identification and control of - fleppc · identification and control of non-native invasive plants...
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Identification and
Control of
Non-Native InvasivePlants
in
East Central Florida
For Homeowners & Professionals
IntroductionThis guide is intended to assist Brevard Countyresidents, employees, and professionals to identifyand control non-native invasive plant species found inupland sites.
What is a non-native plant?
A native plant is a species that was here whenEuropeans began to explore and settle the NewWorld. Non-native plants are those species that havebeen brought here from other parts of the world sincethat time.
What is an invasive plant?
An invasive plant is a species that will invade anundisturbed natural area and displace native species.Invasive plants are often more aggressive in disturbedareas, like roadsides.
Non-native invasive plants are also commonly calledexotic plants, invasive exotic plants, noxious weeds,and more.
Note: This guide includes only the plants from otherparts of the world that are most invasive in BrevardCounty’s natural areas, displacing native species anddegrading the environment for native plants andwildlife.
About the descriptions:
The header of the plant description pages has theEnglish name(s), the scientific name in italics, and inparentheses the scientific name of the family.
Photographs of the plants are on the page oppositethe plant descriptions. If the captions refer to morethan one object, they will refer to the objects from leftto right.
The coins in the photographs are always quarters.The diameter of a quarter is 15/16”, roughly an inch.
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Credits
Funding of this brochure has been made possible byan award from the National Oceanic and Atmo-spheric Administration’s Coastal Impact AssistanceProgram.
Created By: Brevard County Natural ResourcesManagement Office (BCNRMO)
Primary Author & Photographer: James Tear
Contributors: Kari Ruder, Suzanne Kennedy, SusanGosselin, Chris Koeppel, Gayle Hoffman - BCNRMO.Karen Weichman and Carol Hebert - ConradinaChapter, Florida Native Plant Society. Graphic design- Trese Printing and James Tear.
Editing: Kari Ruder, Deb Coles, Susan Gosselin,Chris Koeppel, Raleigh Berry - BCNRMO
References
Brevard County Environmentally Endangered LandsProgram. 2004. Exotic Plant Herbicide Protocol.Unpublished.
Higgins, Angela. 2005. The power of partnerships -
island style. Wildland Weeds, p. 11-14, Spring.
Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998.Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants inFlorida’s Natural Areas. University of Florida,Gainesville.
Langeland, K.A. and R.K. Stocker. 2000. Control ofNon-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida. SP242. University of Florida, Gainesville.
Tu, M., Hurd, C., and J. M. Randall. 2001. WeedControl Methods Handbook. The Nature
Conservancy. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu.
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Purpose
� Increase awareness of the adverse effectsof non-native invasive plants on Brevard’sbiodiversity and ecosystems
� Provide a tool for residents and landmanagers to use to identify and effectivelycontrol non-native invasive plants
� Encourage public participation in theremoval of non-native invasive plants
� Reduce the habitat losses from non-nativeinvasive plant infestations
� Reduce the impacts on endangeredspecies via habitat loss and alteration
� Demonstrate the need to prevent habitatlosses through pest-plant management
� Highlight the socio-economic and adversehealth impacts of these plants (e.g.,increased wildfires in Melaleuca areas)
� Provide information that helps managersset priorities for control programs
This field guide is also available onBrevard County’s website:
http://www.brevardcounty.us/natres/publications.cfm
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About Toxicity and Allergies
Many plants contained within this guide producetoxins and result in allergic conditions when handled,cut, burned, or harvested. Gloves and PersonalProtective Gear (e.g., long-sleeve shirts, glasses,hats) are strongly recommended when handling anyplant material, especially of unknown origin. Cases ofpeople being sensitized, or having an increasingallergic response to particular plants, and theircomponents (leaves, bark, odor, toxins, sap) havebeen documented.
Helpful Links
Additional and more detailed information can be foundon the following websites or by contacting theorganizations directly.
Florida Department of Agriculture and ConsumerServices -http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/botany/noxweed.html
Florida Department of Environmental ProtectionBureau of Invasive Plant Management -http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council - www.fleppc.org
Invasive and Exotic Species -http://www.invasives.org
National Wildlife Federation -http://enature.com/native_invasive/
The Nature Conservancy -http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/
University of Florida IFAS, Center For Aquatic andInvasive Plants - http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/
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Contents
Page ...................................... Title
1 ......................................... Introduction
2 ......................................... Credits & References
3 ......................................... Purpose
4 ......................................... About Toxicity & Links
5 ......................................... Contents
6-7 ........................................ Plant List
7 ......................................... Glossary of Terms
8-57 ...................................... Species Accounts
58 ......................................... Plants to Watch For
59-61 .................................... Control Methods
62-65 .................................... Plant Replacements
Please notePlease notePlease notePlease notePlease note::::: This guide does not include non-native invasive aquatic plants. For informationon invasive aquatic plants, please visit:
Plant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida Waters
http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/ or
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/2ndlevpgs/Aquaticplnts.htm
Guide printed July 2006
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Plant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant List
8 8 8 8 8 Air Potato (& Winged Yam)
10 10 10 10 10 Australian-Pine
12 12 12 12 12 Beach Naupaka
14 14 14 14 14 Brazilian Pepper
16 16 16 16 16 Camphortree
18 18 18 18 18 Carrotwood
20 20 20 20 20 Castorbean
22 22 22 22 22 Chinaberry
24 24 24 24 24 Chinese Tallowtree
26 26 26 26 26 Cogon Grass
38 38 38 38 38 Coral Ardisia
30 30 30 30 30 Creeping Oxeye
32 32 32 32 32 Downy Rosemyrtle
34 34 34 34 34 Japanese Climbing Fern
36 36 36 36 36 Kudzu
38 38 38 38 38 Leadtree
40 40 40 40 40 Melaleuca
42 42 42 42 42 Mexican Petunia
4444444444 Old World Climbing Fern
4646464646 Rosary Pea
4848484848 Schefflera
5050505050 Simpleleaf Chastetree
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This is a caption for the above photo.
Plant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant List
52 52 52 52 52 Surinam Cherry
54 54 54 54 54 Tropical Soda Apple
56 56 56 56 56 Woman’s Tongue
compoundcompoundcompoundcompoundcompound - multiple leaflets on one leaf, such as ahickory or bean
twice compoundtwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compound - leaflets on a compound leafdivided into more leaflets
alternatealternatealternatealternatealternate - one leaf per node
oppositeoppositeoppositeoppositeopposite - two leaves per node
Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:
carpelcarpelcarpelcarpelcarpel - The ovule-bearing (seed-bearing) unit ofthe flower
stamensstamensstamensstamensstamens - male organ of the flower, consisting of ananther and filament
stigmastigmastigmastigmastigma - The upper part of the carpel that isreceptive to pollen
stylesstylesstylesstylesstyles - The more or less elongated part of thecarpel between the ovary and stigma
Glossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of Terms
Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:
simplesimplesimplesimplesimple - a single leaf, such as a maple
77777
Air PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir Potato
Dioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
Aerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubers
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Twining vine without tendrils
Large heart-shaped leaves may bemore than 8" long; simple, alternate
Rarely flowers in Florida; greenishyellow flowers in hanging clusters
May - September
Rare in Florida
Light brown, up to 6” across; growalong the vines near the leaf stalks;resemble potatoes with many smallbumps; found on the ground underthe vines year round
Hardwood forests, pinelands,wetlands, disturbed sites,residential areas (where they areoften confused with Kudzu vines)
Grows rapidly, smothers trees, andinvades disturbed sites, pinelandsand hammocks
Tropical Asia
Aerial tubers are carried longdistances in flowing water
Aerial and underground tubers maybe poisonous when raw
No information found
88888
Aerial tuber
Vines twining around each other
Simple leaves
Air PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir Potato
Winged YamWinged YamWinged YamWinged YamWinged Yam Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata (Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)
Winged Yam is very similar to Air Potato but haslarger, more frequent underground tubers, longerand less round shaped aerial tubers, and oppositeleaves. The cross section of its stem has purpletinged “wings.” Fruit is a 3-parted capsule and theseeds are also winged. Winged Yam is currentlynot as common in Brevard County as Air Potato, butis still an invasive plant where it does occur.
