ice profile classification - matthew wadham-gagnon
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Ice Profile ClassificationBased on ISO 12494
Presented by:
Matthew Wadham-Gagnon
2012-02-12
WinterWind 2013
2
Co-authors
Dominic Bolduc, TCE, QC, Canada
Bruno Boucher, TCE, QC, Canada
Amélie Camion, Repower Systems Inc, QC, Canada
Jens Petersen, Repower Systems SE, Germany
Hannes Friedrich, Repower Systems SE, Germany
Content
• Introduction to TCE
• Motivation
• Methodology– Measurement Campaign
– Ice profile classification using ISO 12494
• Example of data for one icing event
• Summary for winter 2011-2012
• Conclusions/Further work
TCE infrastructure location
Over 900MW in operation
TCE R&D wind farm
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TCE office
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TCE R&D Wind Farm
www.eolien.qc.ca
• Two 2.05 MW RepowerMM92 CCV wind turbines
• Located in Riviere-au-Renard, Québec, Canada
• Icing & complex terrain
• Commissionned in March2010
• Research, developmentand technology transferprojects involvingnorthern climates andcomplex terrain.
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TCE 126m Met Mast
Compliant withCSA-S37-01
(DLC: 40 mm of iceand 57 m/s)
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TCE 126m Met Mast• 5 levels of unheated class 1
anemometers
• 3 levels of heated anemometers
• 2 levels of heated and unheatedwind vanes
• Ceilometer to detect cloudheight
• 4 levels of thermometers
• Hygrometer
1Hz data acquisition in Osisoft PI
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TCE Micro Grid
www.eolien.qc.ca
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TCE Micro Grid
www.eolien.qc.ca
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Infrastructure Topographic Layout
projected
projected
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Objective/MotivationsWhat:• Quantify ice load during different icing events
Why:• To validate and/or improve theoretical ice accretion
models• To correlate with meteorological measurements,
production loss and ice induced vibration• To evaluate the performance of anti-icing and de-icing
technologies
Ice Measurement Campaign
• Ongoing since October 2011• Intended to continue until at least winter 2013-2014
• Observations during icing events• Remote Cameras• Ice throw• Meteorological and production data
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• Pictures taken from the ground
23 days of observed ice on blades (Winter 2011-2012)
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Observations - Blades
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Observations – Nacelle Weather Mast
• Remote Camera on Nacelle – 5 min intervals
800+ hours of icing on nacelle weather mast (Winter 2011-2012)
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Ice throw
• Shape, size, weight, distance from tower
• 150+ fragments of ice from blades collected to date
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Estimating Ice Load using ISO 12494
• ISO 12494 – for RIME– Ice Class (IC) for Rime (R) scale 1 to 10 according to kg/m of ice on
structure, shape and dimensions of ice varies depending onstructure size and shape
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Estimating Ice Load using ISO 12494
• ISO 12494 – for GLAZE (Freezing Rain)– Ice Class (IC) for Glaze (G) scale 1 to 6 according to ice thickness
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Nacelle Weather Mast Load Classification
• Weather mast ice load estimation– “D” measured,– “L” estimated, higher error but more data
D
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Blade Ice Load Classification
• Blade ice load estimation– “L” measured– “D” estimated– Limited amount of pictures covering the duration of an icing event.
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Ice throw Load Classification
• Used to validate blade ice load– More accurate measurement– Precise time of ice shed unknown
D
L
W’h W
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Ice Class Rime 1 (ICR1) – 0 to 0.5 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 2 (ICR2) – 0.5 to 0.9 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 3 (ICR3) – 0.9 to 1.6 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 4 (ICR4) – 1.6 to 2.8 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 5 (ICR5) – 2.8 to 5.0 kg/m
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Example Icing Event
• April 21 to 23, 2012• Rime, ICR3 to ICR5
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Meteorological Icing (Ice Sensor)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Met. Icing (ice sensor)
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Met. Icing (Cloud Height & Temp.)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-6-4-202468
101214
Tem
p(o
C)
WEC1 Temp MMV2 78m T MMV2 11m Min CH
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T)
CH (m
)
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Instrumental Icing (WEC unheated anemo)
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
WS
(m/s
)
WS1 WS2
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Instr. Icing (MMV2 126m unheat anemo)
05
101520253035
WS
(m/s
)
MMV2 126m U MMV2 126m H
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)
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Instr. Icing (MMV2 80m unheat anemo)
05
101520253035
WS
(m/s
)
MMV2 80m U MMV2 80m H
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)
Instr. Icing (126m) Instr. Icing (78m)
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Instr. Icing (MMV2 34m unheat anemo)
05
101520253035
WS
(m/s
)
MMV2 34m U MMV2 34m H
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)
Instr. Icing (126m) Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m)
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WEC1 Production Loss
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Pow
er (k
W)
Power CPC
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)
Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m) Prod. Loss (WEC1)
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Production Loss (WEC2)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Pow
er (k
W)
Power CPC
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)
Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m) Prod. Loss (WEC1) Prod. Loss (WEC2)
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Nacelle Weather Mast Ice Load
0
1
2
3
4
5
ICR
Met mast
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)Instr. Icing (126m) Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m)Prod. Loss (WEC1) Prod. Loss (WEC2) Nacelle WM
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Blade Ice Load
0
1
2
3
4
5
ICR
Iced Blade Met mast
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m) Prod. Loss (WEC1) Prod. Loss (WEC2)Nacelle WM Observ.
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Example Icing Event
• April 21 to 23, 2012• Rime, ICR3 to ICR5
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Power Curve
• Production loss during april 20-23 icing event
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Pow
er (k
W)
WS (m/s)
Icing Event Data
GPCNon-iced Production
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Power Curve
• Power curve estimations based on ice classification andproduction losses of all icing events in Winter 2011-2012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Pow
er (k
W)
WS (m/s)
GPC
ICR2&3
ICR4&5
Non-iced Prod.
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Nacelle Weather Mast Load Classification
• Weather mast occurrence of icing severity over the courseof the winter
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Winter 2011-2012 in numbers
Meteorological Icing ~200 hoursInstrumental Icing ~400 hoursNacelle WM icing 800+ hoursIce observed on blades 23 daysProduction Loss ~140 hoursProduction Loss (% AEP) ~1.5%Hours of ICR2&3 ~300 hoursHours of ICR4&5 ~100 hoursHours of Glaze ~100 hours
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Conclusions
• Improved understanding of the severity of icing events
• Measurement Campaign database can be used to validatesimulation models (e.g. weather, ice accretion)
• Methodology can be applied to assessing performance of iceprotection technologies
• Nacelle weather mast ice severity correlates to blade icingseverity
• Duration of weather mast icing generally much longer thanblade icing
• How to make measurement of icing severity on blades couldbe more accurate and more frequent?
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Checker board tape
• In order to get a better estimation of blade ice load andposition along span of blade
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Hub Camera
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Ongoing – Automation of Image Analysis
ICR= 5
In Collaboration with:
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References
IEA Wind Task 19, Expert Group Study on Recommended Practices: 13. Wind Energy Projects in ColdClimates, 1. Edition 2011
ISO 12494:2001, Atmospehiric Icing of Structures, International Organisation for Standardization, 2001
Thank you, Tack, Danke, Merci!
Matthew Wadham-Gagnon, eng, M.engProject [email protected]
70, rue Bolduc, Gaspé (Québec) G4X 1G2Canada
Tél. : +1 418 368-6162