hydrostar x1

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FLUXSTAR MAGNETIC FIELD MODIFYING ASSEMBLY AND INTEGRAL PULSE WIDTH

FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE MODULATOR FORPHOTO CATYLITIC CLOSED LOOP OPEN CELL

ELECTROLYSING OF WATER FOR HYDROGEN FUEL EXTRACTION.

Permanent magnet

Ferromagnetic core.

Modulated DC Charge Outputfor electrolysing of aqueous NaClH2O solution.

DC Input

Fig 1.

Q1 Q1

Q1 Q1

L1 L1

L2 L2

L1L2

L1L2

+- -

Electrolyser cathode. Electrolyser

anode.

Electrolyser cathode.

Electrolyser cathode.

Electrolyser OpenWater Cell.

ValveWater

2

MANIFOLD

TRANSPARENT ELECTROLYTECHAMBER.

ELECTRODE

FUEL GAS DISCHARGE VALVE

FUEL GAS DISCHARGE VALVE

CONCEPT FLUXSTAR ELECTROLYSER

3

DISPLACED ELECTROLYTERESERVIOUR

CATHODECATHODE

ANODE

TELESCOPIC HEIGHT ADJUSTABLEWATER COLLUMN PRESSURE VALVE.

CONCEPT FLUXSTAR ELECTROLYSER

Na- Cl H2OSOLUTION

4

This invention relates to an energy conservative method and apparatus for extraction of a fuel gas or fuel gas mixture including hydrogen, oxygen and other dissolved gases entrapped in water or an aqueous electrolyte solution. The fuel gases are obtained from the water or electrolyte solution by the disassociation of the water molecules and any substance dissolved therein that carries a net electrical charge, including both ionic compounds and substances with polar covalent bonds. The water molecules and ionic compounds are split into component atomic elements by voltage stimulation and electrical polarisation of atoms which liberate dissolved gases entrapped in the aqueous solution contained therein the Fluxstar Closed Loop Open Cell Electrolyser.

The Fluxstar Closed Loop Open Cell Electrolyser is defined as a transparent high tensile fluid containment vessel having typically three, five or seven separated chambers connected to a common manifold member which can communicate water or electrolyte between each of the transparent chambers via a common duct or reservoir.

Contained therein each of the transparent electrolyte filled chambers are electro conductive, rods, plates or pipedic sections having suitable surface area whereto obtain electric charge capacitance between the alternate potentialised electro conductive rods, plates or pipedic sections which are defined also as electrodes.

The preferred construction material for the capacitive electrodes is carbon or stainless steel 304 - 316 which does not chemically react with water, hydrogen, or oxygen. An electrically non conductive material which is inert in the fluid environment such as Ultra Molecular Weight Polyethylene, Poly Tetra Fluorine Ethylene and Heavy wall Acrylic is the most desirable material for the construction or lining of the containment manifold and transparent acrylic for the associated chambers holding the fluid to be electrolysed.

The capacitive electrode contained therein the individual transparent chambers are spatially isolated, each have alternate uni polar electric charge applied to the given electrode, A typical manifold with three transparent water chambers having contained therein each of the chambers, a singular capacitive electrode for electro potentialisation, the electrodes are electrically configured to provide for electric field coupling between a singular anode and two equi- potentialised cathodes. In the case of a manifold with seven water chambers having contained therein each of the chambers a singular capacitive electrode for potentialisation, the electrodes are electrically configured to provide for electric field coupling between three anodes and four equi- potentialised cathodes.

The Fluxstar Electrolyser is further defined as a variable capacitor in which pure water is used as a dielectric moderator between the capacitive electrodes which are energised by the Fluxstar Modulator resonant charging circuit that includes an inductance in series with the capacitor.

BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF THE FLUXSTAR WATER ELECTROLYSER.

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The water / electrolyte capacitor is subjected to a direct current voltage having pulse width, frequency and amplitude modulation applied for charging the water and or electrolyte molecules within the capacitor, of which the molecules are subjected to the electric field established between the electro polarised capacitive electrodes, the water and or electrolyte molecules are induced to resonance so that the energy level within the molecules is increased in proportion to the vectors of the input electric pulses by pulse width, frequency and amplitude modulated electric charge.

