2009 iecc: commercial

The Energy Code WorkshopProfessionals: Architects, Engineers, DesignersCommercial Provisions of the 2009 IECC

International Energy Conservation Code

ASHRAE Standard 90.1

State and Locally Adopted Codes

Building Energy Codes

Energy Codes & Standards History of U.S. Commercial Energy Code

Baseline: IECC and ASHRAE 90.1

Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, ASHRAE 90.1 likely used

Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, either used to comply

IECC applies

Codes and Architecture

Increased insulation levels and efficient windows coupled with an efficient lighting system will reduce the heat loss from the building and heat gain from the lighting system.

Building Envelope

The energy code specifies the insulation levels in the floor, ceiling, and walls and requirements intended to seal the building against air leakage and moisture migration.

Heating, ventilating, and cooling

Energy codes providecriteria for the size and efficiency of HVAC systems and equipment.

Lighting and Electrical

The energy codes provideminimum criteria to supportefficient, effective lighting—and in commercial spaces—lighting controls.

Water Heating

Energy codes provideminimum criteria toeffectively heat anddeliver hot water.

Compliance…

Energy Code Enforcement and Compliance

Enforcement, or making sure that a building is in compliancewith an energy code, is the last step in the building process.

Structure of IECC

Chapter 1 AdministrativeChapter 2 DefinitionsChapter 3 Climate ZonesChapter 4 Residential Energy EfficiencyChapter 5 Commercial Energy EfficiencyChapter 6 Referenced Standards

Scope: IECC covers one- and two-family

residences ≤ 3 stories

All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial”

Includes additions, alterations, renovations and repairs

101.4

AdministrativeScope

Existing buildings (Section 101.4.1)– Electrical power, lighting, and mechanical systems still

apply Buildings designated as historic (Section 101.4.2)

AdministrativeExempted Buildings

101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2

Very low energy use buildings (<3.4 Btu/h-ft2 or 1 watt/ft2) (Section 101.5.2)

Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled (Section 101.5.2)

AdministrativeExempted Buildings

101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2

Code applies to any new construction

Unaltered portion(s) do not need to comply

Additions can comply alone or in combination with existing building

AdministrativeAdditions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs

101.4

Treat as a stand-alone “building” Additions must meet the prescriptive

requirements

AdministrativeAdditions

101.4.3

Conditioned Addition

ExistingBuilding

Treat Addition As Stand Alone

Building


ExistingBuilding

Treat Addition As Stand Alone

Building


ExistingBuilding

Demonstrate Compliance for Entire Building


ExistingBuilding

Demonstrate Compliance for Entire Building

Exceptions Storm windows over existing fenestration Glass-only replacements Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities if already filled with insulation Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity isn’t exposed Reroofing for roofs where neither sheathing nor insulation exposed

– Insulate above or below the sheathing• Roofs without insulation in the cavity• Sheathing or insulation is exposed

Lighting alterations if:– <50% of luminaries in a space are replaced– Only bulbs and ballasts within existing luminaries are replaced (provided installed

interior lighting power isn’t increased)

Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space is required to be brought into full compliance with code.

AdministrativeAdditions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs

101.4.3

Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code

AdministrativeSpace Conditioning

101.4.5

AdministrativeMixed Use Buildings

101.4.6

Are These Projects Considered Residential or Commercial?

Treat the residential occupancy under the applicable residential code

Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code

AdministrativeMixed Use Buildings

101.4.6

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Structure of IECC


Definitions Examples

• Air barrier – Materials “assembled and joined together”, a single material or combination of materials, i.e. sealants, acting as a system.

• Basement wall – “…enclosing conditioned space.” If unconditioned, is classified as a crawl space.

• Fenestration – includes skylights & doors.• U-value/R-value – Reciprocal values between transmittance and

resistance. Note that U-value includes air films. U-value is calculated through a “component or assembly”, and R-value through a “body”. 402.1.2 (components) and 402.1.3 (assembly) make the difference more clear. C-factor is very similar to U-value (surface to surface instead of air to air) and is used in SHGC calculations.

• F-factor – The perimeter heat loss factor for slab on grade floors (BTU/hft°F). Residential (building) –

Definitions Examples

• High-efficacy lamps – minimum lumens/watt requirement • Labeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC• IECC – For this code, includes R-3 buildings, as well as R-2

and R-4 buildings three stories or less in height above grade• Labeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC • ASHRAE 90.1 – Spaces in buildings used primarily for living

and sleeping. Residential spaces include, but are not limited to, dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, dormitories, nursing homes, patient rooms in hospitals, lodging houses, fraternity/sorority houses, hostels, prisons, and fire stations

Structure of IECC


General Requirements Climate Zones

Figure 301.1

CDD50°F – Interior base temperature = 50°F for CDD HDD65°F – Interior base temperature = 65°F for HDD

General Requirements Climate Zones

Table 301.3(2)

General Requirements Arizona Climate Zones

Fenestration product rating in accordance to NFRC 100

Labeled and certified by the manufacturer

Non-NFRC 100 rated fenestration

Use Default Glazed Fenestration U-factor Table

How Do You Meet the Requirement?

Additional Provisions: Fenestration U-Factor

303.1.3, Tables 303.1.3(1) and (2)

TABLE 303.1.3(1)DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION U-FACTOR

TABLE 303.1.3(2)DEFAULT DOOR U-FACTORS

Additional Provisions: Default U-Factors

Tables 303.1.3(1) and (2)

Commercial Structure of IECC


Definitions• Building Thermal Envelope – The basement walls, exterior

walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.

• Conditioned space – An area or room within a building being heated or cooled, containing uninsulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into an adjacent conditioned space.

• Thermal isolation – Physical and space conditioning separation from conditioned space(s). The conditioned spaces shall be controlled as separate zones for heating and cooled or conditioned by separate equipment.

Commercial Code Comparison: IECC 2003, 2006, 2009, & ASHRAE 90.1 2007

Mesa, AZ: Climate Zone 2B

Commercial Compliance Process

Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path

Must the Project Comply with the

IECC?

Comply with the Envelope

Requirements

Comply with the Mechanical/SWH

Requirements

Comply with the Lighting

Requirements

Section 502 90.1 Section 5 Sections 503 and 504 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9

Document Compliance with

the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection

Commercial Compliance Process: Envelope Requirements


Must the Project Comply with the

IECC?

