
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Automatic Shutoff
505.2.2.2
1. Control lights on a scheduled basis (automatic time switch)• Time-of-day controller• Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2 and
not more than one floor, or
2. Occupant sensor• Turn lights off within 30
minutes of occupant leaving the space
3. Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is unoccupied
Office
Occupancy Sensor
ConferenceRoom
Restrooms
Lobby
Connect to Lighting in Lobby
Open Bay Office
Connect to Lighting in Open Bay Office
Automatic Lighting Control
110’
50’
Automatic Lighting Shutoff Compliance Options
Courtesy Britt-Makela Group
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Automatic Shutoff Options
505.2.2.2
Readily accessible Within view of the lights or area controlled Manually operated ≤ 2 hour override
– The override allows lighting to remain on no more than 2 hours when override is initiated
Controls an area ≤ 5,000 ft2
Exemptions– Can be over 2 hour override in malls and arcades, auditoriums,
single-tenant retail space, industrial facilities and arenas when using captive key override
– Override in malls and arcades, auditoriums, single-tenant retail space, industrial facilities and arenas can cover up to 20,000 ft2
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Occupant Override
505.2.2.2.1
Feature that turns off all loads for 24 hours then resumes the normally scheduled operationExceptions
Retail stores and associated mallsRestaurantsGrocery storesPlaces of religious worshipTheaters
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Holiday Scheduling
505.2.2.2.2
Daylight Zones Must have individual control of the lights independent of general area lighting
Contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical fenestration Can be controlled by a single controlling device if the zone doesn’t include areas
facing more than two adjacent orientations (i.e., north, east, south, west)
Daylight zones under skylights > 15 ft from the perimeter Must be controlled separately from daylight zones adjacent to vertical
fenestration
Exception Daylight spaces 1) enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions and 2) containing
two or fewer light fixtures • not required to have a separate switch for general area lighting
Note: required controls may be manual or automatic
Commercial Building Daylight Zone Control Requirements
505.2.2.3
The daylight zone depth is assumed to be 15 feet into the space or to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition, whichever is lessThe daylight zone width is assumed to be: the width of the window plus 2
feet on each side, or the window width plus distance
to opaque partitions, or the window width plus one-half
the distance to adjacent skylight or vertical fenestration, whichever is least.
Commercial Daylight Zone Definition Adjacent to Vertical Fenestration
505.2.2.3
The area under skylights whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is equal to the skylight dimension plus the smaller of:
The floor-to-ceiling height, or The distance to a ceiling height opaque partition, or One-half the distance to adjacent skylights or vertical fenestration
(whichever is least)
Commercial Daylight Zone Definition Under Skylights
505.2.2.3
Standard Room Suite
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$$$
$$
$$$$
$$
Applies to hotels, motels, boarding houses, or similar Master switch required at each room or main room entry Must control all permanently wired luminaires or switched receptacles
Exceptions: bathrooms
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Sleeping Unit Lighting Control
505.2.3
For dusk-to-dawn lighting: astronomical time switch or photosensor For all other: astronomical time switch OR
photosensor + time switch All time switches must have at least 10 hour battery
backup
Commercial Exterior Lighting Control Requirements
505.2.4
Tandem Wiring for all Odd Numbered Lamp Configurations Exceptions
Where electronic high frequency ballasts are used
Luminaires on emergency circuits
Luminaires with no available pair in the same area
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Tandem Wiring
505.3 Mandatory
Exit Signs Internally illuminated exit signs shall not
exceed 5 watts per side
Commercial Interior Lighting Control Exit Lights
505.4
Sum the wattage of all proposed connected lighting power
This must include all lighting that is part of the design for the space including:
Overhead lighting Task lighting Decorative lighting
Commercial Lighting Requirements Connected Interior Lighting Power Calculation
505.5.1
Connected Interior Lighting Power must not exceed Interior Lighting Power Allowance