The capacitance of the electrodes that can be maintained during the application of the direct current pulse width, frequency and amplitude modulated voltage, is dependant of the dielectric and conductive elements comprising the fluid to be electrolysed, whereby the co-valent electrical bonding of the H20 atoms including ionic compounds within water molecules are destabilised by the force of the electrical field applied to the molecules and is of sufficient magnitude to break the bonding force within the molecules, thereto hydrogen and oxygen atoms within pure water can be liberated from the molecules as elemental gases or in a given electrolyte other gases that were formerly dissolved with in the water and or electrolyte. The liberated gases are separated and collected within the pressurised Closed Loop Open Cell Electrolyser and the said collected gases can be discharged as a fuel gas or a fuel gas mixture.

Maximum gas release is obtained at circuit resonance, the electrical resonance may be reached at all levels of voltage potential whereby the pulse frequency and amplitude modulation is self regulating to minimise the flow of amps and to maximise the peak voltage. The resonant frequency is also determined by the size of the water chambers and the frequency of resonance is dependent on parameters of the water dielectric, capacitive electrode area, configuration and distance, circuit inductors, and transistor switching speeds. Controlling the rate of production of a fuel gas is selected by variation of the period of time between a train of pulses and pulse amplitude by adjustment of the auxiliary permanent magnet field reactions comprising the Fluxstar Pulse Width Frequency and Amplitude Modulator circuit. (refer also to the specification of the Fluxstar Pulse Width Frequency and Amplitude Modulator for description of operational use ) .

Water and or electrolytes contained therein the chambers of the Fluxstar Electrolyser are subjected to pulsating, polarised electric fields produced by the Fluxstar Pulse Width Frequency and Amplitude Modulator circuit, whereby the water molecules are distended by electrical polar forces emanating from the charged capacitive electrodes. The applied pulsating electric field induces a resonance of the molecules and the overall energy level of the specific water molecules is increased in incremental bursts.


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The water molecule exhibits opposite electrical fields having polar configuration whereby the two hydrogen atoms are positively electrically charged relative to the negative electrically charged oxygen atom, the voltage pulse causes the random oriented water molecules in the liquid state to spin and align themselves with reference to the negative and positive poles of the voltage fields applied. The positive electric charged hydrogen atoms of water molecule are attracted to a negative voltage field; whilst at the same time, the negative electric charged oxygen atoms of the same water molecule are attracted to a positive voltage field. A minima of potential difference applied to the inert conductive electrodes therein the fluid containment chambers which form the capacitor will initiate polar atomic orientation within the water molecule based on polarity differences.

When the potential difference is initially applied to the emersed capacitive electrodes, the random orientated water molecules realign themselves between the conductive electrodes, the pulse trains cause the voltage field intensity to be increased progressively. As further molecular alignment occurs, the molecular movement is retarded because the positively charged hydrogen atoms of the said aligned molecules are attracted in a direction opposite to the negatively charged oxygen atoms, a polar charge alignment or distribution occurs within the molecules between the aforesaid voltage zones as the energy level of the atoms subjected to resonant pulsing increases, the stationary water molecules become elongated and the electrically charged nuclei and electrons are attracted toward opposite electrically charged voltage zones disrupting the mass and charge equilibrium of the water molecule.

Progressively the water molecule is further exposed to an increasing potential difference resulting from the charging of the capacitive electrodes, the electrical force of attraction of the atoms within the molecule with respect to the capacitive electrodes within the chamber also increases in magnitude thereby the co-valent bonding between atoms which form the molecule is weakened and ultimately terminated. The negatively charged electron is attracted toward the positively charged hydrogen atoms, while at the same time, the negatively charged oxygen atoms repel electrons

When a charge is applied to the capacitive electrodes emersed in pure water, the electrical charge capacitance is equivalent to the applied voltage charge, due to the dielectric property of pure water resisting the flow of amperes in the circuit, whereby the water molecule has polarised electric fields formed by the covalent bonds of hydrogen and oxygen having an integral dielectric property which becomes part of the electrical circuit as micro capacitors within the capacitor determined by the surface area of the capacitive electrodes.