99999
Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine (three species included)(three species included)(three species included)(three species included)(three species included)
Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Tree up to 150 feet tall; resembles apine but is not closely related
Scale like, almost microscopicaround the joints of the “needles”;“needles” are actually branches 4-8”long; “needles” pull apart at the joints
Inconspicuous
One species, fall, winter; other twospecies, spring
Resemble small, woody pine cones,about 1/2” across. Numerous smallseeds in spring
Dunes, beaches, pinelands, dis-turbed sites; planted as windbreaks
Highly invasive in many disturbedand natural habitats; grows 5-10 feetper year; forms thick stands thatcrowd out native species; displacesnative vegetation on dunes leadingto significant dune erosion duringstorms; disrupts sea turtle nesting
Tropical Asia, Indonesia, Australia
Wind, birds, water, spreading roots
No information found
Large quantities of pollen may causerespiratory problems
1010101010
“”Needles” & “cones”
closeup of cones
The ground is barren under this standof Australian-Pines
Australian-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-Pine
Several Australian-Pines
1111111111
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Shrub to 16 feet forming roundedmounds
Simple, alternate, close together,thick, somewhat succulent, widernear tips, 8” long, edges rolledunder, hairy near stem
White w/lavender stripes, 5 petals allin the lower half, fanlike
All year
White to yellowish white, roundish,1/2” across, fleshy
Many coastal habitats includingdunes
Displaces coastal plants includingsome rare species
Indian & Pacific Ocean region
Water, birds, ghost crabs, raccoons
No information found
No information found
Scaevola taccadaScaevola taccadaScaevola taccadaScaevola taccadaScaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae)
Beach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-Flower
1212121212
Beach Naupaka growing overa sand dune at the beach
Fruits
Beach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-Flower
Ends of severalbranches
1313131313
Brazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian Pepper
Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
TrunkTrunkTrunkTrunkTrunk
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Tree or tall shrub with denseevergreen foliage to 40 feet tall
Branches profusely 1-2 feet abovethe ground
Shiny, alternate, compound with 7-9elliptical leaflets; leaflet edges may ormay not have teeth; leaflets are 1-2”long and smell of turpentine whencrushed; leaves have a reddish midrib
Small, inconspicuous with cream-colored petals
Spring, summer
Female plants have numerous small,round green berries that becomeglossy red in bunches near the endsof branches (especially conspicuousin December), 3/16” diameter
Invades all types of natural areas anddisturbed areas especially moist sites
Forms dense stands excluding allother species including desirablenatives
Tropical America
Birds, small mammals, people,and water
Fruit and sap poisonous
Exposure to sap, pollen or berriesmay cause a rash
A small (8 feet) Brazilian Pepper along a fence
Compound leafwith 7 leaflets
Mature fruits
Brazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian Pepper
1515151515
CamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortree
Cinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
TwigsTwigsTwigsTwigsTwigs
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Tree to 65 feet
Green or reddish green
Evergreen, shiny green on uppersurface, simple, alternate, up to 4”long and 2” wide; smell like camphorwhen crushed
Small greenish-white to cream inclusters, 6 petals
Spring
Similar to small black cherries,1-seeded
Dry disturbed and undisturbed areas,disturbed hammocks, and edgesof wetlands
Invading forests and displacingnative trees
Asia
Birds
Toxic in larger quantities to people& wildlife
Pollen may cause allergic reactionif enough trees grow in an area
1616161616
Camphortree
Young leaf & old leaf
Flowers
Fruit
CamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortree
1717171717
CarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwood
Cupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioides (Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
BarkBarkBarkBarkBark
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Tree to 35 feet or a shrub
Dark gray outer bark, orange innerbark
Evergreen, alternate, compound10-12” long, usually has an evennumber of leaflets (4-12) up to 8”long, leathery and shiny yellowishgreen, midrib is lighter
Numerous inconspicuous, white togreenish yellow, up to 1/2” wide,5 petals, clusters up to 14” long
Midwinter, spring, summer
Woody up to 1” across, 3 ridges,yellow-orange to brown; splits openexposing 3 shiny oval red seedsmaturing to black
Disturbed and undisturbed, wet anddry, spoil islands in the Indian River
Shades out native plants, especiallyin low moist areas; a serious pest tomangroves
Australia
Birds and self seeding
No information found
No information found
1818181818
Branches with fruits
Compound leaf with 10 leaflets
Fruit cluster
Three fruits
Open fruit revealing 2 seeds.One seed has fallen.
CarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwood
1919191919
CastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbean
Ricinus communisRicinus communisRicinus communisRicinus communisRicinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
StemsStemsStemsStemsStems
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Small tree or shrub to 30 feet
Hollow, reddish
Simple, alternate to 12” across with8 large pointed lobes
Female flowers are small, delicatewith long slender scarlet stylesgrowing from a prickly green pod
Summer - fall
Prickly green pod turning brown, 3 flatseeds in each pod
Disturbed areas
Large colonies crowd out other plants
Tropical Africa
Exploding ripe seedpods
The entire plant is toxic
Produces large amounts of airbornepollen than may cause severeallergic reaction
2020202020
CastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbean
Simple leafwith large
pointed lobes
Female flowers and immature fruits
Mature fruits
2121212121
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Deciduous tree to 50 feet
Alternate, 2-3 times compound, 1.5feet long, leaflets pungent whencrushed, leaflets appear lacy
Small, fragrant, 5 slender lavenderpetals w/dark purple central tube; inlarge clusters
March - May
Yellow, round, thinly fleshy, singleseed, ripen in late summer
Disturbed sites plus wet and drynatural areas
Forms thickets shading out nativeplants
Asia
Birds, seed drop & root suckers
All plant parts potentially toxic.Contains a neurotoxin whichcauses seizures and shock
None found
ChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberry
Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melia azedarach (Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)
2222222222
ChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberry
Flower cluster
Flower details
Fruits
with twice compoundleaflets
Compound leaf
2323232323
Chinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn Tree
Sapium sebiferumSapium sebiferumSapium sebiferumSapium sebiferumSapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae)))))
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Imported byImported byImported byImported byImported by
Deciduous tree to 52 feet tall
Simple, alternate up to 2.5” wide;round bases, pointed tips
Small, yellow in spikes up to8” long; male flowers lack petals
Spring
Three lobes about 1/2” across,turn brown and split open revealing3 seeds with a white waxy coating(the popcorn) which later turn black;August to November
Wet and dry, disturbed and undis-turbed; landscaping
Can invade closed-canopy forests,from swampy areas to slightly salinewaters and from sun to shade;leaves produce chemicals that makethe soil uninhabitable to natives
China, Japan
Suckering, birds, & moving water
All plant parts potentially toxic
Sap and leaves may cause skinrash; pollen may cause allergicreaction
Benjamin Franklin in 1776 to makecandles and soap
2424242424
Chinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn Tree
Simple leaf
Flower cluster
Fruits in “popcorn” stage Mature seeds
Chinese Tallowtree
2525252525
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
CogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrass
Imperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaImperata cylindrica (Poaceae) (Poaceae) (Poaceae) (Poaceae) (Poaceae)
Perennial grass to 5 feet tall withextensive rhizomes
Midvein off-center; hairy at the base;edges are rough; lime-green, turningreddish-tan
White silky plumes up to 8” tall
Winter, spring, perhaps all year
Small slender tan seeds with longwhite hairs; resemble dandelion fruits
Dry to moist, disturbed andundisturbed areas
Fast growing; grows in thick matsthat crowd out native plants;produces chemicals that limit thegrowth of other plants
Southeast Asia, China, Japan
Wind, creeping rhizomes, and pigs
No information found
No information found
2626262626
CogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrass
Leaf blade with theoff-centermidvein
Mature seed head waiting for agood breeze to disperse the seeds
Stand of Cogongrass with mature seedheads
2727272727
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Small evergreen shrubs to 6 feettall, growing in clumps
Alternate to 8” long; dark greenwaxy above, lighter below;scalloped edges
White to pink in clusters hangingbelow the leaves
Spring
Red or white in clusters hangingbelow the leaves with a singleseed, 5/16” across
Moist hammocks
Crowds out and shades outnative species; reaches a densityover 9 plants per square foot
Japan, southern Asia
No information found
No information found
No information found
Coral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral Ardisia
Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata (Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)
2828282828
Coral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral Ardisia
Leaf from above
Leaves from below; fruits hang beneath leaves
Leaves and fruits
2929292929
Creeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, Wedelia
Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata (Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
StemsStemsStemsStemsStems
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Mat-forming evergreen perennialherb
Hairy
Simple, opposite, 1.5-3.5” long withtwo side teeth
Yellow, similar to a daisy
All year
Small, dry with one seed
Moist, disturbed sites, landscaping
Forms thick mats that overwhelmnative herbs
West Indies, tropical America,Central America
Rhizomes, people
No information found
May cause a skin rash
3030303030
Creeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, Wedelia
Flower head from above
Flower head from below
Leaf from above
Stem & oppositeleaves from below
3131313131
Downy RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny Rosemyrtle
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
StemsStemsStemsStemsStems
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Shrub to 6 feet tall
Short soft hairs on young stems
Evergreen, opposite, simple upto 3” long, glossy green above,3 large veins
Rose-pink, up to 1” across, hairy,5 petals, 5 sepals, many stamens,1 long, erect female part
Spring
Dark purple, round, 1/2” across,resemble blueberries
Pinelands, flatwoods
Crowds out native species resultingin thickets with no other species;could become worse than Brazilianpepper
India, China, Philippines, Australia
Seed drop, birds and mammals
No information found
No information found
3232323232
Downy RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny Rosemyrtle
Branches and flowers
Opposite leavesfrom below and above
Flower
Flowers from above and below
Fruits
3333333333
Japanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing Fern
Lygodium japonicumLygodium japonicumLygodium japonicumLygodium japonicumLygodium japonicum (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
SporesSporesSporesSporesSporesproducedproducedproducedproducedproduced
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
A true fern with a twining vine habitwith creeping rhizomes; very similarto Old World climbing fern
Compound, leaflets on the sterilefronds are larger and more dividedthan those of Old World climbingfern; appears lacy; stems near theleaflets are flattened
None, sori on the edges of the fertilefronds produce spores
All year
None, produces spores instead
Disturbed & undisturbed wet areasand pine flatwoods
Invades many natural habitats;thick mats smother trees, shrubsand entire forests
Eastern Asia
Wind, animals, clothes, andequipment
No information found
Somewhat allergenic
3434343434
Japanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing Fern
Leaflets from sterile frondfrom above
Leaflets from fertile frondviewed from above with sori
just below edges
3535353535
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Compound with 3 leaflets each up to5” long; the end leaflet is symmetricalwith 2 side lobes; the side leaflets areasymmetrical with 1 side lobe each
Fragrant reddish-purple flowers withyellow centers; look like pea flowers;grow in clusters up to 7” tall; initiallypink but darken as flowers age
June - September
Tan clustered fruits with stiff goldenhairs; like large pea pods; up to 3”long and 1/2” wide
Disturbed areas; edges ofhammocks; along streams
Blankets trees, shrubs and theground cutting out all sunlight
Asia
Wind, birds, animals, and water
No information found
No information found
KudzuKudzuKudzuKudzuKudzu
Pueraria montanaPueraria montanaPueraria montanaPueraria montanaPueraria montana (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae)
Deciduous twining woody vine; diesback to the ground in the winter
3636363636
Small tree to 30 feet tall
Distinct white dots on the bark; nothorns
Twice compound, numerous leaflets1/2” long
White to yellowish, round clusters likepuff balls
Spring-summer
Long flat reddish brown pods,several hanging together like fingers,about 5” long
Hammocks, coastal strand,disturbed areas
Invades poor soils, and reduces oreliminates the nesting opportunitiesprovided by native habitats
West Indies
Seed drop
All parts contain a substance that ishighly toxic to animals
No information found
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
TrunkTrunkTrunkTrunkTrunk
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
LeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtree
Leucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae)
3838383838
LeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtree
Sapling showing twice compoundleaves
A withering flower clusterand a fresh flower cluster
Fruits
3939393939
Tree to 100 feet
Multilayered, spongy, papery,peeling; whitish
Simple, evergreen; look like willowleaves; up to 4” long and 3/4” wide;smell of camphor when crushed;often 5 conspicuous parallel veins
Fuzzy, white flowers grow in erectbottle brush spikes up to 6” long
All year
Small, round fruits; tightly clusteredaround the twigs; each fruit producesmany tiny brown seeds
Disturbed & undisturbed freshwatersites; landscaping
Aggressively invades wetlands,displacing native vegetation anddegrading wildlife habitat
Australia, Melanesia
Wind, fire and root sprouts
Sap may cause a skin rash
May cause allergic reaction
Melaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, Punktree
Melaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
BarkBarkBarkBarkBark
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
4040404040
Melaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, Punktree
Three treeswith shaggybark
Flower cluster
Simple leaves and fruitsclustered around twig
4141414141
Mexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican Bluebell
Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana (Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Perennial herb (a non-woody plantthat lives more than 2 years), 4-6feet tall; stems purple in cultivars
Opposite; shaped like willowleaves; 4-6” long; purple incultivars, green in wild form
Blue in wild form; cultivatedvarieties may have white, pink, red,purple, or blue flowers; tubular withwidely flaring rim; prolific
Spring - fall, most of the year
Long, brown, crunchy pods
Wet, disturbed sites, landscaping,drainage ditches, shores of lakesand ponds, moist & wet woodedsites
Spreads very rapidly, difficult toeradicate, forms dense colonies inwet or marshy areas
Central Mexico, Central & SouthAmerica
Self seeding, vegetatively fromclippings and runners
No information found
No information found
4242424242
Mexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican Bluebell
Flower from the side
The plants have many flowers
Flowers from the front
Leaves: from above,from below
4343434343
Old World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing Fern
Lygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
Spore seasonSpore seasonSpore seasonSpore seasonSpore season
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
A true fern that reproduces byspores, not flowers; twining vine thatgrows up trees and over shrubs
Compound; stems near the leafletsare round; fertile fronds have smallbumps along the lower edges of theleaflets; these are spore cases;infertile fronds lack spore cases
None, spore cases instead
All year
None; produces spores instead
Disturbed sites & wet areas
Invades wetlands, pine flatwoodsand disturbed sites; thick matssmother native plants, create fireladders up trees
Australia, tropical Asia
Wind, fire, equipment, and people
No information found
No information found
4444444444
Old World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing Fern
Sterile frond leaflets from above
Fertile frond leaflets from below
Twining vinesclimbing pine tree
4545454545
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Twining woody vine withouttendrils
Compound, 8-15 pairs of leafletsabout 1/2” long with spike at tip,alternate
White, creamy or purplish,1/4” long, similar to a sweet pea,in erect clusters 1-3” long
Summer
Pods in small clusters, greenturning brown & splitting alongone side; about 1 1/2” long;seeds, scarlet red & jet black,about 1/4” long
Disturbed sites, pinelands andhammocks
Can kill host plant as asmothering blanket
Southeast Asia
Birds
One of the most toxic seeds inthe world; chewing a half aseed might kill a human childor adult
No information found
Rosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary Pea
Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)
4646464646
Seeds:beautifulbutdeadly
Flower cluster
Open pods revealingcolorful seeds
Rosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary Pea
Vines growing up a pine
Compound leaves
Pods before they open
4747474747
Schefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella Tree
Schefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophylla (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Single- or multi-trunked tree to 40feet; no thorns on trunk or branches
Compound, 9-15 leaflets radiatingfrom one point; dark green, glossyleaflets about 1 foot long
Small, red flowers in clusters 2-3feet long
Summer-fall
Scarlet, turning dark purple,1/2” wide, round
Hardwood forests, disturbed sites,landscaping
Fast growing, invades disturbedareas and undisturbed hardwoodforests
Australia & New Guinea
Birds
Ingestion of any part may causevomiting, numbness and tingling ofthe mouth, lack of coordination
Sap may cause minor skin irritation
4848484848
Compound leaf
Flower clusters
Branches and leaves
Schefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella Tree
4949494949
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Evergreen shrub to 12 feet
Opposite, compound with 3 leaflets,gray or white on lower surface,fragrant when crushed
Blue
Summer
Fleshy, brown
Disturbed sites, beaches
Forms large colonies
Asia
No information found
Skin irritant
Trimming may cause respiratoryirritation
Simpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf Chastetree
Vitex trifoliaVitex trifoliaVitex trifoliaVitex trifoliaVitex trifolia (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae)
5050505050
Simpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf Chastetree
Flower cluster
Cluster of mature fruits
Compound leaves with 3 leaflets,from above & below
5151515151
Surinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam Cherry
Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Small evergreen tree or shrub
Simple, opposite, 1-7” long,1/2 -1” wide
White, fragrant with 4 thin petalsthat wither quickly; nearly 1/2” long;many stamens
All year or late winter/early spring
Juicy berry with usually 8 deepgrooves and ridges, 1/2” long, 3/4”wide; red or very dark red whenripe; 1 or 2 seeds; edible but acidic
Disturbed hammocks; prefers fertile,moist soils and partial shade
Invades intact hammocks andthrives in deep shade
South America
Seed drop; birds and smallmammals
Fruit is edible, but ingestion of theseeds may cause diarrhea
Trimming the plant may causerespiratory irritation
5252525252
Surinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam Cherry
Simple opposite leaves
Fruits: immature & mature (red)
5353535353
Tropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda Apple
Solanum viarum Solanum viarum Solanum viarum Solanum viarum Solanum viarum (Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
Bushy herbaceous perennial upto 6 feet tall with many pricklesand hairs
Deeply-lobed, alternate, simple,8” long, 6” wide with densecovering of soft hairs plus prickleson upper and lower surfaces
White petals are curved back,yellow centers
All year, primarily spring andsummer
Round, 1” wide, like golf balls,green with dark veins whenimmature like minaturewatermelons, yellow when ripe
Disturbed and natural sites
Invades pastures shading outgrasses; invades hardwoodhammocks crowding out nativeplants
South America, especially Paraguay,Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil
Cattle, raccoons, feral pigs, sodindustry, contaminated hay andgrass seeds
Ingestion of any part may causegastrointestinal problems
5454545454
Tropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda Apple
Leaf from above with prickles
Flower
An immature fruit and a mature fruit
5555555555
Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form
LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves
FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers
FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason
FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat
ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat
OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin
Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by
ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity
AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies
Large, fast-growing tree; may loseits leaves during spring droughts
Twice compound, light green,oblong leaflets 1-2” long, stalk hasa gland near base
Cream-colored, fragrant, powderpuffs, 2” long
Spring - summer
Large flat bean pods which rattlein the wind giving this plant itscommon name
Disturbed & undisturbed sites
Out competes native plantsforming large colonies
Asia
Seeds and root suckers
Seeds are highly toxic
No information found
Woman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s Tongue
Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)
5656565656
Woman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s Tongue
Compound leaflet
Flower cluster
Part of acompound leaf
5757575757
Plants to Watch For
The plants listed in this guide are known to beinvasive and a problem in natural and evenresidential areas in east central Florida. There areother non-native plants not included in this guidethat are also invasive or potentially invasive in eastcentral Florida but at this time, are more localized,more easily controlled, or restricted to disturbedareas. These plants however, should bemonitored and/or removed when encountered.Some of these plants include:
Asian Sword FernAsian Sword FernAsian Sword FernAsian Sword FernAsian Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis multiflora)Sword Fern Sword Fern Sword Fern Sword Fern Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis cordifolia)Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern (Asparagus aethiopicus)Balsam AppleBalsam AppleBalsam AppleBalsam AppleBalsam Apple (Momordica charantia)Elephant EarElephant EarElephant EarElephant EarElephant Ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)Earpod TreeEarpod TreeEarpod TreeEarpod TreeEarpod Tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum syn.contortisiliquum)Golden Raintree Golden Raintree Golden Raintree Golden Raintree Golden Raintree (Koelreuteria paniculata)Guinea GrassGuinea GrassGuinea GrassGuinea GrassGuinea Grass (Panicum maximum)Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)LantanaLantanaLantanaLantanaLantana (Lantana camara)Laurel FigLaurel FigLaurel FigLaurel FigLaurel Fig (Ficus microcarpa)Natal Grass Natal Grass Natal Grass Natal Grass Natal Grass (Rhynchelytrum repens)Oyster Plant Oyster Plant Oyster Plant Oyster Plant Oyster Plant (Tradescantia spathacea)Para GrassPara GrassPara GrassPara GrassPara Grass (Urochola mutica)Skunk VineSkunk VineSkunk VineSkunk VineSkunk Vine (Paederia foetida)TaroTaroTaroTaroTaro (Colocasia esculenta)
* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria): This plantis currently found in every state but Florida. Helpus keep it that way!
For the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council’s mostcurrent list of invasive exotic species,please visit:
http://www.fleppc.org/
and click on “List of Invasive Plants.”5858585858
Like many garden weeds, the small seedlings ofinvasive plants can be hand pulled or dug up, butlike many weeds, parts of their roots may break off inthe ground, left to resprout. The effective control ofinvasive plants often requires a combination oftreatments as well as regular monitoring andretreatment.