1. Calculate Interior Lighting Power Allowance• Building Area type allowance• Additional allowances
2. Calculate proposed connected lighting power• Wattage calculation “rules”• Exempted lighting
3. Compare values: proposed wattage must be less than or equal to allowed wattage
Commercial Lighting Requirements Interior Lighting Power Limits
505.5
Connected power for following not included in calculations: Professional sports arena playing field Sleeping unit lighting Emergency lighting automatically off during normal building
operation Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants
with special lighting needs including visual impairment and other medical and age related issues
Lighting in interior spaces specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark
Casino gaming areas Lighting equipment used for the following exempt if in
addition to general lighting and controlled by an independent control device
• Task lighting for medical and dental procedures• Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums and
monuments
Commercial Exterior Lighting Exemptions to Proposed Lighting Power Calculation
505.5.1
Theatrical, stage, film, and video production Used for photographic processes Integral to equipment or instrumentation installed by
manufacturer Plant growth or maintenance Advertising or directional signage Food warming and food prep equipment (in restaurant
bldgs & areas) Lighting equipment that is for sale Lighting demonstration equipment in lighting education
facilities Approved because of safety or emergency
considerations, exclusive of exit lights Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and
freezer cases In retail display windows when the display is enclosed by
ceiling-height partitions Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting controlled
by automatic shutoff
Commercial Exterior LightingExemptions to Proposed Lighting Power Calculation
505.5.1
Building Area TypeNote: Alternate standard
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 provides whole building and space-by-space options
Table 505.5.2
Commercial Interior Lighting Power Allowance
505.5.2
First, choose an appropriate “Building Area Type” from the allowance table (505.5.2)
“Building Area” includes all spaces that are associated with that business or function type.
For example a space with:• Corridors,• Restrooms,• A lobby, and• Office space
…would be considered an Office Building Area Type
Then...multiply the lighting power density (W/ft2) by the total building square footage to get allowed watts for compliance
Commercial Interior Lighting Power Allowance Calculation
505.5.2
Office: 200,000 ft2
1.0 W/ft2 = 200,000 W
Table 505.5.2
Commercial Interior Lighting Example: Office
Table 505.5.2
A 200,000 ft2 office building that contains corridor, restrooms, break rooms and a lobby is given 1.0 W/ft2 for the entire building
How is an allowance determined if the building has more than one Building Area Type?
Example – A building contains the following area types• Museum: 40,000 ft2
• Retail 5,000 ft2
• Cafeteria: 10,000 ft2
Use the more specific building area type where more than one area type exists in the buildingSum the individual (lighting power density x area square footage) values for Total Power Allowance
Commercial Interior LightingPower Allowance for Multiple Occupancy Building
505.5.2
Cafeteria:10,000 ft2
at 1.4 W/ft2 = 14,000 W Museum: 40,000 ft2
at 1.1 W/ft2 = 44,000 W
Retail: 5,000 ft2
at 1.5 W/ft2 = 7,500 W
Total watts allowed = 65,500 W
Table 505.5.2
Commercial Interior Lighting Example: Multiple Occupancy Building
505.5.2
Lighting wattage must be calculated in accordance with Section 505.5.1
Screw lamp holders: maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire Low voltage lighting: transformer wattage Line voltage track:
1. specified wattage with minimum of 30 W/linear ft OR2. wattage limit of system’s circuit breaker OR3. wattage limit of other permanent current limiting devices
Other: manufacturer’s rated wattage of lamp and associated ballast
Commercial Exterior Lighting Connected Lighting Calculation
505.6 Mandatory
Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts + (Retail Area 1 x 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 2 x 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 3 x 1.4 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 4 x 2.5 W/ft2),
Where: Retail Area 1 = the floor area for
all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or 4.
Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and small electronics.
Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics and artwork.
Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china.