When utilising the Fluxstar Water Electrolyser for the extraction of Oxygen and Hydrogen, the preferred capacitor circuit is to use pure water within the electrolyser chambers, whereby to prevent electron flow through the circuit. Such electron flow occurs through any conductive or resistive elements such as ions or impurities which provide for electrical leakage in the water and heat. To extract Hydrogen and Oxygen from water, the water capacitor is preferably chemically inert and no electrolyte is added to the water.


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Within the water chambers of the Fluxstar Electrolyser, the water molecule are superimposed with a progressively increasing charge whereby the object of the process is to switch off the co-valent bonding of the water molecule and interrupt the sub-atomic force being defined as the electromagnetic force that binds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form a molecule so that the hydrogen and oxygen separate by modifying the time share ratio of the electrons between the atoms and the electron shells.

Typically in a pure water electrolyser the electrons are extracted from the pure water contained therein the electrolyser chambers and electrons are not consumed or introduced into the water by the circuit unless a leakage current occurs through the water due to impurities. The hydrogen atoms having lost electrons due to the process are neutral and the neutral hydrogen atoms are then expelled from the water. The charged atoms and electrons are attracted to opposite polarised voltage zones existing between the capacitive electrodes whereby electrons initially shared by the electro coupled atoms in the water co-valent bonds are re allocated such that neutral elemental gases are liberated.

The resonant charging circuit that includes an inductance in series with the capacitive water circuit has a transistor which acts as a switch that allows the magnetic field produced in the inductor to collapse, thereby multiplying the pulse frequency and preventing the capacitive electrodes from discharging In this manner a continuous voltage is produced across the capacitive electrodes in the water chambers. The water molecules are thus subjected to a continuously charged electric field until the breakdown of the co-valent bonds.

It is to be realised that water is a limiting factor for global hydrogen production, fuelling a US hydrogen economy alone with conventional electrolysis would require 4.2 trillion gallons of water annually, a study done by the World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C claims, U.S. water consumption would increase by 10 percent.

Regardless of energy conservations obtained by the utilisation of the Fluxstar Water Electrolyser for fuel gas extraction derived from pure water, it is preferred to extract hydrogen from water without the decomposition or consumption of water whereby to minimise ecological damages and provide for water conservation.


The preferred method for energy and water conservative extraction of a fuel gas from water, is to use sea water or bore water having minerals or salts dissolved therein toact as an electrolyte within the chambers of the Fluxstar Water Electrolyser,thereby to extract Hydrogen only without decomposition of the aqueous solution.

Natural sea water is preferred as the electrolyte due to having trace elements of radio isotope Ruthenium 106 whereby the ground state energy level of the electron in a Hydrogenatom is 13.5 eV which is equivalent to an ultra-violet photon of roughly 91 nm , the metal ruthenium suspended therein sea water absorbs solar UV light and is capable of producing enough energy to reduce energy requirements for hydrogen production within the Transparent Closed Circuit Open Cell Electrolyser subjected to photon radiation.

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1. Anode of cell makes Hypochlorous Acid and Hydrochloric Acid.

2. Cathode of Cell makes Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Gas.

3. Hypochlorous Acid from the Anode combines with the Sodium Hydroxide from the Cathode to make Sodium Hypochlorite or Liquid Chlorine within the Cell.

4. Hydrochloric Acid from the Anode combines with the Sodium Hydroxide from the Cathode to make Sodium Chloride which is re-used by the Cell.

5. Liquid Chlorine at a pH of 7.4 goes half to Hypochlorous Acid and half to Sodium Hydroxide.

6. Hypochlorous Acid combines with bacteria, algae, organics and Ultra Violet radiation to convert to Hydrochloric Acid.

7. Hydrochloric Acid combines with Sodium Hydroxide forming Sodium Chloride again, which is re-used by the Cell.

BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF THE FLUXSTAR SALT WATER ELECTROLYSER.