In most cases, herbicides must be used to kill theunwanted plant. The following table providesproducts that contain herbicides known to beeffective in controlling invasive plants. This list is notall inclusive, but based on available information andlocal experience. Other products and herbicides areavailable and may provide effective control.
Note: Follow directions on the herbicideproduct label and use appropriate safety
protection. The label is law!
For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:http://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209
Roundup®: The active ingredient in Roundup® is glyphosate.
Various versions of Roundup® are available, so look for the
concentration you need. You can dilute Roundup® with water
to achieve a lower concentration. Glyphosate is non-selective
so be careful to avoid overspray.
RoundUp®, Brush-B-Gone®, ENFORCER® Brush Killer,
Pathfinder II® , and Vine-X® are available to non-licensed
applicatiors (homeowners) and may not need dilution.
Table Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation Key
HP = Hand Pull HPS = Hand Pull SeedlingBK = Brush Killer® BBG = Brush-B-Gone®
G-3A = Garlon®-3A G-4 = Garlon®-4PF II = Pathfinder II® VX = Vine-X®
Invasive Plant Removal and Control
5959595959
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II
G-4
10%
, B
BG
, B
K
N/A
G-3
A 1
%,
Ars
enal
1%
Rou
ndup
2%
G-3
A 1
%
G-3
A 1
%,
Ars
enal
1%
Rod
eo o
r R
ound
up 2
%,
VX
, P
FI I
Ars
enal
1%
+ R
odeo
1%
G-4
2%
, R
ound
up 2
%
Cut Stump
G-4
5-1
0%,
PF
II
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
Gar
lon-
3A 5
0%
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I, B
BG
Ars
enal
10-
50%
, B
K,
VX
N/A
G-3
A 5
0%,
BB
G,
PF
II
Rou
ndup
25%
G-3
A 5
0%
G-3
A 5
0%,
Ars
enal
10%
Sam
e as
fol
iar
N/A
Basal Bark
G4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
30%
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
15%
, P
F I
I
N
/A
N
/A
N
/A
Notes
Cut
ste
m a
t ba
se,
colle
ct b
ulbi
ls
Bas
al f
or s
mal
l tr
ees
Mo
w,
let
gro
w,
spra
y
Ne
w s
pro
uts
lik
ely
Nee
ds r
etre
atm
ent
6060606060
Pla
nt
Co
ntr
ol
an
d H
erb
icid
e U
se T
ab
le,
con
tin
ue
dP
lan
t C
on
tro
l a
nd
He
rbic
ide
Use
Ta
ble
, co
nti
nu
ed
Pla
nt
Co
ntr
ol
an
d H
erb
icid
e U
se T
ab
le,
con
tin
ue
dP
lan
t C
on
tro
l a
nd
He
rbic
ide
Use
Ta
ble
, co
nti
nu
ed
Pla
nt
Co
ntr
ol
an
d H
erb
icid
e U
se T
ab
le,
con
tin
ue
d
Invasive Plant
Do
wn
y R
ose
myr
tle
Ku
dzu
Lead
tree
Me
lale
uca
Me
xica
n P
etu
nia
Ro
sary
Pe
a
Sch
eff le
ra
Sim
plel
eaf
Cha
stet
ree
Su
rin
am
Ch
err
y
Tro
pica
l S
oda
App
le
Wo
ma
n’s
To
ng
ue
Treatments
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
HP
S,
herb
icid
e,
graz
ing,
bur
ning
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
HP
S,
cut /
herb
icid
e
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
HP,
her
bici
de
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
Her
bici
de
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
HP
S,
herb
icid
e
Foliar
G-4
, P
F I
I
Tord
on 1
01 o
r K
Vet
eran
720
N/A
Ars
enal
1.5
% +
Rod
eo 8
%,
Ars
enal
15%
, G
-4 1
5%
BB
G,
Bk,
Ro
un
du
p
G-4
1%
G-3
A 1
%,
N/A
N/A
Rou
ndup
3%
, G
-3A
1%
,
Ars
en
al
0.5
%
Basal Bark
G-4
10-
20%
, P
F I
I
N/A
G-4
30%
N/A
N/A
N/A
G-4
10-
20%
Gra
zon
DS
10%
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10%
, P
F I
I
G-4
10-
30%
Cut Stump
N/A
Tord
on 1
01 o
r K
G-4
40%
Ars
enal
10-
50%
, G
-4
15%
, R
odeo
25%
Ro
un
du
p
G-4
5%
G-3
A 5
0%,
G-4
10%
G-4
10%
, G
-3A
50%
G-3
A 5
0%,
G-4
10-
30%
Notes
Ref
er t
o pr
oduc
t la
bels
Ref
er t
o pr
oduc
t la
bel,
need
s re
trea
tmen
t
Ne
w s
pro
uts
lik
ely
Cut
stu
mp
for
big
plan
ts
Han
d pu
ll +
her
bici
de
Cut
vin
e at
bas
e
Larg
e tr
ees
diffi
cult
Lit t l
e in
fo.
avai
labl
e
Dis
pose
of
f rui
t , w
atch
for
thor
ns
6161616161
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Air
Po
tato
Air
Po
tato
Air
Po
tato
Air
Po
tato
Air
Po
tato
Au
str
ali
an
-Pin
eA
us
tra
lia
n-P
ine
Au
str
ali
an
-Pin
eA
us
tra
lia
n-P
ine
Au
str
ali
an
-Pin
e
Be
ach
Na
up
aka
Be
ach
Na
up
aka
Be
ach
Na
up
aka
Be
ach
Na
up
aka
Be
ach
Na
up
aka
Bra
zil ia
n P
ep
pe
rB
razi
l ian
Pe
pp
er
Bra
zil ia
n P
ep
pe
rB
razi
l ian
Pe
pp
er
Bra
zil ia
n P
ep
pe
r(t
ree
-typ
e)
Bra
zil ia
n P
ep
pe
rB
razi
l ian
Pe
pp
er
Bra
zil ia
n P
ep
pe
rB
razi
l ian
Pe
pp
er
Bra
zil ia
n P
ep
pe
r(s
hru
b-t
ype
)C
am
ph
ort
ree
Ca
mp
ho
rtre
eC
am
ph
ort
ree
Ca
mp
ho
rtre
eC
am
ph
ort
ree
Ca
rro
two
od
Ca
rro
two
od
Ca
rro
two
od
Ca
rro
two
od
Ca
rro
two
od
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Mo
on
flo
we
rM
oo
nfl
ow
er
Mo
on
flo
we
rM
oo
nfl
ow
er
Mo
on
flo
we
r( I
pom
oea
alba
)A
tla
nti
c W
hit
e C
ed
ar
Atl
an
tic
Wh
ite
Ce
da
rA
tla
nti
c W
hit
e C
ed
ar
Atl
an
tic
Wh
ite
Ce
da
rA
tla
nti
c W
hit
e C
ed
ar
( Cha
mae
cypa
ris
thyo
ides
)W
ax
Myr
tle
Wa
x M
yrtl
eW
ax
Myr
tle
Wa
x M
yrtl
eW
ax
Myr
tle
(Myr
ica
ceri
fera
)D
ah
oo
n H
olly
Da
ho
on
Ho
llyD
ah
oo
n H
olly
Da
ho
on
Ho
llyD
ah
oo
n H
olly
( Ile
x ca
ssin
e)
Eld
erb
err
yE
lde
rbe
rry
Eld
erb
err
yE
lde
rbe
rry
Eld
erb
err
y(S
ambu
cus
nigr
a )S
we
et
Ba
y M
ag
no
liaS
we
et
Ba
y M
ag
no
liaS
we
et
Ba
y M
ag
no
liaS
we
et
Ba
y M
ag
no
liaS
we
et
Ba
y M
ag
no
lia( M
agno
lia v
irgi
nian
a )B
utt
on
wo
od
Bu
tto
nw
oo
dB
utt
on
wo
od
Bu
tto
nw
oo
dB
utt
on
wo
od
( Con
ocar
pus
erec
tus )
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
( Lon
icer
a se
mpe
rvir
ens)
Re
d C
ed
ar
Re
d C
ed
ar
Re
d C
ed
ar
Re
d C
ed
ar
Re
d C
ed
ar
( Jun
iper
us v
irgi
nian
a)S
ea
Gra
pe
Se
a G
rap
eS
ea
Gra
pe
Se
a G
rap
eS
ea
Gra
pe
( Coc
colo
ba u
vife
ra)
Va
rnis
hle
af
Va
rnis
hle
af
Va
rnis
hle
af
Va
rnis
hle
af
Va
rnis
hle
af
( Dod
onae
a vi
scos
a)F
ire
bu
sh
Fir
eb
us
hF
ire
bu
sh
Fir
eb
us
hF
ire
bu
sh
(Ham
elia
pat
ens)
Si lk
Ba
yS
i lk B
ay
Si lk
Ba
yS
i lk B
ay
Si lk
Ba
y(P
erse
a bo
rbon
ia v
ar .
