hydrodemolition on the rio verde viaduct in italy summary, whenever a fluid ... new vulcan stripper...
TRANSCRIPT
906 Olive Street, Suite 1200 l St. Louis, MO 63101-1448, USA l Telephone: (314)241-1445, Fax: (314)241-1449
Published by the WaterJet Technology Association
for the benefit of its membersAUGUST 2009
Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In ItalyThe Rio Verde Viaduct is one of the tallest in Europe supported on piers up to 136m high and carries the dual two lane A15/E33 Autostrada della Cisa over a steep sided valley in the municipality of Pontremoli.
See article on page 6.
2009 American WJTA Conference And
ExpoAugust 18-20, 2009
Marriott Houston Westchase Hotel Houston, Texas
Details and registration information are enclosed.
On the insideAnnouncing The Industrial And Municipal Cleaning (IMC) Division Of The WJTA .......................... pg. 2Static Electricity - The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry ...................... pg. 2Abrasion Resistant Valves In Waterjetting Applications ................ pg. 4Gardner Denver Celebrates Sesquicentennial ......... pg. 4Configuring A Waterblast System ..... pg. 8Jetstream Creates Visual Safety System For Waterblasting Equipment .................pg. 11
ailyfleetsofvacuumtrucks cleantanks,vessels,andspillsofflammablechemicalsandexplosivepowders.Witheachvacuumingoperationtheindustryfacesthepotentialofanexplosionorfirecausedbythe“InvisibleEnemy,”STATICELECTRICITY!
Staticelectricityisamajorcauseoffiresinthechemicalanddust/powderindustries.Thepersonalinjuriesandfinanciallossesmakeunderstandingthisphenomenaessentialtoallofusinthevacuumtruckindustry.Understandingthecausesandpropermethodsofcontrollingstaticchargesisessentialinkeepingthevacuumtruckindustrysafe.
RegulationsandstandardsestablishedbyNFPA77,API12219,
Static Electricity – The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry
By: Alan R. Browne, President, Stewart R. Browne Mfg. Co., Inc., [email protected]
andOSHA29CFR1910.106alllayoutthestrictrequirementsofhowtheproblemofstaticelectricitymustbeaddressedbeforeanyoperationinthemovementofflammablechemical,powder,ordustcanbegin.
Staticelectricity,accordingtoNFPAstatistics,causes280firesand780injuriesayear.Thoseareonlythereportableaccidentsanddon’tincludesmallflashfiresandstaticarcsthatoftendon’tresultinareportableaccident.Justthesame,theyareonlyonestepfromadisaster.Everydaytheindustrialvacuumtruckindustry,withitsthousandsoftrucks,mustmeetthestaticelectricalchallenge.
Staticelectricityisgeneratedwhenevertwodissimilarmaterialsareinrelativemotiontoeachother,
suchasflammablechemicalsmovingthroughvacuumhoses.Thefasterthemovementoftheliquidorpowder,thegreaterthebuildupofstaticelectricity.Thusreducingthevacuumspeedwouldreducethechargebuildup,butisnotalwaysfinanciallyacceptable.Theuseofaproperlyinstalledgroundingandbondingsystemcanresultinasafemethodofdisposingofthestaticchargeandincreasingthetotalsafetyoftheoperation.
First,let’sunderstandthetwotermsthatmustbeunderstoodregardingstaticelectricalsystems.Thefollowingaretheirdefinitions:
Bonding –equalizesthepotentialdifferencebetweenconductive
D
nMay2009theWJTABoardof DirectorsvotedtocreatetheIndustrialandMunicipalCleaning(IMC)DivisionoftheWJTA,aspecialinterestgroupwithintheassociationforWJTAmemberswhohaveanactiveinterestinindustrialcleaning.
ThepurposeoftheIMCistoprovideamorefocusedforumforWJTAmemberswhoareinvolvedinindustrialcleaningtocommunicatewitheachother,shareideasandknowledge,andfosterclosercollaboration.
IMCmembershipwillbelimitedtoWJTAmembersingoodstanding,andtherewillbenoadditionalchargetojointhespecialinterestgroup.
Announcing The Industrial And Municipal Cleaning (IMC) Division Of The WJTA
Objectivesofthegroupinclude,butarenotlimitedto:
–Liveandonlineworkshops,meetings,webinars,andothereducationalprogramsfocusedonissuesspecifictoindustrialcleaning;
–Establishmentandperiodicreviewofrecommendedsafetyandoperationalpractices;
–Representationbeforelegislativeandregulatorybodies;and
–Accesstoindustryexpertsforconsultation,networking,and/ortroubleshooting.