In this process an electrical current is passed through the Fluxstar electrolytic cell assembly which has a strong salt solution as an electrolyte contained therein the water chambers. At the cell anode chlorine gas and a small quanta of oxygen is evolved and from the cathodes, hydrogen gas is evolved.In conventional Closed cells there is a membrane or diaphragm between the anode and cathode. The chlorine gas dissolves in the water on the anode side. The water becomes acidic and saturated with chlorine. The chlorine gas then bubbles off from the water. On the cathode side of the cell the hydrogen gas bubbles off leaving a solution of sodium hydroxide.

It is within the scope of the Fluxstar Open Cell process to produce Hydrogen gas only and to dissolve the chlorine gas in the sodium hydroxide solution to make liquid chlorine, thereby eliminating the expense and hazards of storing Chlorine gas and to conserve also the water which provides for the reaction.Reaction that takes place in the Fluxstar Open Cell Closed Loop Salt Water electrolyser.

This is called a Closed Loop system because the Sodium Chloride is used over and over again and is not consumed and also the water is not decomposed.

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Hydrogen is typically an inherently poor high-density energy storage medium whereby conventional methods of storage are mechanical compression of Hydrogen using a multi-stage mechanical compressor, physical adsorption using carbon nano-tubes chemical or adsorption by forming hydrides. To overcome the repulsive forces of molecular collisions resulting from compacting molecular hydrogen into a small cavity or cavities, the energy required to store it in a high density form is lost as heat.

It is within the scope of the Fluxstar Water Electrolyser to further energy conservation of Hydrogen fuel production and simultaneous storage by providing for a process in which stores the Hydrogen under massive pressure within the electrolyser apparatus, thereto such fuel gas is discharged at appropriate pressure directly from the Fluxstar Water Electrolyser providing that the consumption of the gas does not exceed the electrolytic production whereby the efficiency of the Fluxstar electrolysis process will depend on the concentration and activity of hydrogen at the capacitive electrodes. The activity of hydrogen depends on the pressure contained therein the transparent electrolytic chambers. Therefore the voltage required for the electrolysis increases with the pressure at which the hydrogen must be evolved. The pressure is a result of the electrolyte piezometric head and valves to keep the collected hydrogen constrained within the transparent electrolytic cells assembly . What results is minimal energy losses to produce compressed hydrogen, however the losses that can occur are substantially less than with adsorption techniques or massive pressures to store it as a compressed gas or refrigerated liquid. Storing the Hydrogen within the Fluxstar Electrolyser Cells, such losses are counteracted by the energy conservative method of charge separation derived from the Fluxstar Pulse Width and Frequency Modulator electrolysing processes and by the utilisation of Ruthenium and or organic matters contained within the salt water electrolyte and subsequent photo electric reactions of aqueous Chlorine generation whereto conserve the process input source energy by utilising ambient Photon radiations.

Further energy conservation by the compression and storage of the fuel gas within the electrolyser chambers can be realised from the potential energies stored in the form of the pressure displaced electrolyte / water stored in a raised water collection reservoir thereby to be returned to the Fluxstar Electrolyser for re-electrolysing when the stored high pressure fuel gas has been discharged. Release of the gravitational potential energy stored in the raised reservoir is gravity fed via a water turbine actuated Fluxstar Magnetic Field Controlled Permanent Magnetic DC generator whereby to obtain electric DC charge and provide for further input energies for the Fluxstar Electrolysing process.