hum
il is)
Se
a G
rap
eS
ea
Gra
pe
Se
a G
rap
eS
ea
Gra
pe
Se
a G
rap
e( C
occo
loba
uvi
fera
)
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Vir
gin
ia
Cre
ep
er
Vir
gin
ia
Cre
ep
er
Vir
gin
ia
Cre
ep
er
Vir
gin
ia
Cre
ep
er
Vir
gin
ia
Cre
ep
er
( Par
then
ocis
sus
quin
quef
olia
)S
lash
Pin
eS
lash
Pin
eS
lash
Pin
eS
lash
Pin
eS
lash
Pin
e(P
inu
s e
llio
ttii)
Co
co
-Plu
mC
oc
o-P
lum
Co
co
-Plu
mC
oc
o-P
lum
Co
co
-Plu
m(C
hry
sob
ala
nu
s ic
aco
)W
hit
e S
top
pe
rW
hit
e S
top
pe
rW
hit
e S
top
pe
rW
hit
e S
top
pe
rW
hit
e S
top
pe
r(E
ug
en
ia a
xil la
ris)
Re
d
Ch
ok
eb
err
yR
ed
C
ho
ke
be
rry
Re
d
Ch
ok
eb
err
yR
ed
C
ho
ke
be
rry
Re
d
Ch
ok
eb
err
y(P
hotin
ia p
yrifo
l ia)
Red
Bay
Red
Bay
Red
Bay
Red
Bay
Red
Bay
(Pe
rse
a b
orb
on
ia)
Ca
rol i
na
La
ure
l C
he
rry
Ca
rol i
na
La
ure
l C
he
rry
Ca
rol i
na
La
ure
l C
he
rry
Ca
rol i
na
La
ure
l C
he
rry
Ca
rol i
na
La
ure
l C
he
rry
(Pru
nus
caro
l inia
na)
6262626262
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Inv
as
ive
Ca
sto
rbe
an
Ca
sto
rbe
an
Ca
sto
rbe
an
Ca
sto
rbe
an
Ca
sto
rbe
an
Ch
ina
be
r ry
Ch
ina
be
r ry
Ch
ina
be
r ry
Ch
ina
be
r ry
Ch
ina
be
r ry
Ch
ine
se
Ta
llo
wC
hin
es
e T
all
ow
Ch
ine
se
Ta
llo
wC
hin
es
e T
all
ow
Ch
ine
se
Ta
llo
wtr
ee
tre
etr
ee
tre
etr
ee
Cli
mb
ing
F
ern
sC
lim
bin
g
Fe
rns
Cli
mb
ing
F
ern
sC
lim
bin
g
Fe
rns
Cli
mb
ing
F
ern
s(b
oth
)(b
oth
)(b
oth
)(b
oth
)(b
oth
)C
og
on
gra
ss
Co
go
ng
ras
sC
og
on
gra
ss
Co
go
ng
ras
sC
og
on
gra
ss
Co
ral
Ard
isia
Co
ral
Ard
isia
Co
ral
Ard
isia
Co
ral
Ard
isia
Co
ral
Ard
isia
Cre
ep
ing
Ox
ey
eC
ree
pin
g O
xe
ye
Cre
ep
ing
Ox
ey
eC
ree
pin
g O
xe
ye
Cre
ep
ing
Ox
ey
e
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Eld
erb
er r
yE
lde
rbe
r ry
Eld
erb
er r
yE
lde
rbe
r ry
Eld
erb
er r
y( S
ambu
cus
nigr
a )R
ed
Ma
ple
Re
d M
ap
leR
ed
Ma
ple
Re
d M
ap
leR
ed
Ma
ple
( Ace
r ru
brum
)D
ah
oo
n H
olly
Da
ho
on
Ho
llyD
ah
oo
n H
olly
Da
ho
on
Ho
llyD
ah
oo
n H
olly
( Ile
x ca
ssin
e)
Cro
ss
vin
eC
ros
sv
ine
Cro
ss
vin
eC
ros
sv
ine
Cro
ss
vin
e( B
igno
nia
capr
eola
ta)
Mu
hly
Gra
ss
Mu
hly
Gra
ss
Mu
hly
Gra
ss
Mu
hly
Gra
ss
Mu
hly
Gra
ss
( Mu
hle
nb
erg
ia c
ap
il la
ris )
Wa
x M
yrtl
eW
ax
Myr
tle
Wa
x M
yrtl
eW
ax
Myr
tle
Wa
x M
yrtl
e( M
yric
a ce
rife
ra)
Le
mo
n B
ac
op
aL
em
on
Ba
co
pa
Le
mo
n B
ac
op
aL
em
on
Ba
co
pa
Le
mo
n B
ac
op
a(B
acop
a ca
rol in
iana
)
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
( Ruh
s co
palli
num
)S
oa
pb
er r
yS
oa
pb
er r
yS
oa
pb
er r
yS
oa
pb
er r
yS
oa
pb
er r
y( S
apin
dus
sapo
nari
a)Y
au
po
n H
olly
Ya
up
on
Ho
llyY
au
po
n H
olly
Ya
up
on
Ho
llyY
au
po
n H
olly
( Ile
x vo
mito
ria)
Pa
ss
ion
flo
we
rP
as
sio
nfl
ow
er
Pa
ss
ion
flo
we
rP
as
sio
nfl
ow
er
Pa
ss
ion
flo
we
r( P
assi
flora
inc
arna
ta)
Pu
rple
L
ov
eg
ras
sP
urp
le
Lo
ve
gra
ss
Pu
rple
L
ov
eg
ras
sP
urp
le
Lo
ve
gra
ss
Pu
rple
L
ov
eg
ras
s( E
rag
rost
is s
pe
cta
bi l i
s)W
hit
e I
nd
igo
Be
rry
Wh
ite
In
dig
o B
err
yW
hit
e I
nd
igo
Be
rry
Wh
ite
In
dig
o B
err
yW
hit
e I
nd
igo
Be
rry
( Ran
dia
acul
eata
)B
ea
ch
Su
nfl
ow
er
Be
ac
h S
un
flo
we
rB
ea
ch
Su
nfl
ow
er
Be
ac
h S
un
flo
we
rB
ea
ch
Su
nfl
ow
er
( Hel
iant
hus
debi
ls )
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
( Am
orph
a fr
uitic
osa)
Pe
rsim
mo
nP
ers
imm
on
Pe
rsim
mo
nP
ers
imm
on
Pe
rsim
mo
n(D
iosp
yros
vir
gini
ana)
Ea
st P
ala
tka
Ho
llyE
ast
Pa
latk
a H
olly
Ea
st P
ala
tka
Ho
llyE
ast
Pa
latk
a H
olly
Ea
st P
ala
tka
Ho
lly(I
lex
x at
tenu
ata)
Co
rky
-Ste
m
Pa
ss
ion
-vin
eC
ork
y-S
tem
P
as
sio
n-v
ine
Co
rky
-Ste
m
Pa
ss
ion
-vin
eC
ork
y-S
tem
P
as
sio
n-v
ine
Co
rky
-Ste
m
Pa
ss
ion
-vin
e( P
ass
iflo
ra s
ub
ero
sa)
Wir
eg
ras
sW
ire
gra
ss
Wir
eg
ras
sW
ire
gra
ss
Wir
eg
ras
s(A
rist
ida
stri
cta
var.