I PlansareunderwayforthefirstWJTA-IMCExpotobeheldAugust17-19,2010,attheGeorgeR.BrownConventionCenterinHouston,Texas.TheExpoisanewactivitythatwillbeheldduringeven-numberedyearswhiletheWJTAbiennialconferenceswillcontinuetobeheldduringodd-numberedyears.TheWJTA-IMCExpofeaturesanexpandedexhibithallandbootcamp.ResearchpaperswillnotbepresentedattheWJTA-IMCExpo,butwillbereservedforthe2011WJTAAmericanWaterjetConference.
Detailsregardingthe2010ExpoandotherplansandactivitiesfortheIMCwillbeavailablesoon.
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Page 2 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
Booths #402-408B
R.(AbrasionResistant) valves weredevelopedmanyyearsagoforuseinplungerandpistonstylepumpstoovercometheproblemofreliablypumpingproductssuchas,butnotlimitedto,drillingmud,cementandsandinoilfieldpumps.Inconventionalmetaltometaltypevalvesandseatsthesolidparticlesinthepumpedfluidwouldbothstopthevalvesfromfullyclosing,causingareductioninpumpefficiencyandunevenrunning.Thiswouldleadtorapiddeteriorationofthevalvesandseatsduetoerosion,therebyrequiringfrequentreplacement.
ThesolutiontothisproblemlayinthedevelopmentoftheA.R.styleofvalves.TheA.R.valvehasanelastomericmemberinsertedintoitduringmanufacturing.Onclosingagainstavalveseatwhereparticulatematterispresentinthepumpedfluid,theelastomericmemberdeformsaroundtheparticlecausingacompleteseal,leadingtonoreductioninpumpefficiency.Onvalveopeningtheelastomerregainsitsoriginalformastheparticleisflushedthroughbytheincomingpumpedfluidandistherebyreadyformoreparticulatematterinthenextstrokeofthepump.Theappropriateselectionofmaterialsforconstructionoftheseelastomericmembersprovidesextremelylongvalveandseatlifeinthemostdemandingpumpingapplications.
Thisvalvetechnologyhasfoundapplicationinwaterjettingpumpswhen,foravarietyofreasons,particulatematterappearsormaybeaddedtothewaterbeingpumped.Includedintheseapplicationsisunderwaterabrasivejetcutting.Inthisapplicationwater,gelandabrasivesaremixedandtheresultantslurryisrundirectlythroughthehighpressurepumpbymeansofarubberlined
Abrasion Resistant Valves In Waterjetting Applications By: Mike Woodward, Ph.D., Gardner Denver Water Jetting Systems, Inc.
highpressurehoseconductedtoahighpressure(typicallytungstencarbide)nozzle.Theresultanthighspeedabrasivestreamisthenutilizedforavarietyofunderwatercuttingapplications.
Anotherincreasinglypopularapplicationofthevalvesiscreatedbytheincreasingdesiretorecycleblastwaterforbothwaterconservationandotherenvironmentalreasons.Recycledwatermaywellcontainbothsolidparticles(producedbythehighpressurecleaningoperationitself),aswellashighlevelsofdissolvedminerals,bothcausingprematurewearonconventionalmetaltometalvalveseats.TheseconditionsarereadilyhandledbyA.R.valves.
Anotherpopularapplicationiswhenlargehighvolumepumpsareutilized(typically50gpmorgreater)inplantswheretheprocessfluid(ashwater,forexample)wouldrequireeitherextensivefilteringand/ortherapidreplacementofconventionalmetaltometalvalves.HereagaintheA.R.valvehasfoundanapplication.
Insummary,wheneverafluidcontainingparticulatematterisrequiredtobepumpedathighpressures,A.R.valvingmaywellbethesolutiontoanotherwisevexingpumpproblem.GardnerDenverWaterJettinghasmadeA.R.valvetechnologyavailableinalargenumberoftheirhighpressurepumps.Formoreinformation,call(800)231-3628orvisitwww.waterjetting.com.
A.
ince1859,whenfounderRobert Gardnermanufacturedthefirsteffectivespeedcontrolsforsteamengines,GardnerDenver,Inc.hasbeenengineeringinnovativeproductsforindustry.