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ELECTROLYTE = SALT WATER 4.61 L H20 / 750 GRAM NaCLMAXIMUM HEAD HEIGHT = 1230 mmCELL MEAN DIAMETER = 93.5 mmCELL HEIGTH = 293 mmPRESSURE RELIEF TUBE DIAMETER = 4mm x 510 mm = 6.40PRESSURE RELIEF TUBE DIAMETER = 4mm x 710 mm = 8.92 cc PRESSURE RELIEF TUBE DIAMETER = 6 mm x 520 mm = 5.88cc MAXIMUM PRESSURE RELIEF TUBE VOLUME = 14.8 cc @ 1230 mmMAXIMUM THRUST = 4.366 kgfBATTERY CAPACITY OF TR I- BANK = 2759J or 82.63 HCA = 3472481.93 JWATERLINE DATUM = 224mmNo load V1 = 33.4 - Capacity test Load 15 ohm V1 = 32.5CELLS TOTAL AREA = 205.98 cm square CELL AREA = 68.7 cm squareCELL VOLUME 2.012 LTOTAL CELL VOLUME 6.038 L HIGH WOBBE INDEX 48 MJ / m3 for H2ATM = 1.033 KG Force per cm2

MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS TERMINOLOGYV1 ROOT MEAN SQUARE BATTERY VOLTAGEV2 ROOT MEAN SQUARE VOLTAGE ACROSS CELLSI AMPERES Pi INPUT JOULES PER SECOND = V1 x APo OUTPUT JOULES Vt UNLOADED BATTERY TERMINAL VOLTAGE R.M.S Vl OHMIC LOADED BATTERY TERMINAL VOLTAGE R.M.SVd OHMIC LOADED BATTERY TERMINAL VOLTAGE DROP = V t - Vl Rl OHMIC LOAD APPLIED TO BATTERY TERMINALRi BATTERY IMPEDANCE = ( Vt – VI ) x Rl / Vt = RiL LITERJ JOULESg GRAM cc CUBIC CENTIMETERH HYDROGENAtm ATMOSPHERE

DATA ACQUISITION MEASURMENT APPARATUS. GW INSTEK DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPE GDS-820/GDS-840 25 Gs/Sec. Signal resolution. DIGITECH MULTIMETER QM 1535 ANOLOG AMPERE METER CE QP5014 SHORT CIRCUIT TEST LOAD 15.0 OHM

PERFORMANCE RESULTANTS OF TRI- CHAMBERED FLUXSTAR SALT WATER ELECTROLYSER. 4.603 L H20 / 750 Gram NaCL

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Sec 0

BAT V1 28.2

CELL V2 13.80

I 2.177

Head height 0 above water line

H Level 0

O Level 0

Pi = JOULES = 61.3914

Po = JOULES = 0

W 61.3914

Sec 1800

BAT V1 27.2

CELL V2 13.1

I 2.23

Head height 1026 mm above water line (water level) = 12.3 g cm2.

THRUST 2.53 kgf / 1.033 = 2.45 atmospheres

H Level 35 mm + 25mm + 20 below water line datum

H2O Volume Displaced = 240 cc + 171.8 cc+ 137 = 549.6 cc

WORK DONE TO DISPLACE WATER = .0123 J /2 x 9.85Nx 1.026 x 1800sec = 218.07 mean J

WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 218.079 J J per lapsed 1800 sec

TOTAL WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 218.079 J

H Total Volume = 714.48 cc + 645.78 cc + 611.43 cc = 1.971 L

Initial atmosphere volume = 1.422 L @ 0 sec

H COMPRESSED VOLUME 2.45 x 1.033 x 1.971 L -1.422 x 1 atm = 3.5663 L

Pi JOULES = 109842 J per lapsed 1800 sec

Po JOULES = 171182.65 @ 1800 sec

W 60.656 @ 1800 sec

Energy Gain – Energy Losses = 171182.65 J – 218.07 J = 170964.33 J @ 1800 sec

Process Efficiency = 155.6% @ 1800 sec

PERFORMANCE RESULTANTS OF TRI- CHAMBERED FLUXSTAR SALT WATER ELECTROLYSER.