Comply with the Envelope

Requirements

Comply with the Mechanical/SWH

Requirements


Requirements


Document Compliance with

the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection

CommercialCompliance

What are my Options for Complying with the IECC?Chapter 5 of the IECC General Prescriptive Approach

Use for ≤ 40% of gross wall area in vertical fenestration

Use for ≤ 3% of gross roof area in skylights

ORSection 506 Total Building Performance Approach

502 & 506

Commercial Thermal Envelope

Roof/Ceiling Assembly

Wall Assembly Vertical Fenestration

and Skylights

Floor Assembly Slab Edge Below Grade Wall

Assembly

Commercial Thermal Envelope

Tables separated by occupancy type Group R occupancies use “Group R” high rise column Non-Group R occupancies use “All other” column

Tables 502.1. & 502.1.2(1)

Window and door assemblies Curtain wall, storefront glazing & commercial entrance doors Sealing of the building envelope Outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings Loading dock weather-seals Vestibules Recessed lighting

502.4

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Air Leakage

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Building Envelope Sealing

All penetrations, openings, joints and seams in the building envelope must be sealed. Materials that can be used include:

Caulking Gasketing Tapes Moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material

Sealing materials spanning joints between dissimilar materials must allow for expansion and contraction

Photo courtesy of Ken Baker, K energy

502.4.3

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Outdoor Air Intakes & Exhaust Openings

Buildings ≥ 3 stories in height above grade

Class 1 motorized leakage-rated damper– Maximum leakage rate ≤

4cfm /ft2 @ 1.0 inch w.g.Buildings < 3 stories in height

Gravity (non-motorized) allowed

502.4.5

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Weatherseals

Equip cargo doors and loading dock doors with weatherseals

Goal is to restrict infiltration

502.4.6

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Vestibules

Required to reduce infiltration into spaces

Required on entrance doors leading into spaces ≥ 3,000 ft2

Doors must have self-closing devices

Exceptions– Buildings in Climate Zones 1 and 2– Doors from a guest room or

dwelling unit– Revolving doors– Doors used primarily for vehicular

movement, material handling and adjacent personnel doors

ConditionedSpace 3000 FT2

Vestibule

Self Closing Doors

Exterior Doors

ConditionedSpace 3000 FT2

Vestibule

Self Closing Doors

Exterior Doors

502.4.7

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Recessed Lighting

All recessed luminaires installed in the building envelope Type IC rated and sealed

with gasket or caulk between housing and interior wall or ceiling covering

Type IC rated and labeled in accordance with ASTM E 283 to allow ≤ 2.0 cfm of air movement from conditioned space to ceiling cavity

502.4.8

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Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive

Table 502.1.2

Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive

Table 502.2(1)

Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value & U-FactorRoof R-values and U-factor requirements are based on

assembly type / insulation placement Insulation entirely above

deckMetal buildingsAttic and other

502.2.1 (R-Value); 502.1.2 (U-Factor)

Insulation considered continuous (CI)

Insulation thickness can vary ≤ 1” and area weighted U-factor meets the requirements of Table 502.2(1)

Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value: Insulation Completely Above Deck

Table 502.2(1)

Climate Zone 1 2 3

4Except Marine

5And

Marine 46 7 8

Insulation entirely above deck

R-15ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-20ci

R-25ci

R-25ci

R-25ci

R-25ci

Metal buildings (with R-5 thermal blocks)

R-19 R-19R-

13+R-13

R-13+R-13

R-13+R-13

R-19R-

13+R-13

R-19R-

13+R-13

R-19R-

13+R-19

R-19R-

13+R-19

R-19+R-19

R-11+R-19

R-19+R-10

Attic and other R-30 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-38 R-49 R-49

ROOFS

Commercial Thermal Envelope Prescriptive Approach: Compliance

Table 502.2(1)

Thermal Blocks

Insulation Draped Over Purlin

Insulation Parallel to Purlin

Picture from NAIMAThermal Blocks

Insulation Draped Over Purlin

Insulation Parallel to Purlin

Picture from NAIMA

R-5 thermal blocks required on all metal buildings or must use U-factor Compliance Method

Climate Zones 2-8 require two layers of insulation for “all other”

CZ 2-5 and marine 4: R-13+R-13 CZ 6-7: R-13+R-19 CZ 8: R-11+R-19

Example (R-13+R-19):– R-13 draped perpendicularly to the purlins– R-19 running parallel to the purlins

supported by the R-13

Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value: Metal Buildings

Table 502.2(1)

Install insulation between framing R-38 in most Climate Zones R-30 in Climate Zones 1 and R-49 in Climate

Zone 8

Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value: Ceilings with Attic Spaces

Table 502.2(1)

Climate Zone 1 2 3 4

Except Marine5

And Marine 4 6 7 8

Mass NR R-5.7ci

R-5.7ci

R-7.6ci

R-7.6ci

R-9.5ci

R-9.5ci

R-11.4ci

R-20ci

R-13.3ci

R-13.3ci

R-15.2ci

R-15.2ci

R-15.2ci

R-25ci

R-25ci

Metal building R-

16 R-16 R-16 R-16 R-19 R-19 R-19 R-19R-

13+5.6ci

R-13+5.6ci

R-13+5.6ci

R-13+5.6CI

R-19+5.6CI

R-19+5.6CI

R-19+5.6CI

R-19+5.6CI

Metal Framed R-

13 R-13R-

13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+3.8ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.;5ci

R-13+7.5cfi

R-13+15.6ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+18.8

ci

Wood Framed & Other

R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13=

3.8ciR-

13+3.8ci

R-13+3.8ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+7.5ci

R-13+15.6

ci

R-13+15.6

ci

WALLS, ABOVE GRADE


Table 502.2(1)

Walls weighing at least 35 lbs/ft2 of wall surface area

OR

25 lbs/ft2 of wall surface area if material weight is ≤ 120 lb/ft3

Commercial Thermal Envelope Wall R-Value: Mass Walls

502.2.3, Table 502.2(1)

Climate Zones 1 (Group R) and 2 (all other) – Can use integral insulation instead of R-5.7 ci

Concrete block walls must comply with ASTM C 90, and

Ungrouted or partially grouted @ 32 inch. o.c. or less vertically or 48 inch. o.c. or less horizontally, and

Ungrouted cells must be filled with insulation material ≤ of 0.44 Btu-in./h-ft2 F

Climate Zone 1 “all other” No insulation required for mass walls

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mass Walls: Concrete Masonry Units

Table 502.2(1)

Climate Zone

R-Value

1-2 R-163-4 except

MarineR-19

Marine 4-6 R-13+R-5.6ci7-8 R-19+R-5.6ci

Commercial Thermal Envelope Metal Building Walls

Table 502.2(2)

Cavity insulation or cavity plus continuous (ci)

Continuous insulation not broken up by framing members e.g. rigid board insulation

Commercial Thermal Envelope Wall R-Value: Wood, Metal Frame, & Other

Table 502.2(1)

What is a below grade wall?Basement or first-story

walls ≥ 85% below grade

Insulation must extend down 10 ft from the outside finished grade level or to the level of the floor, whichever is less

Heated slabs installed below grade (Table 502.2(1) footnote d)

Below grade walls must meet exterior insulation requirements for perimeter insulation according to heated slab-on-grade construction

Commercial Thermal Envelope Below Grade Walls

502.2.4, Table 502.2(1) footnote d

Photo courtesy of Dow Building Solutions

Climate Zone 1 2 3

4Except Marine

5And

Marine 46 7 8

Below grade wall

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

R-7.5ci

R-7.5ci

R-7.5ci

R-7.5ci

R-7.5ci

R-7.5ci

R-10ci

R-7.5ci

R-12.5ci


Table 502.2(1), 502.2.4

WALLS, BELOW GRADE

Joist/Framing (Steel/Wood)

Insulation installed between framing

Mass Floors Materials weighing (of

floor surface area)35 lbs/ft2, or

25 lbs/ft2 if material weight is ≤ 12 lbs/ft3

Insulation installed continuously

Steel Floor Joist Systems (footnoted to Table 502.2(1))