GardnerDenverWaterJettingSystems,Inc.isaninternationalwaterjettingindustryleader,build-ingupontheirGardnerDenver,Inc.tradition,withcreativelyengineeredwaterjettingpumpsandaccessories.
GardnerDenverWaterJettingSystemsandtheirinternationaldistributorsformawell-knownresourceforqualitypumpsandaccessories,andarethelargestdistributorsforParkerPolyflexHoseProducts,Peinemann1-LTCEquipment,andStoneAgeWaterblastTools.
GardnerDenverWaterJettingSystemsrecentlylaunchedtheir
SGardner Denver Celebrates Sesquicentennial
simplifiedpumppressurerangeconversioncapabilitieswith“IPRCTechnology”(“InstantPressureRangeConvertibility”).With“IPRCTechnology” pumppressurerangeconversionscannowbequicklyaccomplishedinthefield,eliminatingdowntimeandtransittimetomechanicalmaintenanceshops.
RobertGardnerwouldcertainlybeamazedattheorganizationandproductsthatdevelopedfromhisoriginalengineeringinnovation150yearsago!
Today,GardnerDenver,Inc.isarecognizedengineeringleader,providingcompressedairandgas,vacuumandfluidtransfertechnologiestoindustriesthroughouttheworld.
Visitwww.waterjetting.com.
Page 4 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
NEW!
2009 American WJTA Conference and Expo, 8/18-20 at the Marriott
Houston Westchase Hotel
Your Future..........NOW!1.800.231.3628 | www.waterjetting.com+1.281.448.5800 | [email protected]
ROTARY LINE CLEANER
40/50K MULTI-BLASTER NITROGEN SYSTEMUnloader Valve for Multi-Gun Operation,15/20K
10/20K MULTI-BLASTER
IPRC Technology (Instant Pressure Range Convertibility)
EngineeringAccessories
Reliability and Innovation You Know and Trust!
HIGH FLOW DUMP SYSTEMS 10K/20K PSI Flows Up To 250 GPM
ROTARY GUNNew Vulcan Stripper II, Model
hehydrodemolitiontechnique, whichuseshigh-pressurewaterjetstoremovedamagedconcrete,hasplayedavitalroleintherepairsandstrengtheningoftheItalianmulti-spanRioVerdeViaduct.TheviaductisoneofthetallestinEuropeandcarriesthebusydualtwolaneA15/E33AutostradadellaCisaoverasteepsidedvalleyinthemunicipalityofPontremoli.Conjethydrodemolitionequipmentwasusedtoremovedamagedconcretefromthefacesoftheviaduct’srectangularconcretepiers,whichriseupto136mfromthevalleybottomtothesteeldeck,followedbyreplacementwithanewandthickerconcreteskin.
The960mlongtwinsteeldeckviaduct,whichissupportedoneightreinforcedconcretehollowpillars,isamajorstructureinthelinkbetweenParmaandLaSpeziaonItaly’sMediterraneancoast,100kmsouthofGenova.Thespectacularviaductwasopenedin1975,butinspectionbymaintenanceengineersshowedthebridgepiersweresufferingfromextensivecalciumchloridedecay,forcingtheItalianHighwaysAuthorityandtheHighwayEngineeringDepartmentofCisaLtdtocarryoutextensiverepairsandstrengthening.
ThespecialisthydrodemolitioncontractorSEI-Idrojet,workingforthemainviaductrepaircontractorA.B.C.ConstruczioniS.P.A.,carriedouttheconcreteremovalononepieratatime.Therepairswereperformedfromaspecial,purposebuiltcradleandworkingplatformthatwrappedroundallfoursidesofthepiers.Thepiersare21mlongand8.5mwideatthebaseandtaperingto2.5wideattheapex.Theendsoftheplatformwereadjustabletocompensateforthechangingwidthofthepiers.Thewholeplatformwassupportedandraisedandloweredonwireropes,which
went up to pulleys on asteelsupportcradleatthetopofthepierandbackdowntofoursynchronisedwinchesanchoredatgroundlevel.