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Sec 3600BAT V1 27.1CELL V2 13.4I 2.030Head height 1077 mm above water line (water level) = 12.96 g cm2THRUST 2.62 kgf / 1.033 = 2.536 atmospheresH Level 40 mm + 60mm + 22 mm below water line datum H2O Volume Displaced = 274.8 cc + 412.2 cc + 151.14 = 838.1 ccH Total Volume = 748.83cc + 886.23cc + 625.17cc = 2.260 LWORK DONE TO DISPLACE WATER = .01296 - .0123 /2 + .0123 x 9.85N x 1800 sec = 223.92 JWORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 223.92 J per lapsed 1800 secTOTAL WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 441.99 J @ 3600 secH COMPRESSED VOLUME 2.53 x 1.033 x 2.260 L = 5.920 L @ 3600 secPi JOULES = 104102.1 per lapsed 1800 secPi JOULES TOTAL = 213944.1 @ 3600 secH2 JOULES TOTAL = 284183.75W 55.013 @ 3600 secEnergy Gain – Energy Losses = 284183.75 J – 441.99 J = 283741.76 J @ 3600 secProcess Efficiency = 132.6 % @ 3600 sec

Sec 5400

BAT V1 27.0

CELL V2 13.8

I 2.040

Head height 1095 mm above water line (water level) 13.11 g cm 2


H Level 65mm + 112mm + 35 mm below water line datum

WORK DONE TO DISPLACE WATER = .0131g – .01296 g /2+.01296 g x 9.85N x1.095 x 1800 sec = 229.mean J

WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 229.0 J per lapsed 1800 secTOTAL WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 671.77 J @ 5400 sec

H2O Volume Displaced = 446.55 cc + 769.44cc+ 240.45 = 1456.44 ccH Total Volume = 920.58 cc+ 1243.47cc + 714.48 cc = 2.878 LH COMPRESSED VOLUME 2.61x 1.033 x 2.878 L = 7.759 L @ 5400 sec

Pi JOULES = 99083.7 per lapsed 1800 sec

Pi JOULES TOTAL 313027.8 @ 5400 sec

H2 JOULES TOTAL 372454.18

Energy Gain – Energy Losses = 372454.18 J - 671.77 J = 371782.41 J @ 5400 sec

W 55.08 @ 5400 sec

Process Efficiency = 118.7 % @ 5400 sec


13

Sec 7200

BAT V 26.6

CELL V2 13.4

I 2.121

Head height 1110 mm above water line (water level) 13.35 g cm2


H Level 150 mm + 65 mm + 35 mm below water line datum

H2O Volume Displaced = 1030.5 cc + 446.55 cc+ 343.5 cc = 1820. 55cc @ 7200 sec

WORK DONE TO DISPLACE WATER =.01335 g –.0131g /2+.0131g x 9.85N x1.11x1800 sec = 260.27 mean J

WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 260.27 J per lapsed 1800 sec

TOTAL WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 932.04 J @ 7200 secH Total Volume = 1504.5cc + 920.58 cc+ 817.5cc = 3.242 L

H COMPRESSED VOLUME 2.66 x 1.033 x 3.242 L = 8.90 L @ 7200 sec


Pi JOULES TOTAL = 414672.54 @ 7200 sec

H JOULES 427598.53

Energy Gain – Energy Losses = 427598.53 –932.04 = 426666.49 @ 7200 sec

W 56.41 @ 7200 sec Process Efficiency = 102.8 % @ 7200 sec


Sec 9000

BAT V1 26.5

CELL V2 14.0

I 2.070



H Level 180 mm maximum + 87mm + 75 mm below water line datum

H2O Volume Displaced = 1.236 cc + 597.69 cc+ 515.25cc= 2348.94 cc

WORK DONE TO DISPLACE WATER = .0135g - .01335 g /2+ .0133g x1.127x9.85Nx1800 sec = mean 268.85 J

WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 268.85 J per lapsed 1800 sec

TOTAL WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 1200.89 J @ 9000 sec

H Total Volume = 1710.63cc+ 1071.72cc + 989.28cc = 3.771 L



Pi JOULES TOTAL 507388.14 @ 9000 sec

Po JOULES = 508589.03

W 54.855 @ 9000 sec

Energy Gain – Energy Losses = 508589.03 –1200.89 = 506187.25 @ 9000 sec

Process Efficiency = 99.76 %

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Sec 10800

BAT V1 26.2

CELL V2 14.3

I 2.080



H Level 180 mm + 87mm + 152 mm below water line datum

H2O Volume Displaced = 1236.6 cc + 597.69 cc + 1044.24 cc = 2878.53 cc

WORK DONE TO DISPLACE WATER = .01448 - .01335 /2+ .01335 =26.29 x 1800 sec = 297.0 mean J

WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 297.0 mean J per lapsed 1800 sec

TOTAL WORK DONE TO COMPRESS H = 1497.93 J @ 10800 sec

H Total Volume = 1710.63cc+ 1071.72cc+ 1518.27cc= 4.300 L



Pi JOULES TOTAL 612939. 9 @ 10800 seconds

Po JOULES 615484.8 @ 10800 seconds

W 54.496 @ 10800 sec

Energy Gain – Energy Losses = 615484.8 – 1497.93 = 613986.87 @ 10800 sec

Process Efficiency = 100.1% @ 10800 sec

INITIAL CAPACITY OF SERIES BATTERY BANK = 75.50 HCA = 3472481.93 Joules

Fluxstar Pulse Frequency Modulated Charge Reconditioned De- Sulfated

Saab model No AB 5542659 Lead Acid Cell 12volt x 700 CCA SAE 70 Ah

series connected to


UB model No 9209360 Silver Calcium Alloy Cell 12 volt x 430 CCA 43 Ah

series connected to


Panasonic model No 34b19ls Lead Acid Cell 12V x 340 CCA 34 Ah


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INITIAL CAPACITY OF SERIES BATTERY BANK @ 0 second = 3423281.75 Joules

(Vt – Vl = Vd) x (Rl / Vt) = Ri

( 33.4 – 32.5 = .9) x (15 / 33.4) = 0.404

Vt / Ri J

33.4x 33.4 / 0.404 ohm = 2759 Joules/sec peak power.

J / Vt = I

2759 / 33.4 = 82.63 Hot Crank Amperes

RESULTANT CAPACITY OF SERIES BATTERY BANK @ 180 minutes = 2810341.84 Joules

(Vt – Vl = Vd) x (Rl / Vt) = Ri

( 30.1 – 29.3 = .8) x (15 / 30.1) = 0.4

Vt / Ri J

30.1x 30.1 / 0.4 ohm = 2265 Joules/sec peak power.

J / Vt = I

2265 / 30.1 = 75.25 Hot Crank Amperes

J J

2759 – 2265 = 494 J

Pi J

( 612939. 9 /494 ) x 2759 = 3423281.75 Joules

J J

2759 – 2265 = 494

Pi J

( 612939. 9 /494 ) x 2265 = 2810341.84 Joules

Pi 180 min Pi 0 second

( 2810341.84 / 3423281.75 x 100) = 100 – 82.1 = 17.9

17.9 % Series Battery Bank Energy Loss = 612939. 9 Joules

MEAN PROCESS EFFICIENCY 128. 35 %


16

0 30 60 90 120 150 180Minutes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Input DC Voltage Input Amperes Watts

KJ

PERFORMANCE RESULTANTS OF A TRI- CHAMBERED FLUXSTAR SALT WATER ELECTROLYSER.

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0 30 60 90 120 150 180 MINUTES

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Total Input = Kilo Joules

Total Hydrogen = Output Kilo Joules

Energy Loss to compress Hydrogen = Kilo Joules

Total energy Output minus losses. = Kilo Joules

Process Efficiency %

KJ


18

0 30 60 90 120 150 1800

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

NaCl - H2O pressure displaced electrolyte. = Liters

Gas Volume = Liters

Thrust = Kgf

Compressed Hydrogen = Liters

Hydrogen Pressure excess over atmosphere. = Gram Force Cm square

MINUTES

KJ


19


3600 SEC

5400 SEC

7200 SEC

9000 SEC

10800 SEC

Arbitrary sequential oscillograph images of pulse train and modulation of DC input generated by a Fluxstar Pulse Width Frequency and Amplitude Modulator, parallel connected across a conventional DC charge source and electro charging a Sodium Chloride - Water solution electrolyte contained therein a three chambered Fluxstar Electrolyser.

hydrostar x1

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