Commercial Interior Lighting Additional Retail Lighting Power Allowance
Table 505.5.2 - Footnotes
Exception: Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above, provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Photo courtesy of Ken Baker, K energy
Commercial Interior Lighting Additional Retail Lighting Power Allowance
Table 505.5.2 - Footnotes
Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must have source efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt
Exceptions Controlled by motion sensor Any of the exterior lighting power allowance exceptions As approved for a historical, safety, signage, or emergency consideration
Light SourceTypical System Efficacy Range in
LPW(varies depending on wattage and
lamp type)Incandescent 10-18Halogen incandescent 15-20Compact fluorescent (CFL)
35-60
Linear fluorescent 50-100Metal halide 50-90
Commercial Exterior Lighting Building Grounds Lighting
505.6.1
Connected Exterior Lighting Power must not exceed Exterior Lighting Power Allowance
1. Calculate exterior lighting power allowance • Lighting power densities by exterior function and by
applicable lighting zone2. Calculate proposed connected lighting power
• Wattage calculation “rules”• Exempted lighting
3. Compare values: proposed wattage must be less than or equal to allowed wattage
Commercial Exterior Lighting Power Limits
505.6.2(2)
The following lighting does not need to be included in the proposed lighting calculation:• Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation• Advertising signage or directional signage• Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its
manufacturer• Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production,
and video production• Lighting for athletic playing areas• Temporary lighting• Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and
associated storage areas• Theme elements in theme/amusement parks• Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic
landmark structures or buildings
Commercial Exterior Lighting Exemption from Exterior Calculation
505.6.2(2)
What areas are covered under exterior lighting allowances?
Tradable surfacesCommon exterior lighted needs that can be traded for other needs.
• For example, wattage allowed for parking lot lighting can be “traded” and used for canopy lighting.
Nontradable surfacesLess common exterior lighted needs that cannot be traded for other needs.
• These applications have more specific security or task illuminance needs.
Commercial Exterior Lighting Power Limits
505.6.2(2)
Uncovered parking lots and areas Walkways (under and over 10 feet
wide) Stairways Pedestrian tunnels Main building entrances and exits Other doors Entry canopies Free-standing and attached sales
canopies Open sales areas Street frontage sales areas
Commercial Exterior Lighting Tradable Surfaces
Table 505.6.2(2)
Building facades Automated teller machines and night depositories Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other emergency
vehicles Drive-up windows/doors Parking near 24-hour retail entrances
Commercial Exterior Lighting Nontradable Surfaces
Table 505.6.2(2)
Lighting Zone
Description
1 Developed areas of national parks, state parks, forest land, and rural areas
2 Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business districts, light industrial with limited nighttime use and residential mixed use areas
3 All other areas4 High-activity commercial districts in
major metropolitan areas as designated by the local land use planning authority
Commercial Exterior Lighting Exterior Lighting Zones
Table 505.6.2(1)
Applications Lighting Power Densities
Tradable Surfaces (Lighting Power Densities for open parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs, and outdoor sales areas may be traded)Uncovered Parking Areas
Parking lots and drives 0.15 W/ft2
Building Grounds
Walkways less than 10 feet wide 1.0 W/linear foot
Walkways 10 feet wide or greater, Plaza areas and Special feature areas
0.2 W/ft2
Stairways 1.0 W/ft2
Commercial Exterior Lighting Zones Lighting Power Densities
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Tradable
SurfacesBuilding Entrances and Exits
Main entries
20 W/linear foot of door width
20 W/linear foot of door
width
30 W/linear foot of door width
30 W/linear foot of door
width
Other doors 20 W/linear
foot of door width
20 W/linear foot of door width
20 W/linear foot of door width
20 W/linear foot of door width
Entry Canopies 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2
Sales Canopies Free-standing
and attached
0.6 W/ft2 0.6 W/ft2 0.8 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2
Outdoor Sales Open areas
(including vehicle
sales lots) 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.5 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2
Street frontage for
vehicle sales lots in
addition to “open
area” allowance
No allowance 10 W/linear foot
10 W/linear foot
30 W/linear foot
Commercial BuildingExterior Lighting Zones
Table 505.6.2(2)
Separate metering required for each dwelling unit
Commercial Electric Energy Consumption Requirements
505.7 Mandatory
Exterior Lighting Power Density & Application Examples
Bank
ATM
Walkway5 ft wide
Canopy
Parking Lot
Parking: 10,000 ft2
Canopy: 100 ft2Walkway: 300 ft
ATM –One location
How many tradable watts are allowed for this project? How many nontradablewatts?
Bank
ATM
Walkway5 ft wide
Canopy
Parking Lot
Bank
ATM
Walkway5 ft wide
Canopy
Parking Lot
Parking: 10,000 ft2Canopy: 100
ATM –One location
How many tradable watts are allowed for this project? How many nontradablewatts?
Commercial Performance Compliance
For Performance-Based Compliance
Need to model a standard reference design to the mandatory and prescriptive requirements.