R-38 in Climate Zones 6-8

Commercial Thermal Envelope Floors over Outdoor Air or Unconditioned Space

502.2.5

Climate Zone 1 2 3

4Except Marine

5And Marine

46 7 8

Mass NR

NR

R-6.3ci

R-8.3ci

R-6.3ci

R-8.3ci

R-10ci

R-10.4ci

R-10ci

R-12.5ci

R-12.5ci

R-14.6ci

R-15ci

R-16.7ci

R-15ci

R-16.7ci

Joist/FramingSteel/(Wood)

NR

NR R-19 R-30 R-19 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30 R-30


Table 502.2(1), 502.2.5

FLOORS

Climate Zone 1 2 3

4Except Marine

5And Marine 4 6 7 8

Unheated Slabs NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

R-10 for24 in. below

NRR-10 for 24 in. below

R-10 for 24 in. below


R-15 for 24. in. below




HeatedSlabs

R-7.5 for12 in. below




R-10 for24 in below












SLAB-ON GRADE FLOORS


Table 502.2(1), 502.2.6

Unheated slab – insulation required:

“All Other” in Climate Zones 6-8

“Group R” in Climate Zones 4-8

Heated slabs – insulation required in all Climate Zones

Commercial Thermal Envelope Slab-on-Grade

502.2.6

Climate

Zone1 2 3

4Except Marine

5And

Marine 46 7 8

Swinging

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.70

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

Roll-Up OrSliding

U-1.45

U-1.45

U-1.45

U-1.45

U-1.45

U-1.45

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50

U-0.50


Table 502.2(1), 502.2.7

OPAQUE DOORS

Doors having < 50% glass area

Swinging doors Meet U-factor requirement

Roll-up or sliding doors Climate zones 1 - 3: U-

factor-1.45 Climate zones 4 including

Marine - 8: U-factor-0.50

Commercial Thermal Envelope Opaque Doors

502.2.7

Commercial Thermal Envelope Mandatory: Fenestration

Table 502.3, 502.3

Percentage of Vertical Fenestration Area to Gross Wall Area Allowed up to 40%

maximum of above grade wall

Commercial Thermal Envelope Vertical Fenestration Requirement

502.3.1 – Prescriptive (Max Area)

Based on above-grade wall area (gross) Includes walls between conditioned space and

unconditioned space or the great outdoors• Includes walls that are > 15% above grade

Total fenestration area (includes frame and glazing) Does not include opaque door area

Commercial Thermal Envelope Vertical Fenestration Requirement

502.3.1

Limited to ≤ 3% of Roof Area U-factor and SHGC Based NFRC 100 Rating for U-factor or Default Table No SHGC requirements in Climate Zones 7-8

Commercial Thermal Envelope Skylight U-Factor / SHGC

502.3.1 Prescriptive (Max Area), 502.3.2, Table 502.3

Framing Materials Other Than Metal w/ or w/o metal reinforcement or cladding

Includes vinyl and wood frame products or other non-metal frames

Typically manufactured fenestration products

Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor

502.3.2

By definition:

Fenestration products used to create an external nonload-bearing wall that is designed to separate the exterior and interior environments

Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor: Curtain Wall

502.4.2

Storefront Entrance Door

Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor: Storefront

502.4.2

Includes operable windows, fixed windows and non-entrance doors


Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration U-Factor: All Other

502.4.1

Two Options for Meeting the SHGC Requirements Fenestration product rated and labeled to NFRC 200, or Select default from Table 303.1.3(3)

TABLE 303.1.3(3)DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGC

Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration SHGC Requirements

Table 303.1.3(3)

The Effect of Overhangs on Fenestration SHGC Overhangs allow a higher SHGC

product to be installed Projection factor must be

calculated

Commercial Thermal Envelope Fenestration SHGC Requirements

502.3.2

What is Solar Heat Gain Coefficient? “The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through

the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation.”

Commercial Thermal Envelope Glazed Fenestration SHGC

502.3.2, Table 502.3

Two Options for Meeting the SHGC Requirements Fenestration product rated and labeled to NFRC 200, or Select default from Table 303.1.3(3)

Dropped CeilingDropped Ceiling

Insulation placed on Suspended Ceiling with Removable Ceiling Tiles

Will not count for code compliance

Will not comply with Section 502.4.3 – “Sealing of the building envelope”

Commercial Thermal Envelope Roof R-Value

502.2.1

Commercial Compliance Process: Mechanical / SWH

Must the Project Comply with the IECC?

Comply with the Envelope Requirements

Comply with the

Mechanical/SWH

Requirements


Requirements


Document Compliance

with the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection


Only Four Sections:

What Provisions of the Code Apply (503.1)

Mandatory Provisions (503.2)

PLUS Simple HVAC Systems and

Equipment (503.3)

OR Complex HVAC Systems and

Equipment (503.4)

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems

Section 503

Simple systems Unitary or

packaged HVAC equipment

Serves one zone and controlled by a single thermostat

Buildings served by unitary or packaged

HVAC each serving 1 zone controlled by 1

thermostat. Two-pipe heating systems serving

multiple zones are included if no cooling

system is installed [Tables 503.2.3(1)

through 503.2.3(5)]

Section 503.3 Simple

Systems

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple vs. Complex Systems

503.3, Tables 503.2.3(1) through 502.2.3(5)

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple System

Simple Systems

Complex systemsAll equipment not covered under

Section 503.3 Simple Systems

Section 503.4

Complex Systems

All buildings served by HVAC systems

not covered under 503.3

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple vs. Complex Systems

503.4, 503.3

Complex Systems

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Complex Systems

This section applies to all HVAC equipment and systems not included in Section 503.3

Complex Systems Packaged VAV reheat Built-up VAV reheat Built-up single-fan, dual-duct VAV Built-up or packaged dual-fan, dual-duct VAV Four-pipe fan coil system with central plant Water Source heat pump with central plant Any other multiple-zone system Hydronic space heating and cooling system

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Complex HVAC Systems & Equip.

503.4 Prescriptive

Provisions Applicable to ALL Mechanical Systems Duct and Plenum

Insulation and Sealing Piping Insulation HVAC System

Completion Air System Design and

Control Motor Nameplate

Horsepower Heating Outside a

Building

HVAC Load Calculations Equipment and System

Sizing HVAC Equipment

Performance Requirements HVAC System Controls Ventilation Energy Recovery

Ventilation Systems

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Mandatory Provisions

503.2

Applies to all equipment used in heating and cooling of buildings

Where components from different manufacturers are used

• calculations & supporting data demonstrating combined efficiency meets requirements

Must comply with all listed efficiencies

Exception Water-cooled centrifugal water-chilling packages

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: HVAC Performance

503.2.3 Mandatory Minimum Efficiency Requirements

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Mandatory

Table 503.2.3(2)

Commercial BuildingMechanical Systems: Mandatory

Table 503.2.3(2)

Heating and cooling load sizing calculations required ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183 Other approved computation procedures –

defined in Chapter 3• Exterior design conditions

– Specified by ASHRAE• Interior design conditions

– Specified by Section 302 of the IECC• ≤ 72oF for heating load• ≥ 75oF for cooling load

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: HVAC Load Calculations

503.2.1 Mandatory

Output capacity SHALL NOT exceed sizing Select the system which serves the greater load,

heating or cooling– Exceptions

• Standby Equipment with Required Controls• Multiple Units with Combined Capacities Exceeding

Loads– Sequencing Controls Required

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Equipment & Sizing Systems

503.2.2 Mandatory

Control required for each system if zoned for each zone

Commercial Building System Controls

503.2.4 Mandatory

Thermostats must have at least a 5°F dead band

Exception• Thermostats requiring

manual change over between heating and cooling

Commercial Building System Controls

Automatic time clock or programmable systemExceptions

• Zones operated continually• Zones with full HVAC load demand <6,800 Btu/h and has

a readily accessible shut off switch

Thermostatic setback capabilitiesCapability to maintain zone temps down to 55ºF

or up to 85ºF

Automatic setback and shutdown

Commercial System Controls Off Hour

503.2.4.3 Mandatory

Motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the system or spaces are not in use.

