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IBBT Tr@ins projectTRAIN IP Network ServicesTRAIN IP Network Services

Jan Van Ooteghem & Daan Pareit

UGent – IBCN

05/11/2008

Railway Interiors Expo, Amsterdam RAI

IBBT: Demand driven ICT research

Government

Companies

new mediaeHealth

eGovernment

mobility

Government

Non-profit

enabling

technologies

Tr@ins project

� Apr 2006 – Mar 2008

� Tr@ins = TRAin IP Network Services

� Focus on

� Technical

� Broadband Internet

Research groups

� Broadband Internet

� Onboard mobility support

� Uninterrupted Internet

� Quality of Service

� Economical

� User studies

� Business model

Industrial partners

IBBT Tr@ins project

ConclusionsTechnical Business model

NAT

DHCP

AAA

Train management

NOC

Internet

Mobility Management

Local content

Mobility Management

Onboard network

� Horizontal handover

� From Access Point to Access Point

� Switch in < 50 ms for VoIP

NAT

DHCP

AAA

Train management

NOC

Internet

Mobility Management

Local content

Mobility Management

Fast Roaming WLAN Switch for Rail Systems

Radius

ServerGateway

Trackside network: WLAN Fast Handover

Fast Roaming

WLAN AP

Fast Roaming

WLAN AP

Fast Roaming

WLAN AP

Fast Roaming

WLAN AP

Fast Roaming

WLAN Client

Data – 802.11a/g

Control – 802.11h

Roaming time

Average 5.64 ms

Std. dev. 0.05 ms

NAT

DHCP

AAA

Train management

NOC

Internet

Mobility Management

Mobility

Management

Local content

Mobility Management

Mobility

Management

NAT

DHCP

AAA

Train management

NOC

Internet

Mobility

Management

Local content

Mobility

Management

…

Mobility Management Central Mobility Management Train

1

…

1

M

1

Da

ta p

lan

e

N…

1

M

GatewayAggregation

unit

GatewayAggregation

unit… N MBuffer

QoS-

scheduler

Data

analysis

QoS management

…

1

M

1

…BufferQoS-

scheduler

Data

analysis

QoS management

Handover protocol

Tunnel management

Monitoring

Handover protocol

Tunnel management

PDF

Monitoring

Co

ntr

ol

pla

ne

5 QoS-classes:

• Background: FTP• Best effort: Surfing, Email• Streaming: Video stream• Interactive: VoIP call• Priority: Crew Comm.

QoS classes are mapped on outgoing links

(Load balancing)

…


QoS management

…

1

N …

1

M

1

M

Da

ta p

lan

e

QoS management

…

1

M

1

N

…

…

1

M

GatewayAggregation

unitBuffer

QoS-

scheduler

Data

analysis

GatewayAggregation

unitBuffer

QoS-

scheduler

Data

analysis

Handover protocol

Tunnel management

Monitoring

Handover protocol

Tunnel management

Monitoring

Co

ntr

ol

pla

ne

PDF

•Decides on interfaces to be used

•Decision based on:

•SNR, packet loss, traffic measurements

•GPS, speed & management info

•IEEE 802.21 MIH events and triggers

•Load balancing, cost

…


QoS management

…

1

N …

1

M

1

M

Da

ta p

lan

e

QoS management

…

1

M

1

N

…

…

1

M

GatewayAggregation

unitBuffer

QoS-

scheduler

Data

analysis

GatewayAggregation

unitBuffer

QoS-

scheduler

Data

analysis

•Two alternatives

•Mobile IP (MIP)

•Mobile SCTP (mSCTP)

•Multihoming

•Reliability

•Packet aggregation

•User devices don’t need to be mSCTP or MIP-aware

Tunnel management

Monitoring

Tunnel management

PDF

Monitoring

Co

ntr

ol

pla

ne Handover protocol Handover protocol

Handover protocol

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

Throughput(Mbps)

L2 Throughput in a WLAN

IP

SC

TP

CH

UN

K

TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP IP

SC

TP

CH

UN

K

TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP

Effective

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

0 500 1000 1500

(Mbps)

Passenger IP packet size (bytes)

mSCTP

MIP

IP TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP IP TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP

Handover protocol

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

Throughput(Mbps)

L2 Throughput in a WLAN

IP

SC

TP

CH

UN

K

TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP

CH

UN

K

TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP …

Effective

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

0 500 1000 1500

(Mbps)