Convert annual energy consumption to annual energy cost.
Need to model your proposed design.Convert annual energy consumption to annual energy cost.
Compliance is based on annual energy cost for proposed design < annual cost for standard reference design.
For both cases unite energy cost has to be the same.For both cases, simulation rules may apply.
506.3
Commercial Performance-Based Compliance
506.1
Compliance based on total building performance requires that a proposed building (proposed design) be shown to have an annual energy cost that is less than or equal to the annual energy cost of the standard reference design.
Energy prices shall be taken from a source approved by the code official, such as the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration's State Energy Price and Expenditure Report.
Commercial Total Building Performance
There are a number of Energy Simulations Tools
Case StudyCommercial Existing Building
A 10,640 square foot tenant improvement program at Scottsdale Waterfront.
The office space goes beyond code compliance to result in 27.8% energy savings of the proposed building over the baseline building.
Commercial Case StudyTenant Improvement
FLOOR LAYOUT
The building was built in 2006 and is two stories with retail/restaurant on the first floor and office on the second.
The design challenges will be to work with an existing building envelope and achieve high levels of energy efficiency.
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
A tenant improvement program, if complies to the scope and requirements of additions and alterations to existing buildings.
Main points of Focus :1. Building Envelope :
Ceiling and Skylights
2. Internal Loads3. High efficiency
HVAC Systems
• Simulation Software Used: eQUEST V3.64 • Code Compliance to: ASHRAE 90.1 2007
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
BUILDING ENVELOPE
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
• Ceiling insulation has been added to improve the efficiency of the building envelope
• External walls and Windows have not been altered
• Internal Walls• Skylight U Value, SHGC
Triple pane high performance glazing, for daylighting as well as building relief air.
Before Retrofit
After Retrofit
Description IECC ESD
Ceiling U Value (Btu/h sq.ft F) 0.048 0.028Skylight U Value (0-2%) 0.75 0.29Skylight SHGC 0.35 0.38
CEILING AND SKYLIGHTS: BEYOND CODE
INTERNAL LOADS
LIGHTING CONTROLS• 62% energy savings over baseline
building in lighting end useDaylight Controls for Daylit Areas:• The project has installed daylight
responsive controls in all regularly occupied spaces within 15 feet of windows and under skylights.
Daylight Controls for Lighting Load :• The project has installed daylight
responsive controls for 50% of the connected lighting load in daylit areas.
Occupancy Sensors:• The project has installed occupancy
sensors for• 75% of the connected lighting load
LIGHTING CONTROLS : BEYOND CODE
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
Old Systems :• 11- 3 Ton Heat Pump units. SEER 12 and
R22 Refrigerant.• Removed and Donated to Phoenix
Elementary Schools
New Systems:• High efficiency Carrier HCQ 15 SEER heat
pump units with R410a refrigerant. • Air side Economizer, capable of bringing in
100% outside air and demand control ventilation with CO2 monitoring.
• MERV 13 filters.
Old Systems Removed
Donated to School
Description IECC ESD
Cooling System Efficiency SEER13 SEER15
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: BEYOND CODE
HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC SYSTEMS
CLASSROOMS AND CONFERENCE ROOMS
• Ultra high efficiency 5-ton single zone VAV unit that has a VFD controlling the fan speed.
• It is rated by ARI at 15 SEER, Carrier calculates the SEER of the unit to be closer to 20.
• Displacement Ventilation: The classroom is served by 6 perforated displacement air panels mounted low on the wall.
• Air discharge velocity- less than 50fpm.
• Low Noise
• Outside Air is provided for the first 6’-0” above finish floor (AFF) in the occupant breathing zone, as opposed to cooling the entire room volume.
IECC 2009
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
INTERNAL LOADS
SKYLIGHTS• Reduced number of RTUs from 11 to 7.
• Designed unique skylight/building relief system over the existing roof curbs.
• 4 skylights provide natural light to the occupants below; reduce the lighting levels within the space and also provide the building relief air.
• Roof curb also houses motorized damper with a weather hood, which operates to maintain building pressurization.
• Relief of OA provided during normal operation or economizer operation. Also removes the heat trapped in the skylights
• Triple pane ultra high efficiency insulated glass, frosted- to provide diffuse light.