Exceptions• Gravity dampers permitted in buildings < 3 stories• Gravity dampers permitted for buildings of any height

located in Climate Zones 1-3• Gravity dampers permitted for outside air intake or

exhaust airflows of 300 cfm (0.14m3/s) or less.

Commercial System Controls Shut-Off Dampers

503.2.4.4 Mandatory

Heat pump systemsHeat pump thermostat

required when supplying electric resistance heating

Control must prevent supplemental heat demand when heat pump can meet the heating load.

• Except during defrost

Commercial Building System Controls: Heat Pump Systems

503.2.4.1.1 Mandatory

Snow- and ice-melting systems, supplied through energy service to the building, shall include

automatic controls capable of shutting off the system when the pavement temperature is above 50°F (10°C) and no precipitation is falling

an automatic or manual control that will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F (4°C) so that the potential for snow or ice accumulation is negligible


Commercial System Controls Snow Melt System

503.2.4.5 Mandatory

DCV must be provided for each zone with spaces > 500 ft² and the average occupant load > 40 people/1000 ft² of floor area where the HVAC system has:

An air-side economizer, Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air damper,

or A design outdoor airflow > 3,000 cfmDemand control ventilation (DCV): a ventilation system

capability that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design occupancy.

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Demand Control Ventilation

503.2.5.1 Mandatory

Exceptions: Systems with energy recovery per 503.2.6 Multiple zone systems without direct digital

control of single zones communicating with central control panel

Systems with design outdoor airflow < 1,200 cfm Spaces where supply airflow rate minus any

makeup or outgoing transfer air requirement < 1,200 cfm

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Demand Control Ventilation

503.2.5.1 Mandatory

Applies to individual fan systems with Design supply air capacity ≥ 5,000 cfm Minimum outside air supply of ≥ 70% of design supply

air quantityExhaust air recovery efficiency must be ≥ 50%

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Energy Recovery Ventilation

503.2.6 Mandatory

Exceptions: Where energy recovery ventilation systems prohibited by the

IMC Lab fume hood system with at least one of the following:

– VAV hood exhaust and room supply systems capable of reducing exhaust and makeup air volume to ≤ 50% of design values

– Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply equal to at least 75% of exhaust rate, heated no warmer than 2ºF below room setpoint, cooled to no cooler than 3ºF above room setpoint, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling use for dehumidification control

Systems serving uncooled spaces and heated to < 60ºF Where > 60% of outdoor heating energy is from site-recovered

or site solar energy Heating systems in climates < 3,600 HDD Cooling systems in climates with a 1% cooling design wet-bulb

temperature < 64ºF Systems requiring dehumidification that employ series-style

energy recovery coils wrapped around the cooling coil

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Energy Recovery Ventilation

503.2.6 Mandatory

Insulation required for supply and return ducts and plenums

Located in unconditioned space – minimum R5

Located outside the building - minimum R8

Exceptions When located within

equipment When design temperature

difference between interior and exterior of the duct or plenum doesn’t exceed 15ºF

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Duct & Plenum Insulation & Sealing

503.2.7 Mandatory

FLUID

NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER

≤ 1.5” ≥ 1.5”

Steam 1 ½ 3

Hot water 1 ½ 2

Chilled water, brine or refrigerant

1 ½ 1 ½

All piping serving heating or cooling system must be insulated in accordance with Table 503.2.8

Minimum Pipe Insulation(thickness in inches)

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Piping Insulation

503.2.8 Mandatory, Table 503.2.8

Exceptions: Piping internal to HVAC equipment (including

fan coil units) factory installed and tested Piping for fluid in temperature range

– 55 < temp < 105°F Piping for fluid not heated or cooled by

electricity or fossil fuels Runout piping ≤ 4’ in length and 1” in diameter

between the control valve and HVAC coil

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Piping Insulation

503.2.8 Mandatory

Ducts designed to operate at static pressures ≤ 2 in. wg

Securely fastened and sealedExceptions

• When located within equipment• Design temperature difference between interior and

exterior of duct or plenum <15°F

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Low & Med. Pressure Duct Systems

503.2.7.1 & 503.2.7.2 Mandatory

Ducts designed to operate at static pressures > 3 in. wg to be leak tested in accordance with SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual

Air leakage rate ≤ 6.0CL = F x P0.65

• Where– F = leakage rate per 100 sf of duct surface area– P = test condition static pressure

Must test ≥ 25% of the duct area and meet the requirements

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: High Pressure Duct Systems

503.2.7.1.3 Mandatory

Air System BalancingHydronic System BalancingManuals

– Equipment Capacity and Required Maintenance

– Equipment O & M Manuals – HVAC System Control Maintenance and

Calibration Information– Written Narrative of Each System Operation

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: HVAC System Completion

503.2.9 Mandatory

• 503.2.11 – Systems installed outside buildings shall be radiant systems, with occupancy systems or timers.

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Outside Buildings

Unitary or packaged, single zone controlled by a single thermostat in the zone served.

Simple Systems Unitary packaged heating and cooling

systems Split system heating and cooling systems Packaged terminal A/C and HPs Fuel-fired furnace Electrical resistance heating Two-pipe heating systems w/o cooling

Commercial Building Mech. Systems: Simple HVAC Systems & Equipment

503.3

Must include economizers dependent on climate zone Capable of providing 100-percent outdoor air even if

additional mechanical cooling is required (integrated economizer)

Must provide a means to relieve excess outdoor air

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Simple HVAC Systems & Equipment

503.3

• Economizer, Air – A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather.

• Economizer, Water – A system where the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with water what is itself cooled by heat of mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical cooling.

Commercial Definitions

CLIMATE ZONES ECONOMIZER REQUIREMENT

1A, 1B, 2A, 7, 8 No requirement

2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B

Economizers on cooling systems ≥ 54,000 Btu/ha

a The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed 480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20 percent of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater

Table 503.3.1(1)

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Economizers

503.3.1, Table 503.3.1(1)

CLIMATE ZONES COOLING EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT (EER OR IPLV)

2B 10% Efficiency Improvement



Trade-off high cooling efficiency for economizerTable 503.3.1(2)

Two Exceptions

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Economizers

503.3.1, Table 503.3.1(2)

Individual dual duct or mixing reheating and cooling systems with a single fan and with total capacities > 90,000 Btu/h (7.5 tons) should not have economizers

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Single Fan Dual Duct & Mixing VAV Systems, Economizers

503.4.5.3

Maximum fan power requirements Applies to HVAC systems with total fan system power > 5 hp Each HVAC system at design conditions can not exceed allowable fan system motor

nameplate hp (Option 1) or fan system bhp (Options 2) in Table 503.2.10.1(1)

TABLE 503.2.10.1.1(1) FAN POWER LIMITATION

bhp = brake horsepower

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Air System Design & Control

503.2.10 Mandatory, Table 503.2.10.1(1)

• Fan System BHP – The sum of the fan brake horsepower of all fans that are required to operate a fan system design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.


