i ntegrated m arine b iogeochemistry and e cosystem r esearch
DESCRIPTION
I ntegrated M arine B iogeochemistry and E cosystem R esearch. “…to provide a comprehensive understanding of, and accurate predictive capacity for, ocean responses to accelerating global change and the consequent effects on the Earth System and human society ”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IIntegratedntegrated MMarinearine BBiogeochemistry iogeochemistry
andand EEcosystemcosystem RResearchesearch “…to provide a comprehensive understanding of, and accurate predictive capacity for, ocean responses to accelerating global change and the consequent effects on the Earth System and human society”
CLIVAR SSG Meeting2-5 May, 2011
IOC/UNESCO, Paris
Ken Drinkwater and Eileen Hoffman
Presentation Outline
• IMBER research focus
• IMBER program structure
• Some recent activities
• IMBER science
• CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration
investigate the sensitivity of marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems to global change, on time scales ranging from years to decades
IMBER RESEARCH FOCUS IMBER RESEARCH FOCUS
FOUR RESEARCHFOUR RESEARCH
THEMESTHEMES
Interactions between biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs
Sensitivity to global change
Feedbacks to the Earth System
Responses of society
www.IMBER.info/SPIS.html
IMBER Science Plan and IMBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Implementation Strategy
SPIS (2005)SPIS (2005)
Supplement to the SPIS Supplement to the SPIS (2010)(2010)
IMBER II - next five years
IMBER Scientific Steering Committee (16 members)
IPO
National contactsRegional Project Office
Human Dimensions
Working Groups / Task Teams
Carbon Research
Data Management
Continental Margins
Capacity Building
ICEDSIBER
CLIOTOPESSAS
RegionalActivities
EUR-OCEANSCARBOCHANGE
ContributingProjects
IMBER Scientists
SPONSORSStructure
IMBER National Network (2011)IMBER National Network (2011)
IMBER Endorsed Projects (24) IMBER National Contacts
CLIOTOP
Synthesis along Regional Programs ESSAS
ICED
SIBER
IMBER Regional ProgrammesIMBER Regional Programmes
Four IMBER Regional ProgrammesFour IMBER Regional Programmes
ESSAS: ESSAS: Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic SeasSeasTo understand how climate change will affect the marine ecosystems of the Sub-Arctic Seas and their sustainability.Leaders: K. Drinkwater (Norway) and G. Hunt (US)
CLIOTOP: CLIOTOP: CLimate Impacts on Oceanic TOp CLimate Impacts on Oceanic TOp PredatorsPredatorsTo study oceanic top predators within their ecosystems using a worldwide comparative approach.Leaders: O. Maury (France) and A. Hobday (UK)
ICED: ICED: Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics in the Southern OceanDynamics in the Southern OceanTo better understand climate interactions in the Southern Ocean, the implications for ecosystem dynamics, the impacts on biogeochemical cycles, and the development of sustainable management procedures. Leader: E. Murphy (UK)
SIBER: Sustained Indian Ocean SIBER: Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological Research Biogeochemical and Ecological Research Basin-wide program in the Indian Ocean focused on biogeochemical and ecological research, with existing and planned observing systems and expeditions providing the observational backbone.Leaders: Raleigh R. Hood (US) and S. Wajih A. Naqvi (India)Strong involvement with CLIVAR-IOP
Recent IMBER ActivitiesClimECOClimECO22 - - Oceans, Marine Ecosystems, and Society facing Oceans, Marine Ecosystems, and Society facing
Climate Change - A multidisciplinary approach Climate Change - A multidisciplinary approach
Leader: Y-M. Paulet, IUEM, France
An international Summer School co-organized by IMBER, IUEM, and Europôle Mer, 23-27 August 2010, Brest, France
Objective:To provide participants with an overview of knowledge, methods, models and approaches for analyzing the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems and the consequences for society
75 students and scientists attend the summer school.
http://www.imber.info/IMBIZO.html
IMBIZO ll
Workshop 1Workshop 1: The effect of varying element ratios on community structure at low trophic levels and food quality at mid and high trophic levels
Workshop 2Workshop 2: Large-scale regional comparisons of marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes - research approaches and results -Special Issue of J Mar Syst
Workshop 3Workshop 3: Sensitivity of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles to enhanced stratification -Special Issue Prog in Oceanogr
125 Attendees
A hands-on “Dry Cruise” workshop, based on the IMBER Data Management Cookbook was held priort to the IMBIO with 30 participants.
IMBER ScienceOcean Acidification
Atmospheric carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean has increased and this is shifting the pH of seawater to be more acid
Lowered pH affects ocean organisms that have calcareous structures
Joint IMBER/SOLAS Carbon Working Group on Ocean Acidification
Chair: Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Objectives
Coordinate international research efforts
Undertake synthesis activities at the international level
Establishment of an International Coordination Office is underway
IMBER Ocean Acidification Research
IMBER ScienceComparative Studies of Southern Ocean
Food Webs
HighAntarctic
SubAntarctic
LowProduction High Production
Seasonal length
Differences due toCirculation
Sea-iceBiogeochemistry
Light levelsSeasonality
Comparative Studies of Southern Ocean Food Webs• Differences in light, sea ice,
day length• controls - CDW/Southern
ACC boundary versus Southern ACC Front
• advective influences - closed versus open system
• self sustaining krill population versus non-local inputs of krill
• high productivity - natural iron fertilization through different mechanisms
• Support large populations of predators which depend on Antarctic krill
Western Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia
Connectivity is through Antarctic krill transport
Southern ACC Front
Alternative pathways buffer change. but may not support long-term change
Need better quantification of alternative pathways
Alternative Food Web Pathways
High krill Low krill
Temperature Effect on Snow Crabs
Temperature °C
n=24 p=0.006 n=21 p=0.020
n=32 p=0.107 n=35 p=0.001
Temperature °C
Neg
ativ
e re
latio
nshi
p; N
o ef
fect
of
gado
ids
ESSAS
August “traditional”
Hjálmar Vilhjálmsson
Recent years
Capelin Distribution
August present condition
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
Smith Sound
Saturation state for seawater with respect to aragonite (Ωarg) in the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago and the Labrador Sea
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Baffin Bay
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0The Labrador Sea
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0Davis Strait
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Barrow Strait
S N
0 50 100-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0Hudson Strait
S N (Kumiko Azetsu-Scott et al., 2010)
• Seattle, May 22-26• Comparative studies of climate effects on polar
and sub-polar ocean ecosystems: progress in observations and predictions
• Sessions on comparative studies, IPY, biogeochemistry, human dimensions, Bering Sea, modelling, gadoids and crusteans, ESSAS programs
• Strong emphasis on physical forcing• ICES, PICES, IOC, etc. as co-sponsors
ESSAS Open Science Meeting
ICES/PICES AMO Workshop
• June 6-10, 2011, Woods Hole, USA
• Dealing with physics and biology
• Aims to improve our understanding of the forcing mechanisms, the physical responses, biological responses, etc.
Thoughts on CLIVAR-IMBER Collaboration• Circulation – Large scale (i.e. MOC) and regional• NAO, PDO, ENSO, AMO, etc.• Vertical Stratification• Upwelling and changes in winds
• CO2 fluxes and role of atmosphere and oceans
• Climate Change – Regional Downscaling• Natural vs Anthropogenic Changes
Need to match spatial and temporal scales.
Biological feedbacks on the climate system.
To Stay Informed
Contact the IPO to recieve the IMBER e-NEWS and Newsletter
http://www.imber.info