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Performance Rating Report
DESCRIPTION BASELINE ENERGY
PROPOSED ENERGY
PROPOSED OVER BASELINE
106 Btu/yr 106 Btu/yr % Energy SavingsLighting Energy 108.9 40.7 62%Space Cooling 187.929 172.172 8.3%Space Heating 0.272 2.009 -558.013%Fans-Indoor Ventilation
296.171 96.928 67.272%
Office Equipment 1022.672 738.261 27.810%
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
UTILITY REBATES
POWER USE REDUCTION : 40% Reduced HVAC
Loads 37% Reduced Lighting
Loads 47% Reduced Plumbing
Requirements
SRP PROGRAMS USED TO ACHIEVE REBATES• Prescriptive Mechanical
Measures• Custom Lighting
Measures• Prescriptive Lighting
Measures
Total Rebate - $7,148.91
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
UTILITY REBATES
Prescriptive Mechanical Measures :• Highest Available SEER Heat Pumps:
$2,484.38
Custom Mechanical Measures• Integrated Economizer on Heat Pumps:
$922.68• Demand Control Ventilation : $453.75• Daylighting : $1,108.80• Heat Pump Water Heater : $$88.00
Prescriptive Lighting Measures• LED Exit Lights• Occupancy Sensors• Photo/Daylight Sensors• Energy Efficient Lighting• Total Lighting Rebate: $2091.30
Estimated Annual Energy Savings• 55,000 KWh saved in the First Year• $6,050 Saved Annually*
* At $0.11/Kwh (SRP Design Rate for Custom Rebates)
Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement
Software Tools for ComplianceCOMcheck™
www.energycodes.gov
No-cost, easy-to-use software that will demonstrate compliance.
www.energycodes.gov/software.stm
Overview of Tool–Various Screen and Options–Compliance Methods–AreaCalc Spreadsheet–Reports
COMcheck™
COMcheck™ DOE’s commercial compliance software
(Windows or Mac version)
Desktop Software Tools Web-Based Tools
• For commercial buildings- can show compliance through the prescriptive approach, trade-off approach or the performance approach.
• COMcheck utilizes only the trade-off approach.
COMcheck™
DOE’s commercial compliance software
• Trade-off approach allows you to trade enhanced energy efficiency in one component against decreased energy efficiency in another component. These trade-offs typically occur within major building systems-envelope, lighting, or mechanical.
• Envelope
Example- trade decreased wall efficiency (lower R-value) for increased window efficiency (lower U-factor), or increase the roof insulation and reduce or eliminate slab-edge insulation.
• Lighting Systems- Trade-off between proposed lighting fixture wattages in various spaces within a building.
• Trade-off in Mechanical Systems- Mentioned in Chapter 5.Example- trade off higher cooling equipment efficiency against a requirement for an economizer.
COMcheck™
DOE’s commercial compliance software
1. Select the appropriate code from the Code Menu. 2. Project Screen: location, project type, building use, and project details
(optional).3. If building envelope compliance : Envelope Screen4. If lighting compliance is to be shown, enter all of the building's lighting
fixtures on the Lighting Screen.5. If mechanical compliance is to be shown, enter all of the HVAC system,
plant, and water-heating equipment on the Mechanical Screen. Note: Mechanical compliance isn't shown as a numerical index like Envelope and Lighting compliance. Rather, COMcheck reports a list of applicable code requirements based upon the equipment details entered by the user.
6. Save- File → Save or Save As to save the data file 7. Print- Use File → View/Print Report to review and/or print the applicable
compliance reports.8. Submit either a printed and signed compliance report (or emailed
report, File → Email Report) to the building department.
COMcheck™
DOE’s commercial compliance software
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck Compliance Verification
COMcheck™
DEMONSTRATION
Resources
Adopt, Implement, EnforceResources
Resources
• http://www.iccsafe.org• http://www.energycodes.gov• http://bcap-energy.org• http://www.naseo.org• http://www.eere.energy.gov• https://energycode.pnl.gov/REScheckWeb/• https://energycode.pnl.gov/COMcheckWeb/• http://resourcecenter.pnl.gov/cocoon/
morf/ResourceCenter
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