BHP option includes adjustment “adders” certain devices

Table 503.2.10.1(2)

DEVICE ADJUSTMENT Credits

Fully ducted return and/or exhaust air systems 0.5 in w.c.

Return and/or exhaust air flow control devices 0.5 in w.c Exhaust filters, scrubbers, or other exhaust treatment.

The pressure drop of device calculated at fan system design condition.

Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 9 thru 12 0.5 in w.c.

Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 13 thru 15 0.9 in w.c. Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 16 and greater and electronically enhanced filters

Pressure drop calculated at 2x clean filter pressure drop at fan system design condition.

Carbon and Other gas-phase air cleaners

Clean filter pressure drop at fan system design condition.

Heat Recovery Device Pressure drop of device at fan system design condition.

Evaporative Humidifier/Cooler in series with another cooling coil

Pressure drop of device at fan system design conditions

Sound Attenuation Section 0.15 in w.c. Deductions

Fume hood exhaust exception -1.0 in w.c.

Fan Power Limitation Drop Adjustment

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Allowable Fan Motor Horsepower

503.2.10 Mandatory

ExceptionsHospital and laboratory systems using

flow control devices on exhaust and/or return for health and safety or environmental control permitted to use variable fan power limitation

Individual exhaust fans ≤ 1 hpFans exhausting air from fume hoods

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Allowable Fan Motor Horsepower

503.2.10.1 Mandatory

Selected fan motor to be no larger than first available motor size greater than bhp

Fan bhp on design documents

Exceptions Fans < 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than

bhp has nameplate rating within 50% of bhp, next larger nameplate motor size may be selected

Fans ≥ 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than bhp has nameplate rating within 30% of bhp, next larger nameplate motor size may be selected

bhp = brake horsepower

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Motor Nameplate Horsepower

503.2.10.2 Mandatory

• Energy Recovery Ventilation System – Systems that employ air-to-air heat exchangers to recover energy form exhaust air for the purposes of preheating, precooling, humidifying, or dehumidifying outdoor ventilation air prior to supplying the air to a space, either directly or as part of an HVAC system.

• Variable Air Volume (VAV) – HVAC system that controls the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled supply air to the space. (ASHRAE)


Have to be radiant systems

Controlled by an occupancy sensing device or timer switch

System is automatically de-energized when no occupants are present.

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Heating Outside a Building

503.2.11 Mandatory

System ≥ 300,000 Btu/h must includeTemperature reset or variable flow

• Automatic resets for supply water temperature by at least 25% of design supply-to-return temperature differences or

• Reduce system pump flow by 50% of design flow using

– Multiple Staged Pumps– Adjustable Speed Drives– Control Valves that modulate as a function of load

503.4.3.4

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Hydronic Water Loop Heat Pump Systems

Cooling systems can’t use unless system designed with multiple steps of unloading OR Continuous capacity modulation

Capacity limited per Table 502.4.4Exception

Unitary packaged systems with cooling capacities < 90,000 Btu/h

Rated CapacityMaximum Hot Gas Bypass Capacity

(% of total capacity)≤ 240,000 Btu/h 50%

> 240,000 Btu/h 25%

Commercial Building Mechanical Systems: Hot Gas Bypass

503.4.7 Mandatory, Table 503.4.7

Table 504.2 Minimum Performance of Water-Heating Equipment

Water Heater Types Covered• Electric Storage• Gas and Oil Storage• Instantaneous Water Heaters – Gas

and Oil• Hot water boilers – gas and oil• Pool heaters• Unfired storage tanks

Temperature Controls (504.3)Heat Traps (504.4)

Commercial Building Service Water Heating

504 Mandatory, Table 504.2

Non-circulating system insulation requirements First eight feet of outlet piping on systems with no

integral heat traps 1/2 inch of insulation required

Circulating systems 1 inch of insulation

Commercial BuildingService Water Heating: Pipe Insulation

504.5

Ability to turn off circulating hot water pumps and heat trace tape when the system is not in operation

Automatically or manually

Commercial BuildingService Water Heating: System Controls

504.6

Pool heaters (504.7.1) Readily accessible on-off switch Natural gas or LPG fired pool heaters will not have

continuously burning pilot lights

Time switches (504.7.2) Automatic controls required to operate pool heaters and

pumps on a preset schedule Exceptions

• Where public health standards require 24 hour operation• Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat

recovery pool heating systems

Commercial BuildingPool Requirements

504.7

Heated pools required to have a pool cover Pool cover must be vapor retardant

Pools heated to over 90oF Minimum R-12 insulation

Exception Pools deriving > 60% energy for heating from site-

recovered energy or solar source

Commercial BuildingPool Requirements: Pool Covers

504.7.3

Must the Project Comply with the IECC?

Comply with the Envelope Requirements

Comply with the

Mechanical/SWH

Requirements


Requirements


Document Compliance

with the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection


IECC Section 506

Building PerformanceMethod

Commercial BuildingIntroduction to the Energy Compliance Process

Commercial Lighting Requirements When do the Requirements Apply?

Original Installed Lighting System in a New Building, Addition, or Tenant Build-out

Existing Lighting System that is Altered Change in Occupancy that Increases Energy Change in Occupancy that requires less LPD as shown in table 505.3.2Exceptions:

– Historic buildings• State or National listing• Eligible to be listed

– Alterations where less than 50% of the luminaires in a space are replaced and installed interior power lighting is not increased

– Lighting within dwelling units• Where ≥ 50% of permanently installed fixtures include high-efficacy

lamps

101

Mandatory Interior Lighting requirements Required Controls Wattage/Efficiency Limits

Interior Lighting Power Allowances (watts/ft2)

Exterior Lighting Controls Required Controls Lamp Efficiency

Exterior Lighting Power Allowances (watts/ft2)

Electric Metering

Commercial Lighting Requirements What’s Covered?