bey
rich
iana
)W
ild C
off
ee
Wild
Co
ffe
eW
ild C
off
ee
Wild
Co
ffe
eW
ild C
off
ee
(Psy
chot
ria
nerv
osa)
Bla
nk
et
Flo
we
rB
lan
ke
t F
low
er
Bla
nk
et
Flo
we
rB
lan
ke
t F
low
er
Bla
nk
et
Flo
we
r(G
ail l
ard
ia p
ulc
he
l la)
6363636363
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
Ex
oti
cE
xo
tic
Ex
oti
cE
xo
tic
Ex
oti
c
Do
wn
y R
ose
Do
wn
y R
ose
Do
wn
y R
ose
Do
wn
y R
ose
Do
wn
y R
ose
my
rtle
my
r tle
my
r tle
my
r tle
my
r tle
Ku
dz
uK
ud
zu
Ku
dz
uK
ud
zu
Ku
dz
u
Me
lele
uc
aM
ele
leu
ca
Me
lele
uc
aM
ele
leu
ca
Me
lele
uc
a
Me
xica
n P
etu
nia
Me
xica
n P
etu
nia
Me
xica
n P
etu
nia
Me
xica
n P
etu
nia
Me
xica
n P
etu
nia
Ro
sary
Pe
aR
osa
ry P
ea
Ro
sary
Pe
aR
osa
ry P
ea
Ro
sary
Pe
a
Sc
he
ffle
raS
ch
eff
lera
Sc
he
ffle
raS
ch
eff
lera
Sc
he
ffle
ra
Sim
ple
lea
fS
imp
lele
af
Sim
ple
lea
fS
imp
lele
af
Sim
ple
lea
fC
ha
ste
tre
eC
ha
ste
tre
eC
ha
ste
tre
eC
ha
ste
tre
eC
ha
ste
tre
e
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
An
ise
An
ise
An
ise
An
ise
An
ise
( Illi
um s
pp. )
Oc
ea
nb
lue
Mo
rnin
g-
Oc
ea
nb
lue
Mo
rnin
g-
Oc
ea
nb
lue
Mo
rnin
g-
Oc
ea
nb
lue
Mo
rnin
g-
Oc
ea
nb
lue
Mo
rnin
g-
glo
ryg
lory
glo
ryg
lory
glo
ry( I
pom
oea
indi
ca v
ar.)
Ba
ld C
yp
res
sB
ald
Cy
pre
ss
Ba
ld C
yp
res
sB
ald
Cy
pre
ss
Ba
ld C
yp
res
s( T
axod
ium
dis
tichu
m)
Wild
Pe
tun
iaW
ild P
etu
nia
Wild
Pe
tun
iaW
ild P
etu
nia
Wild
Pe
tun
ia( R
ue
ll ia
ca
rol in
ien
sis )
Cl i
mb
ing
A
ste
rC
lim
bin
g
As
ter
Cli
mb
ing
A
ste
rC
lim
bin
g
As
ter
Cli
mb
ing
A
ste
r(S
ymph
yotr
ichu
mca
rol in
ian
um
)S
ug
arb
err
yS
ug
arb
err
yS
ug
arb
err
yS
ug
arb
err
yS
ug
arb
err
y( C
eltis
lae
viga
ta)
Ga
llb
err
yG
all
be
rry
Ga
llb
err
yG
all
be
rry
Ga
llb
err
y( I
lex
gla
bra
)
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Pyg
my
Fri
ng
e T
ree
Pyg
my
Fri
ng
e T
ree
Pyg
my
Fri
ng
e T
ree
Pyg
my
Fri
ng
e T
ree
Pyg
my
Fri
ng
e T
ree
(Chi
onan
thus
pyg
mae
us)
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
Co
ral
Ho
ne
ysu
ckle
(Lon
icer
a se
mpe
rvir
ens)
Lo
ng
Le
af
Pin
eL
on
g L
ea
f P
ine
Lo
ng
Le
af
Pin
eL
on
g L
ea
f P
ine
Lo
ng
Le
af
Pin
e( P
inu
s p
alu
stri
s)B
lue
Sa
ge
or
Lyr
ele
af
Sa
ge
Blu
e S
ag
e o
r L
yre
lea
f S
ag
eB
lue
Sa
ge
or
Lyr
ele
af
Sa
ge
Blu
e S
ag
e o
r L
yre
lea
f S
ag
eB
lue
Sa
ge
or
Lyr
ele
af
Sa
ge
( Sal
via
azur
ea o
r S
. ly
rata
)N
eck
lace
Po
dN
eck
lace
Po
dN
eck
lace
Po
dN
eck
lace
Po
dN
eck
lace
Po
d( S
opho
ra t
omen
tosa
var
. tr
unca
ta)
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
Win
ge
d S
um
ac
(Rhu
s co
pall i
num
)R
ust
y L
yon
iaR
ust
y L
yon
iaR
ust
y L
yon
iaR
ust
y L
yon
iaR
ust
y L
yon
ia( L
yoni
a fe
rrug
inea
)
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Re
d
Ch
ok
eb
err
yR
ed
C
ho
ke
be
rry
Re
d
Ch
ok
eb
err
yR
ed
C
ho
ke
be
rry
Re
d
Ch
ok
eb
err
y(P
hotin
ia p
yrifo
lia)
Ca
rolin
a J
ess
am
ine
C
aro
lina
Je
ssa
min
e
Ca
rolin
a J
ess
am
ine
C
aro
lina
Je
ssa
min
e
Ca
rolin
a J
ess
am
ine
(h
igh
ly t
oxi
c)( G
els
em
ium
se
mp
erv
ire
ns)
Sla
sh P
ine
Sla
sh P
ine
Sla
sh P
ine
Sla
sh P
ine
Sla
sh P
ine
(Pin
us
el l i
ott
i i )S
tok
e’s
A
ste
rS
tok
e’s
A
ste
rS
tok
e’s
A
ste
rS
tok
e’s
A
ste
rS
tok
e’s
A
ste
r(S
toke
sia
laev
is)
Co
ralb
ea
n
Co
ralb
ea
n
Co
ralb
ea
n
Co
ralb
ea
n
Co
ralb
ea
n (
hig
hly
to
xic)
(Ery
thri
na h
erba
cea)
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
Ba
sta
rd I
nd
igo
(Am
orph
a fr
uitic
osa)
Fe
tte
rbu
sh
Fe
tte
rbu
sh
Fe
tte
rbu
sh
Fe
tte
rbu
sh
Fe
tte
rbu
sh
( Lyo
nia
luci
da)
6464646464
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
No
n-N
ati
ve I
nva
sive
Pla
nt
Re
pla
cem
en
t R
eco
mm
en
da
tio
ns,
co
nti
nu
ed
Ex
oti