Conjetmodifiedastandardrobotfeedbeamtofitontoandrunalongarackontheinnersidesoftheplatforminthefixedspacebetweenthepierandtheplatform.AConjetComputerControlUnit,alsomountedontheplatform,wasusedtocontrolthefeedbeamandintegraljettingnozzle.AConjet345-400kWPowerpackatgroundlevelprovidedthehigh-pressurewaterat1000barandflowof200l/mintothefeedbeam’snozzle.Thefeedbeamandnozzle,travellingbackandforthalongtheplatform’srack,selectivelyremoveddamagedconcretetoadepthof70mmandbelowany
exposedreinforcing.Theprocesscontinuedononefaceofapierastheplatformwasslowlyraisedtothetop.Oncompletionofremovaloftheconcretefromoneface,theplatformwasloweredandtheConjetfeedbeammovedtoanothersideoftheplatformfortheprocesstoberepeatedonall
Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In Italy
T
Repairs to the Rio Verde viaduct were performed from a special, purpose built cradle and working platform that wrapped round all four sides of the piers and supported by wire ropes connected to winches at ground level.
The 2009 American WJTA Conference And Expo is supported in part by
August 18-20, 2009 Marriott Houston Westchase Hotel l Houston, Texas
FS Solutions
GMA Garnet (USA) Corp.
Gardner Denver Water Jetting Systems
Guzzler Manufacturing
High Pressure Equipment Company
IGEMS Software
Jet Edge
Jetstream of Houston, LLP
Parker Hannifin-EPD
Peinemann Equipment
StoneAge, Inc.
Terydon, Inc.
TurtleSkin WaterArmor by Warwick Mills
VLN Advanced Technologies, Inc.
Vacuum Truck Rentals, LLC
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Page 6 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
ABSTRACT
Whenconfiguringawaterblastsystem,it is necessary to determine thepressure, flow rate and componentsto effectively complete a job. Thepurposeofthispaperistodescribeandexplain the considerations involvedin selecting the best combination ofpumpandequipment.Parameterssuchas deposit properties, pressure loss,nozzleeffectiveness,standoffdistance,and rotation speed are discussed andshownhow toevaluate toachieve themosteffectivecombination.
1. INTRODUCTION
Theplanningofawaterblastoperationbegins with determining the type ofmaterialtoberemovedandthesizeandshapeoftheequipmenttobecleaned;thesearefixedparametersonwhichtheselectionofpressure,flowandtoolingare based. The access is often fixed,but insomesituationsprovisionsmaybe provided by the plant to allow formore effective cleaning operations.The time allowed for setup andcleaning may be somewhat variable,but isstillacontrollingfactor.Justasimportant as efficiency, the safety ofthe operatorsmust also be taken intoconsiderationwhenselectingthemeansforperformingthecleaning.
2. SELECTION OF PRESSURE AND FLOW
2.1 Material Properties
Thejettingpropertiesofthematerialtobe removed and the surface towhichthematerial is attached determine theselection of the operating pressureand flow rate. Every material has aminimum energy impact at which it
will begin to be cut or fractured by awaterjet;thisisknownasthethreshold.If the material is being removed bycutting, such as a rubber lining orother thick non-brittle deposits, ormaterialswellbondedtothesurfacetobecleaned,themostefficientpressuretooperateatistypicallythreetimestheminimumpressureatwhichthewaterjetjust begins to cut the material. If thematerial is brittle, thin, and not wellbondedtothesurface,higherflowratesat pressures just above the thresholdcanbemoreeffectiveandefficientthanincreasedpressure.
Foragivenflowratefromapump,theflowisdividedamongtheorificesusedinthecleaninghead.Asthequantityoforificesisincreasedinahead,theorificesizesmust all get smaller tomaintainthe same flow rate. If the materialdeposit is thick andmassive amountsof material need to be removed, thefewestpossible,largestorificesshouldbe used. For thin deposits, or if justthe top surface of amaterial needs tobeevenlyremoved,thenmore,smallerorificesshouldbeused.
2.2 Pressure Loss
Another consideration when selectingtheoperatingpressureandflow is thepressurelossthroughthehoses,fittings,and the tooling used, particularly insmall tube cleaning and in long runsthroughpipes.Pressurelossoverlongruns from the pump to the cleaningsite should also be considered. Thepressure loss is determined from theinside diameter and the length of thehoseorlancebeingusedandtheflowrate passing through. The operatingpressure has no effect on the amountof loss, but it is used to determinethe pressure at the nozzle orifice. Tocalculate the pressure loss through ahoseorlance,equation1isused.