505 Mandatory

Lamp Wattage Efficacy> 40 watts 60 lumens/watt15-40 watts 50 lumens/watt< 15 watts 40 lumens/watt

Defined in the 2009 IECC as: Compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent

lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy based on lamp wattage

Commercial Interior Lighting Control High-Efficacy Lights

202

Independent Lighting Control required for each space surrounded by floor-to-ceiling partitions

Must be located in the space served, - OR -

Switched from a remote location• Must have indicator that identifies

the lights served and their status (off or on)

Exemptions• Security or emergency areas that

must be continuously lighted• Lighting in stairways or corridors

that are elements of the means of egress

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Basic Control

505.2

Light Reduction Controls must allow the occupant to reduce connected lighting

By at least 50% In a reasonably uniform

illumination pattern

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Light Reduction

505.2.2.1

Controlling all lamps or luminaires Dual switching of alternate rows of luminaires, alternate luminaires

or lamps Switching middle lamp luminaires independently from the outer

lamps Each luminaire or each lamp

SS

Dimmer SwitchD

Alternating Luminaires

Dimming

SS

Alternating Lamps

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Light Reduction Control Options

505.2.2.1

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Potential Savings

Light Reduction Control Not required for the following:

Areas with only one luminaire

Areas controlled by occupancy sensor

Corridors, storerooms, restrooms or public lobbies

Sleeping unitsSpaces with <0.6 w/ft2

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Light Reduction Exemptions

505.2.2.1

Automatic lighting shutoff control device required in all buildings larger than 5,000 ft2

Building Defined: “Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or

occupancy”Building area surrounded by exterior walls and fire walls

Exempted spacesSleeping unitsLighting for patient careWhen an automatic shutoff would endanger occupant safety or security

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Automatic Shutoff

505.2.2.2

1. Control lights on a scheduled basis (automatic time switch)• Time-of-day controller• Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2 and

not more than one floor, or

2. Occupant sensor• Turn lights off within 30

minutes of occupant leaving the space

3. Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is unoccupied

Office

Occupancy Sensor

ConferenceRoom

Restrooms

Lobby

Connect to Lighting in Lobby

Open Bay Office

Connect to Lighting in Open Bay Office

Automatic Lighting Control

110’

50’

Automatic Lighting Shutoff Compliance Options

Courtesy Britt-Makela Group

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Automatic Shutoff Options

505.2.2.2

Readily accessible Within view of the lights or area controlled Manually operated ≤ 2 hour override

– The override allows lighting to remain on no more than 2 hours when override is initiated

Controls an area ≤ 5,000 ft2

Exemptions– Can be over 2 hour override in malls and arcades, auditoriums,

single-tenant retail space, industrial facilities and arenas when using captive key override

– Override in malls and arcades, auditoriums, single-tenant retail space, industrial facilities and arenas can cover up to 20,000 ft2

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Occupant Override

505.2.2.2.1

Feature that turns off all loads for 24 hours then resumes the normally scheduled operationExceptions

Retail stores and associated mallsRestaurantsGrocery storesPlaces of religious worshipTheaters

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Holiday Scheduling

505.2.2.2.2

Daylight Zones Must have individual control of the lights independent of general area lighting

Contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical fenestration Can be controlled by a single controlling device if the zone doesn’t include areas

facing more than two adjacent orientations (i.e., north, east, south, west)

Daylight zones under skylights > 15 ft from the perimeter Must be controlled separately from daylight zones adjacent to vertical

fenestration

Exception Daylight spaces 1) enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions and 2) containing

two or fewer light fixtures • not required to have a separate switch for general area lighting

Note: required controls may be manual or automatic

Commercial Building Daylight Zone Control Requirements

505.2.2.3

The daylight zone depth is assumed to be 15 feet into the space or to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition, whichever is lessThe daylight zone width is assumed to be: the width of the window plus 2

feet on each side, or the window width plus distance

to opaque partitions, or the window width plus one-half

the distance to adjacent skylight or vertical fenestration, whichever is least.

Commercial Daylight Zone Definition Adjacent to Vertical Fenestration

505.2.2.3

The area under skylights whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is equal to the skylight dimension plus the smaller of:

The floor-to-ceiling height, or The distance to a ceiling height opaque partition, or One-half the distance to adjacent skylights or vertical fenestration

(whichever is least)

Commercial Daylight Zone Definition Under Skylights

505.2.2.3

Standard Room Suite

$$

$$

$$

$$

$$$$

$$

$$$$

$$

Applies to hotels, motels, boarding houses, or similar Master switch required at each room or main room entry Must control all permanently wired luminaires or switched receptacles

Exceptions: bathrooms

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Sleeping Unit Lighting Control

505.2.3

For dusk-to-dawn lighting: astronomical time switch or photosensor For all other: astronomical time switch OR

photosensor + time switch All time switches must have at least 10 hour battery

backup

Commercial Exterior Lighting Control Requirements

505.2.4

Tandem Wiring for all Odd Numbered Lamp Configurations Exceptions

Where electronic high frequency ballasts are used

Luminaires on emergency circuits

Luminaires with no available pair in the same area

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Tandem Wiring

505.3 Mandatory

Exit Signs Internally illuminated exit signs shall not

exceed 5 watts per side

Commercial Interior Lighting Control Exit Lights

505.4

Sum the wattage of all proposed connected lighting power

This must include all lighting that is part of the design for the space including:

Overhead lighting Task lighting Decorative lighting

Commercial Lighting Requirements Connected Interior Lighting Power Calculation

505.5.1

Connected Interior Lighting Power must not exceed Interior Lighting Power Allowance

1. Calculate Interior Lighting Power Allowance• Building Area type allowance• Additional allowances

2. Calculate proposed connected lighting power• Wattage calculation “rules”• Exempted lighting

3. Compare values: proposed wattage must be less than or equal to allowed wattage

Commercial Lighting Requirements Interior Lighting Power Limits

505.5

Connected power for following not included in calculations: Professional sports arena playing field Sleeping unit lighting Emergency lighting automatically off during normal building

operation Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants

with special lighting needs including visual impairment and other medical and age related issues

Lighting in interior spaces specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark

Casino gaming areas Lighting equipment used for the following exempt if in

addition to general lighting and controlled by an independent control device

• Task lighting for medical and dental procedures• Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums and

monuments

Commercial Exterior Lighting Exemptions to Proposed Lighting Power Calculation

505.5.1

Theatrical, stage, film, and video production Used for photographic processes Integral to equipment or instrumentation installed by

manufacturer Plant growth or maintenance Advertising or directional signage Food warming and food prep equipment (in restaurant

bldgs & areas) Lighting equipment that is for sale Lighting demonstration equipment in lighting education

facilities Approved because of safety or emergency

considerations, exclusive of exit lights Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and

freezer cases In retail display windows when the display is enclosed by

ceiling-height partitions Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting controlled

by automatic shutoff

Commercial Exterior LightingExemptions to Proposed Lighting Power Calculation

505.5.1

Building Area TypeNote: Alternate standard

ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 provides whole building and space-by-space options

Table 505.5.2

Commercial Interior Lighting Power Allowance

505.5.2

First, choose an appropriate “Building Area Type” from the allowance table (505.5.2)

“Building Area” includes all spaces that are associated with that business or function type.

For example a space with:• Corridors,• Restrooms,• A lobby, and• Office space

…would be considered an Office Building Area Type

Then...multiply the lighting power density (W/ft2) by the total building square footage to get allowed watts for compliance

Commercial Interior Lighting Power Allowance Calculation

505.5.2

Office: 200,000 ft2

1.0 W/ft2 = 200,000 W

Table 505.5.2

Commercial Interior Lighting Example: Office

Table 505.5.2

A 200,000 ft2 office building that contains corridor, restrooms, break rooms and a lobby is given 1.0 W/ft2 for the entire building

How is an allowance determined if the building has more than one Building Area Type?