cE
xo
tic
Ex
oti
cE
xo
tic
Ex
oti
c
Su
rin
am
C
he
rry
Su
rin
am
C
he
rry
Su
rin
am
C
he
rry
Su
rin
am
C
he
rry
Su
rin
am
C
he
rry
Tro
pic
al
So
da
Ap
ple
Tro
pic
al
So
da
Ap
ple
Tro
pic
al
So
da
Ap
ple
Tro
pic
al
So
da
Ap
ple
Tro
pic
al
So
da
Ap
ple
Le
ad
tre
eL
ea
dtr
ee
Le
ad
tre
eL
ea
dtr
ee
Le
ad
tre
e
Win
ge
d Y
am
Win
ge
d Y
am
Win
ge
d Y
am
Win
ge
d Y
am
Win
ge
d Y
am
Wo
ma
n’s
To
ng
ue
Wo
ma
n’s
To
ng
ue
Wo
ma
n’s
To
ng
ue
Wo
ma
n’s
To
ng
ue
Wo
ma
n’s
To
ng
ue
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Na
tiv
e
Mo
ist
Wa
lte
r’s
V
ibu
rnu
mW
alt
er’
s
Vib
urn
um
Wa
lte
r’s
V
ibu
rnu
mW
alt
er’
s
Vib
urn
um
Wa
lte
r’s
V
ibu
rnu
m( V
ibur
num
obo
vatu
m)
Sca
rle
t H
ibis
cus
Sca
rle
t H
ibis
cus
Sca
rle
t H
ibis
cus
Sca
rle
t H
ibis
cus
Sca
rle
t H
ibis
cus
( Hib
iscu
s co
ccin
ea
)P
on
d A
pp
leP
on
d A
pp
leP
on
d A
pp
leP
on
d A
pp
leP
on
d A
pp
le( A
nnon
a gl
abra
)M
oo
nfl
ow
er
Mo
on
flo
we
rM
oo
nfl
ow
er
Mo
on
flo
we
rM
oo
nfl
ow
er
(Ipo
moe
a al
ba)
Sw
ee
t B
ay
Ma
gn
olia
Sw
ee
t B
ay
Ma
gn
olia
Sw
ee
t B
ay
Ma
gn
olia
Sw
ee
t B
ay
Ma
gn
olia
Sw
ee
t B
ay
Ma
gn
olia
( Mag
nolia
vir
gini
ana )
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Na
tiv
e
Dry
Sh
iny
Blu
eb
err
yS
hin
y B
lue
be
rry
Sh
iny
Blu
eb
err
yS
hin
y B
lue
be
rry
Sh
iny
Blu
eb
err
y( V
acc
iniu
m m
yrsi
nite
s)B
ea
ch T
ea
Be
ach
Te
aB
ea
ch T
ea
Be
ach
Te
aB
ea
ch T
ea
( Cro
ton
punc
tatu
s)B
lac
k
Iro
nw
oo
dB
lac
k
Iro
nw
oo
dB
lac
k
Iro
nw
oo
dB
lac
k
Iro
nw
oo
dB
lac
k
Iro
nw
oo
d( K
rugi
oden
dron
fer
reum
)B
lue
Ja
cq
ue
mo
nti
aB
lue
Ja
cq
ue
mo
nti
aB
lue
Ja
cq
ue
mo
nti
aB
lue
Ja
cq
ue
mo
nti
aB
lue
Ja
cq
ue
mo
nti
a( J
acqu
emon
tia p
enta
ntho
s )
Pig
nu
t H
icko
ryP
ign
ut
Hic
kory
Pig
nu
t H
icko
ryP
ign
ut
Hic
kory
Pig
nu
t H
icko
ry(C
arya
gla
bra)
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Na
tiv
e
Ge
ne
ral
Ya
up
on
Ho
llyY
au
po
n H
olly
Ya
up
on
Ho
llyY
au
po
n H
olly
Ya
up
on
Ho
lly(I
lex
vom
itori
a)S
aw
Pa
lme
tto
Sa
w P
alm
ett
oS
aw
Pa
lme
tto
Sa
w P
alm
ett
oS
aw
Pa
lme
tto
(Ser
enoa
rep
ens)
Liv
e O
ak
Liv
e O
ak
Liv
e O
ak
Liv
e O
ak
Liv
e O
ak
(Qu
erc
us
virg
inia
na
)C
ora
l H
on
ey
su
ck
leC
ora
l H
on
ey
su
ck
leC
ora
l H
on
ey
su
ck
leC
ora
l H
on
ey
su
ck
leC
ora
l H
on
ey
su
ck
le(L
onic
era
sem
perv
iren
s)S
ou
the
rn M
ag
no
lia
So
uth
ern
Ma
gn
oli
aS
ou
the
rn M
ag
no
lia
So
uth
ern
Ma
gn
oli
aS
ou
the
rn M
ag
no
lia
(Mag
nolia
gra
ndifl
ora)
No
n-N
ati
ve
In
va
siv
e
Pla
nt
Re
pla
ce
me
nt
No
tes
:N
on
-Na
tiv
e
Inv
as
ive
P
lan
t R
ep
lac
em
en
t N
ote
s:
No
n-N
ati
ve
In
va
siv
e
Pla
nt
Re
pla
ce
me
nt
No
tes
:N
on
-Na
tiv
e
Inv
as
ive
P
lan
t R
ep
lac
em
en
t N
ote
s:
No
n-N
ati
ve
In
va
siv
e
Pla
nt
Re
pla
ce
me
nt
No
tes
:A
ll n
ati
ve
pla
nts
lis
ted
he
re a
s r
ep
lac
em
en
ts f
or
inv
as
ive
ex
oti
c p
lan
ts a
re o
nly
su
gg
es
tio
ns
. T
his
lis
t is
no
t a
l l i
nc
lus
ive
. T
o f
ind
ou
t m
ore
ab
ou
t th
e b
es
t p
lan
t fo
r y
ou
r s
ite
or
wh
at
is a
va
i la
ble
in
yo
ur
are
a,
co
nta
ct
yo
ur
loc
al
na
tiv
e p
lan
t n
urs
ery
or
ex
ten
sio
n
off
ice
. L
isti
ng
s f
or
na
tiv
e p
lan
t n
urs
eri
es
ca
n b
e f
ou
nd
at
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
fnn
.org
.
6565656565
This publication was produced by the BrevardCounty Natural Resources Management Office
Printed July 2006
Funding for this publication was made possiblethrough a grant from the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) CoastalImpact Assistance Program. Additional fundsfor printing this publication were provided by
the Brevard County EnvironmentallyEndangered Lands Program.
http://natres.brevardcounty.us(321) 633-2016