Passenger IP packet size (bytes)

mSCTP

MIP

IP TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP IP TC

P/

UD

P Passenger

data

IP

IBBT Tr@ins project


Forecasting

Determining

rollout scheme

Forecasting the

number of

train passengers

Flowchart business case

Technology

assignment

Cost/benefit

model

Evaluation

Calculating

potential Internet

on train users

Determining

min. technology

requirements

Computing

technical

scenarios

Calculating

cost / benefit

model

Output business

model

Forecasting

60000

80000

100000

Nu

mb

er

of

pa

ss

en

ge

rs p

er

da

y

Relation

Oostende - Eupen

Passenger forecasting

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

First class adoption

Second class adoption

0

20000

40000

60000

Nu

mb

er

of

pa

ss

en

ge

rs p

er

da

y

Adoption

0%

2%

4%

6%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Technology assignment

Technology mapping

None - UMTS – HSDPA – WiMAX

2008

2009

2010

20112011

2012

UMTS +

WiMAX

Cost parameters

Wireless

data

networks

Mobile

networks

Satellite

networks

Train equipment � Outdoor antenna

� Indoor network+ + +++

Network equipment � Trackside network

� NOC+++ + +C

ap

Ex

� NOC

General costs � Helpdesk

� Sales (billing)

� Marketing

++ ++ ++

Operations � Maintenance and repair

� Network management

� License costs

+++ + ++

Network connection � Outdoor link + +++ ++

Op

Ex

Revenue schemes

� Ticket types

� Prepaid cards per hour (e.g. hotspot service)

� Monthly subscriptions

� Ticket price

� Dependent on offered service: €2.9 – €3.9 (5 - 55 kbps)� Dependent on offered service: €2.9 – €3.9 (5 - 55 kbps)

� Service of 30 kbps: Prepaid: €3.4 / Subscription: €18

� Two revenue scenarios

� Both first and second class paying

� First class free Internet, second class paying

�� Modal switch from 1st to 2nd class!!!

NPV analysis (10 years, 15% discount rate, 1st class free Internet)

0

5

10

15

NP

V [

M€

]

UMTS

WIMAX

UMTS + WIMAX

WIMAX + UMTS

-15

-10

-5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

NP

V [

M

Bandwidth per user [kbps]

WIMAX + UMTS

WiMAX STAT.

SAT 1 WAY

SAT 2 WAY

-5

-10

-15

30 kbps per individual user ≈ user experience of ± 1 Mbps

0

5

10

15

NP

V [

M€

]

UMTS

WIMAX

UMTS + WIMAX

WIMAX + UMTS

NPV analysis (10 years, 15% discount rate, 1st class free Internet)

-15

-10

-5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

NP

V [

M

Bandwidth per user [kbps]

WIMAX + UMTS

WiMAX STAT.

SAT 1 WAY

SAT 2 WAY

-5

-10

-15

30 kbps per individual user ≈ user experience of ± 1 Mbps

Sensitivity results

-94%

2%

1%

1%

-1%

-100% -50% 0% 50% 100%

Bandwidth per user

Number of SIM cards per train


Modal switch

Cellular bandwidth cost

CASE 1 Mobile networks

Due to the high bandwidth

cost for UMTS

UMTS

51%

30%

-10%

4%

2%

-100% -50% 0% 50% 100%


Bandwidth per user

Tariff per hour

Modal switch

Leasing percentage poles

CASE 5

Full WiMAX network

More users + more

bandwidth (less important

with dedicated networks)

= higher revenue

WiMAX

IBBT Tr@ins project


Summary 1

When more bandwidth is guaranteed to the customer:

� UMTS cases

� Only UMTS: Problems � No QoS

� Combination with WiMAX: QoS can be guaranteed� Combination with WiMAX: QoS can be guaranteed

� Pre-installation WiMAX: more optimized network rollout

� WiMAX case:

� Only interesting for large bandwidth

� Satellite cases:

� UMTS as gap filler: bandwidth problems

� 1Way Satellite: uplink bandwidth problems (UMTS)

� 2Way Satellite: less dependent of bandwidth

Summary 2

� Combination of technologies required

� Dense railway network: UMTS + WiMAX

� Rural railway network: Satellite solutions

� Business case

� Positive case in Belgium is possible� Positive case in Belgium is possible

� Influenced by many factors

� User forecasting, rollout scheme, offered bandwidth

� Business models

� Role and participation of the partners important

Thank you!

Contacts:

[email protected]

[email protected]

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