Example – A building contains the following area types• Museum: 40,000 ft2

• Retail 5,000 ft2

• Cafeteria: 10,000 ft2

Use the more specific building area type where more than one area type exists in the buildingSum the individual (lighting power density x area square footage) values for Total Power Allowance

Commercial Interior LightingPower Allowance for Multiple Occupancy Building

505.5.2

Cafeteria:10,000 ft2

at 1.4 W/ft2 = 14,000 W Museum: 40,000 ft2

at 1.1 W/ft2 = 44,000 W

Retail: 5,000 ft2

at 1.5 W/ft2 = 7,500 W

Total watts allowed = 65,500 W

Table 505.5.2

Commercial Interior Lighting Example: Multiple Occupancy Building

505.5.2

Lighting wattage must be calculated in accordance with Section 505.5.1

Screw lamp holders: maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire Low voltage lighting: transformer wattage Line voltage track:

1. specified wattage with minimum of 30 W/linear ft OR2. wattage limit of system’s circuit breaker OR3. wattage limit of other permanent current limiting devices

Other: manufacturer’s rated wattage of lamp and associated ballast

Commercial Exterior Lighting Connected Lighting Calculation

505.6 Mandatory

Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts + (Retail Area 1 x 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 2 x 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 3 x 1.4 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 4 x 2.5 W/ft2),

Where: Retail Area 1 = the floor area for

all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or 4.

Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and small electronics.

Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics and artwork.

Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china.

Commercial Interior Lighting Additional Retail Lighting Power Allowance

Table 505.5.2 - Footnotes

Exception: Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above, provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Photo courtesy of Ken Baker, K energy

Commercial Interior Lighting Additional Retail Lighting Power Allowance

Table 505.5.2 - Footnotes

Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must have source efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt

Exceptions Controlled by motion sensor Any of the exterior lighting power allowance exceptions As approved for a historical, safety, signage, or emergency consideration

Light SourceTypical System Efficacy Range in

LPW(varies depending on wattage and

lamp type)Incandescent 10-18Halogen incandescent 15-20Compact fluorescent (CFL)

35-60

Linear fluorescent 50-100Metal halide 50-90

Commercial Exterior Lighting Building Grounds Lighting

505.6.1

Connected Exterior Lighting Power must not exceed Exterior Lighting Power Allowance

1. Calculate exterior lighting power allowance • Lighting power densities by exterior function and by

applicable lighting zone2. Calculate proposed connected lighting power

• Wattage calculation “rules”• Exempted lighting

3. Compare values: proposed wattage must be less than or equal to allowed wattage

Commercial Exterior Lighting Power Limits

505.6.2(2)

The following lighting does not need to be included in the proposed lighting calculation:• Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation• Advertising signage or directional signage• Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its

manufacturer• Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production,

and video production• Lighting for athletic playing areas• Temporary lighting• Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and

associated storage areas• Theme elements in theme/amusement parks• Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic

landmark structures or buildings

Commercial Exterior Lighting Exemption from Exterior Calculation

505.6.2(2)

What areas are covered under exterior lighting allowances?

Tradable surfacesCommon exterior lighted needs that can be traded for other needs.

• For example, wattage allowed for parking lot lighting can be “traded” and used for canopy lighting.

Nontradable surfacesLess common exterior lighted needs that cannot be traded for other needs.

• These applications have more specific security or task illuminance needs.

Commercial Exterior Lighting Power Limits

505.6.2(2)

Uncovered parking lots and areas Walkways (under and over 10 feet

wide) Stairways Pedestrian tunnels Main building entrances and exits Other doors Entry canopies Free-standing and attached sales

canopies Open sales areas Street frontage sales areas

Commercial Exterior Lighting Tradable Surfaces

Table 505.6.2(2)

Building facades Automated teller machines and night depositories Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other emergency

vehicles Drive-up windows/doors Parking near 24-hour retail entrances

Commercial Exterior Lighting Nontradable Surfaces

Table 505.6.2(2)

Lighting Zone

Description

1 Developed areas of national parks, state parks, forest land, and rural areas

2 Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business districts, light industrial with limited nighttime use and residential mixed use areas

3 All other areas4 High-activity commercial districts in

major metropolitan areas as designated by the local land use planning authority

Commercial Exterior Lighting Exterior Lighting Zones

Table 505.6.2(1)

Applications Lighting Power Densities

Tradable Surfaces (Lighting Power Densities for open parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs, and outdoor sales areas may be traded)Uncovered Parking Areas

Parking lots and drives 0.15 W/ft2

Building Grounds

Walkways less than 10 feet wide 1.0 W/linear foot

Walkways 10 feet wide or greater, Plaza areas and Special feature areas

0.2 W/ft2

Stairways 1.0 W/ft2

Commercial Exterior Lighting Zones Lighting Power Densities

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Tradable

SurfacesBuilding Entrances and Exits

Main entries

20 W/linear foot of door width

20 W/linear foot of door

width


30 W/linear foot of door

width

Other doors 20 W/linear

foot of door width




Entry Canopies 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2

Sales Canopies Free-standing

and attached

0.6 W/ft2 0.6 W/ft2 0.8 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2

Outdoor Sales Open areas

(including vehicle

sales lots) 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.5 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2

Street frontage for

vehicle sales lots in

addition to “open

area” allowance

No allowance 10 W/linear foot

10 W/linear foot

30 W/linear foot

Commercial BuildingExterior Lighting Zones

Table 505.6.2(2)

Separate metering required for each dwelling unit

Commercial Electric Energy Consumption Requirements

505.7 Mandatory

Exterior Lighting Power Density & Application Examples

Bank

ATM

Walkway5 ft wide

Canopy

Parking Lot

Parking: 10,000 ft2

Canopy: 100 ft2Walkway: 300 ft

ATM –One location

How many tradable watts are allowed for this project? How many nontradablewatts?

Bank

ATM

Walkway5 ft wide

Canopy

Parking Lot

Bank

ATM

Walkway5 ft wide

Canopy

Parking Lot

Parking: 10,000 ft2Canopy: 100

ATM –One location

How many tradable watts are allowed for this project? How many nontradablewatts?

Commercial Performance Compliance

For Performance-Based Compliance

Need to model a standard reference design to the mandatory and prescriptive requirements.

Convert annual energy consumption to annual energy cost.

Need to model your proposed design.Convert annual energy consumption to annual energy cost.

Compliance is based on annual energy cost for proposed design < annual cost for standard reference design.

For both cases unite energy cost has to be the same.For both cases, simulation rules may apply.

506.3

Commercial Performance-Based Compliance

506.1

Compliance based on total building performance requires that a proposed building (proposed design) be shown to have an annual energy cost that is less than or equal to the annual energy cost of the standard reference design.

Energy prices shall be taken from a source approved by the code official, such as the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration's State Energy Price and Expenditure Report.

Commercial Total Building Performance

There are a number of Energy Simulations Tools

Case StudyCommercial Existing Building

A 10,640 square foot tenant improvement program at Scottsdale Waterfront.

The office space goes beyond code compliance to result in 27.8% energy savings of the proposed building over the baseline building.

Commercial Case StudyTenant Improvement

FLOOR LAYOUT

The building was built in 2006 and is two stories with retail/restaurant on the first floor and office on the second.

The design challenges will be to work with an existing building envelope and achieve high levels of energy efficiency.

