Identification of Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex quinquefasciatus Post-Mass Drug Administration

(MDA) Lymphatic Filariasis in Bekasi District, Indonesia

Endang Puji Astuti*, Joni Hendri*, Mara Ipa*, Andri Ruliansyah*, Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, Mega Tyas Prihatin

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*)Pangandaran Unit for Health Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Pangandaran,

West Java, Indonesia

*e-mail: pujien@gmail.com

mailto:pujien@gmail.com

Introduction

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

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Outline

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a neglected tropical disease (NTD)

World Health Assembly Resolution 50.29 (May, 1997) - elimination of LF as a public health problem by 2020

LF affected 893 million people in 49 countries around the world

Introduction

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LF elimination program in Indonesia, until 2019 there were 236 out of 514 districts endemic areas, yet only 118 districts had implemented MDA-LF

Bekasi district has performed post MDA assessmenet (TAS II) to evaluate the efficacy of the MDA program.

It’s revealed positive circulating filarial antigen (CFA) in human blood, indicating a newly emerged LF vector.

The detection of filarial DNA in mosquitoes to provide an indirect indicator of infected community

Recent microfilaria (Mf) status in mosquitoes is unclear.

Introduction

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This study was to determine presence of W. bancrofti in Culexquinquefasciatus as suspected vector in Bekasi district

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Objectives

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Study Site

Methods

Mosquitoes sampling and PCR analysis

Data analysis6

Study Site

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The study was conducted in October 2019 at selected LF endemic village in Jatimulya, Tambun Subdistrict, Bekasi District Indonesia

A total of 13 out of 23 sub-district in Bekasi District were reported the chronic LF patients from 2000 – 2019

A high number of LF chronic cases was identified in Tambun sub-district which Jatimulya as sentinel spot site of LF

• Mosquitoes were collected in two locations at sentinel and spot site

• The study was conducted during period temperatures ranged between 28.7 – 31.3°C with a relative humidity of 60 - 63%.

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Mosquitoes sampling PCR and Data analysis

Reference :Inner bednet protecting sleeping bite (Charlwood et al, 1968)

Human –Baited double net trap with collecting cup (Julie-Anne et al, 2015; Service MW, 1977)

HDNs located outside of catching station

HDNs located inside of catching station

Analysis of Man Bitting Rate (MBR), Man Hour density (MHD) based on WHO (1975)

measure of daily survival value (longevity) and estimated population age of mosquitoes based on Davidson (Gilles and Warrel)

Results and Discussion

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10

77,12

22,88

nulliparous parous

Parity rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Jatimulya, Bekasi at October 2019

Man Bitting Rate Cx. quinquefaciatus using HDN indoor and outdoor in Bekasi, 2019

Bionomic of LF Vector

N = 673

N = 154

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Man Hour Density Cx. quinquefasciatus using HDN indoor and outdoor in Bekasi, 2019

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Identification of W. bancrofti in Cx. quinquefasciatus (48 pooling) in Bekasi, 2019

Parameter Index

Parous 154

Parous proportion 0.2288262

Gonotrophic cycle ‡ (day) 4

Daily survival value (p) 0.6916341

(-) Ln B -0.368698

Estimated population age (day) 2.703

‡ Julian E. García-Rejón, Jose A. Farfan-Al et al. (2008)

Estimated age population of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Bekasi, October 2019

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This study has shown the nonexistence of microfilaria W. bancrofti in LF vector Cx. quinquefasciatus, which may indicated a low-level of LF transmission in Jatimulya village, Bekasi.

Our findings suggested, routine vector surveillance for monitoring remain essential to be done to ensure the sustainability of LF elimination program and to control the re-emergence of LF cases in the area studied

Conclusion

References

o World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Lymphatic Filariasis : Key Facts.o Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tular Vektor dan Zoonotik. (2020). Strategi

Percepatan dan Penanggulangan Filariasis dan kecacingan di Indonesia. [Meeting : Monitoring and Evaluation Filariasis Elimination Program]. [11-14 Februari 2020]. Jakarta. Indonesia. Jakarta

o World Health Organization. (2011).Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration; Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic : a manual for national elimination programmes

o World Health Organization. (1975).Manual on practical entomology in malaria. Part II. Methods and techniques. Manual on practical entomology in malaria. Part II. Methods and techniques. p. 6+191 pp

o Warrell DA, Gilles HM. (2002).Essential Malariology. Oxford University Press Inc.;. 348 p.• Tangena ,Julie-Anne A. , Thammavong P., Hiscox A., et al. The Human-Baited Double Net Trap:

An Alternative to Human Landing Catches for Collecting Outdoor Biting Mosquitoes in Lao PDR. (2015). Plos One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138735

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García-Rejón JE, Farfan-Ale JA, Ulloa A, Flores-Flores LF, Rosado-Paredes E, Baak-Baak C, et al. (2008).Gonotrophic Cycle Estimate for Culex quinquefasciatus in Mérida, Yucatán, México. J Am Mosq Control Assoc;24(3):344–8.

Nasution SFI, Adhiyanto C, Indahwati E. (2018).Preliminary Study of Wuchereria bancrofti L3 Larvae Detection in Culex quinquefasciatus as Vector Potential of Filariasis in Endemic Area of South Tangerang, By Utilizing Assay for L3-Activated Cuticlin Transcript mRNA Gene and TPH-1 Gene. Indones J Trop Infect Dis;7(3):67–72.

Ramadhani T, Sumarni S. (2010). Culex Quinquifasciatus As The Main Vector Of Lymphatic Filariasis Caused By Wuchereria Bancrofti In Pabean Village Pekalongan City. J EkolKesehat;9(3):1303–10

Rahman MA, Yahathugoda TC, Tojo B, Premaratne P, Nagaoka F, Takagi H, et al. (2019). A surveillance system for lymphatic filariasis after its elimination in Sri Lanka. ParasitolInt;68(1):73–8

Irish SR, Al-Amin HM, Paulin HN, Mahmood ASMS, Khan RK, Muraduzzaman AKM, et al. (2018). Molecular xenomonitoring for Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex quinquefasciatus in two districts in Bangladesh supports transmission assessment survey findings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis;12(7):e0006574. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pntd.00

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Meet

Our

Team

Endang Puji Astuti Mara IpaJoni Hendri

Andri Ruliansyah Triwibowo A. G. Mega Tyas P.

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Thank You