hazard identification and control

1 © Geigle Communications - Hazard Identification and Control

Hazard Identification and Control

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Workshop goals

• Explore the elements of an effective hazard identification and control program.

• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and control process.

• Complete the hazard identification and control worksheet.


Form Teams


IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

It takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an accident.

Hazard + Exposure Accident


An U

C

and it’s P !

that could cause an I

to an E .

P

I

(Extra Credit)

or

or

What is a "hazard?" Complete the sentence below.

nsafe

ondition

ractice

njury

llness

mployee

reventable


What is “Exposure?”

• How close are you to the "danger zone"?

• Physical exposure - generally arm’s length

• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.


• They are specific: if you can point to a person or a thing, it's a surface symptom

• They may exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere

• They may directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident

• They likely represent the outputs of a flawed safety management system

• They are important clues revealing root causes

Conditions and behaviors are just the symptoms


• Conditions account for _____ % of all workplace accidents.

• Behaviors account for _____ % of all workplace accidents.

• Uncontrollable acts account for ____ % of all workplace accidents.

3

95

2

Conclusion: Management has some degree of control over 98% of the causes for all accidents in the workplace!


The underlying root causes must be diagnosed and treated!

System Design Defects - Missing or inadequate program development

• One or more inadequate policies, plans, programs, processes, procedures, practices

• Inadequate resources - money, time, people, materials, etc.

• Assures inadequate implementation of the safety management system

• Have the greatest positive or negative impact on the safety management system


System Performance Defects - Failure to accomplish action plans

• Managers, supervisors, or employees fail to effectively carry out safety policies, plans, processes, procedures or management practices

• They produce common hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors, or

• They produce repeated unique hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors


How to develop an effective safety and health checklist.

• Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace.

• Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace.

• Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.

Inspections1

Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards


Who's involved in the inspection process?

What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process?

What process(es) can we use to overcome this weakness?


Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety.

• Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

Observation2


1. The Background/Introduction

2. The Findings

3. The Recommendations

4. The Conclusion/Summary

Writing Effective Inspection Reports


• Watch your language. Examples?• Keep it simple. How?• Reward appropriate performance.

Which?

How can we most effectively recognize employees for reporting hazards?

Report Identified Hazards


The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...

• Break a job or task into specific steps.

• Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.

• Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

• Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).

3SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________

Step 1 Description: _________________________________________________________

Hazards

Preventive Measure(s) Required

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________


Hazards


1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________


Hazards


1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________


Hazards


1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________


Hazards


1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________


Hazards


1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

Safe Job Procedure

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process?


Incident/Accident Analysis4

What are the basic steps for conducting an accident investigation?

The six-step process

Gather InformationSecure the scene

Collect facts




Gather Information

Analyze The Facts

Secure the scene

Collect facts

Develop sequence

Determine causes




Gather Information

Analyze The Facts

Implement Solutions

Secure the scene

Collect facts

Develop sequence

Determine causes

Recommendations

Write the report


What is the purpose of the incident/accident analysis?


Be ready when accidents happen

1. Write a clear policy statement.

2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies

3. Designate those responsible to investigate.

4. Train all accident investigators.

5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking corrective action.

6. Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective action.


Inspect to identify potential accidents

Struck-by

Struck-against

Contact-by

Contact-with

Caught-on

Caught-in

Caught-between

Fall-To-surface

Fall-To-below

Over-exertion

Bodily reaction

Over-exposure


No recognition planInadequate training plan

No accountability policy No inspection policy

No discipline procedures

No orientation process

Inadequate training

Fails to enforceLack of time

No recognition

CutsBurns

Lack

of v

isio

n

Strains

No

mis

sion

sta

tem

ent

Direct Cause of Injury

Surface Causes

RootCauses

Weed out the causes of injuries and accidents


Direct Cause of injury- A harmful transfer of energy that produces injury or illness.

Surface Causes of accident - Specific hazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors that result in an accident.

Root Causes of the accident - Common behaviors and conditions that ultimately result in an accident.


Probability

• Unlikely to Certain

Severity

• Other than serious -

• Serious physical harm -

• Death -

Analyze to Determine Risk


Factors that increase risk• The number of employees exposed;

• The frequency and duration of exposure;

• The proximity of employees to the point of danger;

• Potential severity of the injury or illness

• Factors that require work under stress;

• Factors that increase severity;

• Lack of proper training and supervision or improper workplace design; or

• Other factors which may significantly affect the degree of probability of an accident occurring.


1. Engineering Controls - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities


CONTROLLING HAZARDS


2. Management Controls - Attempt to limit exposure to hazards.



Why are engineering controls considered superior to management controls?


Control hazards with effective education and training

When is it important to train employees?

How do we know safety education and training has been effective?


DOCUMENT SAFETY TRAINING!

Sample training certification for specific tasks

• Trainee certification

• Trainer certification

• Supervisor validation

If it isn’t in writing…it didn’t get done…


Personal Protective Equipment

What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers?

Interim measures


Effective Maintenance Processes

Two equipment maintenance programs

1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly.

2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly.

How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?


Hazard Tracking Procedures

Hazard Description Reported Date Correct Responsible DateNumber by Reported by Supervisor Corrected

XYZ Hazard Tracking Log

0301 Lathe #3, needs guard Smith 9/9/03 9/15/03 J ones 9/14/03

0302 Dock needs warning stripes Wilson 9/12/03 9/30/03 J ordan


Plan evaluation

Team Exercise: Discuss the processes your organization uses to evaluate the safety management system.


Continual improvement

Consider how the change you propose will impact elements of the safety management system.


Safety management systems include critical elements:

1. Management Commitment2. Accountability3. Employee Involvement4. Hazard Identification and Control5. Incident/Accident Investigation6. Education and Training7. Plan Evaluation


Successful change requires effective design and performance

Implement improvements

Monitorprocess

Adopt, abandon, or revise program

as needed

Continual feedback

Plan and develop

improvements

What will happen if a change is not carefully designed or carried out effectively?

Plan Do Study Act


THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Team Exercise: View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards, system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity, corrective actions and system improvement.

Hazard Analysis Worksheet

Describe the Hazard:

Possible Accident Type(s):

Accident Cost Estimates:

Risk:

Recommended Corrective Action(s):

Recommended System Improvement(s):

Benefits:


FINAL EXAM!

You must pass this test to receive credit for this class. Just follow these instructions, and answer the questions one at a time and as quickly as you can!


Think of a number from 1 to 10

Multiply that number by 9


If the number is a 2-digit number.

Add the digits together.

Subtract 5 from that number.


Determine which letter in the alphabet corresponds to the number you ended up with.

(example: 1=a, 2=b, 3=c, etc.)


Think of a country that starts with that letter.

Remember the last letter of the name of that country.


Think of the name of an animal that starts with that letter.

Remember the last letter in the name of that animal.


Think of the name of a fruit that starts with that letter.


Are you thinking of a Kangaroo in Denmark eating an Orange?


If not, you're among the 2% of the population whose minds are different enough to think of something else.


Let’s

Review!

hazard identification and control

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