Commercial Case Study Tenant Improvement

A tenant improvement program, if complies to the scope and requirements of additions and alterations to existing buildings.

Main points of Focus :1. Building Envelope :

Ceiling and Skylights

2. Internal Loads3. High efficiency

HVAC Systems

• Simulation Software Used: eQUEST V3.64 • Code Compliance to: ASHRAE 90.1 2007


BUILDING ENVELOPE


• Ceiling insulation has been added to improve the efficiency of the building envelope

• External walls and Windows have not been altered

• Internal Walls• Skylight U Value, SHGC

Triple pane high performance glazing, for daylighting as well as building relief air.

Before Retrofit

After Retrofit

Description IECC ESD

Ceiling U Value (Btu/h sq.ft F) 0.048 0.028Skylight U Value (0-2%) 0.75 0.29Skylight SHGC 0.35 0.38

CEILING AND SKYLIGHTS: BEYOND CODE

INTERNAL LOADS

LIGHTING CONTROLS• 62% energy savings over baseline

building in lighting end useDaylight Controls for Daylit Areas:• The project has installed daylight

responsive controls in all regularly occupied spaces within 15 feet of windows and under skylights.

Daylight Controls for Lighting Load :• The project has installed daylight

responsive controls for 50% of the connected lighting load in daylit areas.

Occupancy Sensors:• The project has installed occupancy

sensors for• 75% of the connected lighting load

LIGHTING CONTROLS : BEYOND CODE



Old Systems :• 11- 3 Ton Heat Pump units. SEER 12 and

R22 Refrigerant.• Removed and Donated to Phoenix

Elementary Schools

New Systems:• High efficiency Carrier HCQ 15 SEER heat

pump units with R410a refrigerant. • Air side Economizer, capable of bringing in

100% outside air and demand control ventilation with CO2 monitoring.

• MERV 13 filters.

Old Systems Removed

Donated to School

Description IECC ESD

Cooling System Efficiency SEER13 SEER15

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: BEYOND CODE

HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC SYSTEMS

CLASSROOMS AND CONFERENCE ROOMS

• Ultra high efficiency 5-ton single zone VAV unit that has a VFD controlling the fan speed.

• It is rated by ARI at 15 SEER, Carrier calculates the SEER of the unit to be closer to 20.

• Displacement Ventilation: The classroom is served by 6 perforated displacement air panels mounted low on the wall.

• Air discharge velocity- less than 50fpm.

• Low Noise

• Outside Air is provided for the first 6’-0” above finish floor (AFF) in the occupant breathing zone, as opposed to cooling the entire room volume.

IECC 2009


INTERNAL LOADS

SKYLIGHTS• Reduced number of RTUs from 11 to 7.

• Designed unique skylight/building relief system over the existing roof curbs.

• 4 skylights provide natural light to the occupants below; reduce the lighting levels within the space and also provide the building relief air.

• Roof curb also houses motorized damper with a weather hood, which operates to maintain building pressurization.

• Relief of OA provided during normal operation or economizer operation. Also removes the heat trapped in the skylights

• Triple pane ultra high efficiency insulated glass, frosted- to provide diffuse light.


ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Performance Rating Report

DESCRIPTION BASELINE ENERGY

PROPOSED ENERGY

PROPOSED OVER BASELINE

106 Btu/yr 106 Btu/yr % Energy SavingsLighting Energy 108.9 40.7 62%Space Cooling 187.929 172.172 8.3%Space Heating 0.272 2.009 -558.013%Fans-Indoor Ventilation

296.171 96.928 67.272%

Office Equipment 1022.672 738.261 27.810%


UTILITY REBATES

POWER USE REDUCTION : 40% Reduced HVAC

Loads 37% Reduced Lighting

Loads 47% Reduced Plumbing

Requirements

SRP PROGRAMS USED TO ACHIEVE REBATES• Prescriptive Mechanical

Measures• Custom Lighting

Measures• Prescriptive Lighting

Measures

Total Rebate - $7,148.91


UTILITY REBATES

Prescriptive Mechanical Measures :• Highest Available SEER Heat Pumps:

$2,484.38

Custom Mechanical Measures• Integrated Economizer on Heat Pumps:

$922.68• Demand Control Ventilation : $453.75• Daylighting : $1,108.80• Heat Pump Water Heater : $$88.00

Prescriptive Lighting Measures• LED Exit Lights• Occupancy Sensors• Photo/Daylight Sensors• Energy Efficient Lighting• Total Lighting Rebate: $2091.30

Estimated Annual Energy Savings• 55,000 KWh saved in the First Year• $6,050 Saved Annually*

* At $0.11/Kwh (SRP Design Rate for Custom Rebates)


Software Tools for ComplianceCOMcheck™

www.energycodes.gov

No-cost, easy-to-use software that will demonstrate compliance.

www.energycodes.gov/software.stm

Overview of Tool–Various Screen and Options–Compliance Methods–AreaCalc Spreadsheet–Reports

COMcheck™

COMcheck™ DOE’s commercial compliance software

(Windows or Mac version)

Desktop Software Tools Web-Based Tools

• For commercial buildings- can show compliance through the prescriptive approach, trade-off approach or the performance approach.

• COMcheck utilizes only the trade-off approach.

COMcheck™

DOE’s commercial compliance software

• Trade-off approach allows you to trade enhanced energy efficiency in one component against decreased energy efficiency in another component. These trade-offs typically occur within major building systems-envelope, lighting, or mechanical.

• Envelope

Example- trade decreased wall efficiency (lower R-value) for increased window efficiency (lower U-factor), or increase the roof insulation and reduce or eliminate slab-edge insulation.

• Lighting Systems- Trade-off between proposed lighting fixture wattages in various spaces within a building.

• Trade-off in Mechanical Systems- Mentioned in Chapter 5.Example- trade off higher cooling equipment efficiency against a requirement for an economizer.

COMcheck™


1. Select the appropriate code from the Code Menu. 2. Project Screen: location, project type, building use, and project details

(optional).3. If building envelope compliance : Envelope Screen4. If lighting compliance is to be shown, enter all of the building's lighting

fixtures on the Lighting Screen.5. If mechanical compliance is to be shown, enter all of the HVAC system,

plant, and water-heating equipment on the Mechanical Screen. Note: Mechanical compliance isn't shown as a numerical index like Envelope and Lighting compliance. Rather, COMcheck reports a list of applicable code requirements based upon the equipment details entered by the user.

6. Save- File → Save or Save As to save the data file 7. Print- Use File → View/Print Report to review and/or print the applicable

compliance reports.8. Submit either a printed and signed compliance report (or emailed

report, File → Email Report) to the building department.

COMcheck™


COMcheck Compliance Verification

COMcheck™

DEMONSTRATION

Resources

Adopt, Implement, EnforceResources

Resources

• http://www.iccsafe.org• http://www.energycodes.gov• http://bcap-energy.org• http://www.naseo.org• http://www.eere.energy.gov• https://energycode.pnl.gov/REScheckWeb/• https://energycode.pnl.gov/COMcheckWeb/• http://resourcecenter.pnl.gov/cocoon/

morf/ResourceCenter

Welcome

www.tecworkshop.com

2009 iecc: commercial

Real Estate