(1)Pressureloss(MPa)=(Flow(lpm)/(.387x(I.D.ofhose(mm)2.5/Length
ofhose(m).5)))2
(1)Pressureloss(psi)=(Flow(gpm)/(53x(I.D.ofhose(in.)2.5/Lengthof
hose(ft).5)))2
Theallowablepressurelossdependsonseveralparameters.Ifaspecificpressureisknowntoremovethematerialbeingcleaned, the pressure loss subtractedfromthepressureatthepumpmustbeequaltoorgreaterthanthispressure,asinequation2.
(2)Pressureatnozzleorifice=Pressureatpump–Pressureloss
The maximum power combinationof pressure andflowoccurswhen thepressure loss equals 1/3 of the pumppressure, and the maximum pullingforce occurs when the pressure lossequals1/2ofthepumppressure.Innocaseshouldpressurelossbemorethan1/2ofthepumppressure.
When cleaning small diameter tubesin heat exchangers, the size of thetube being cleaned limits the size oftheflex or rigid lance, and the lengthoflanceisdeterminedbythelengthofthe tubes being cleaned. In this case,theflowratewillbedeterminedbytheallowablepressureloss.Ifapumpistobe operated at 138MPa (20,000 psi),and it isknownthatat least103MPa(15,000psi)isneededtocleanthetube,andthelancetobeusedhasaninsidediameterof4mmandalengthof15m(50ft),themaximumflowrateshouldbelimitedto21lpm(5.5gpm),asthisproduces apressure lossof34.5MPa(5,000 psi).
Whenmakinglongrunsfromthepumptothecleaninglocationwithinaplant,
Configuring A Waterblast System By: D. Wright and S. Hardy, StoneAge, Inc., Durango, Colorado, U.S.A.
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Page 8 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
singwaterjetsforhydrodemo- litionisnotnewsanymore.AreviewofSchmid’sarticle*of20yearsagorefreshesourmemoryandprovidessomebasicfactsaboutthistechnologyforthosewhoareinter-ested.Butkeepitinmindthatsomenumbersmayneedupdating.
Therewereabout250,000bridgesthatneededtoberepairedintheUSAandthemoneyfortherepairworkamountedtoapproximately4.4bil-liondollars.Freezeandthawcyclingcausesmicro-crackingintheconcretestructure.Thesemicro-cracksallowwaterandchloridebasedde-icerstoreachandcorrodethesteelreinforc-ingbarlattice.Theexpandingforceofthecorrosionfurthercracksthesurroundingconcrete.Torepairthedamagedconcretestructure,thetoplayerofconcreteneedstoberemovedtoexposethesteelrebarfromtopandbelow.Thetraditionaltoolsforthistypeofrepairworkarejackhammers.Thesizeofjackhammerislimitedto30poundstopreventadditionaldam-agecausedbytheimpact.
Hydrodemolitionequipmentin-cludesahighpressurewaterpump,acuttingheadmountedonacuttingrobot(tractor),andacarryingtruck.Thehighpressurepumpisdiesel-drivenandrunsatapressurefrom13,000to35,000psiandawaterflowratebetween13to70GPM(300–500horsepowers).Thehighpressurecuttingheadcanmoveonalineartraversemechanismbackandforthperpendiculartothedirectionoftravelofthetractor.Themultiplewaterjetsarepositionedsuchthattheycanremovetheconcreteaboveandbelowthesteelrebar.Theproductivityofasinglehydrodemolitionunitisabout20-30cubitfeetperhour,equivalent
Hydrodemolition Of Concrete Surfaces
toapproximately20jackhammers.Itcostsabout12USdollarspercubitfoot.Itismorecosteffectivethanthelabor-intensivejackhammeringwherethelaborcostsaremorethan12USdollarsperhour.Itismoresuitableforlargeprojectsthatneedtoremove5,000cubicfeetormoreofconcreteandwhentheprojectscheduleistight.
Testsweredonetocomparethebondstrengthofanoverlaidsurfacethatwaspreparedwithhydrodemo-litionversuswithjackhammering.Thetestresultsindicated2.3timeshigherinshearstrengthand3.1timeshigherinpull-offstrengthinfavorofhydrodemolition.Peterographic
U
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thedesiredoperatingpressureandflowistypicallyconsideredtobefixed,andthehosesizeisincreasedtoreducethepressure loss. Another alternative in thiscaseistoruntwohosesinparallelasfaraspossiblebeforecombiningtheflow into a single hose. This reducespressure loss because only half theflow rate is passing through eachseparatehose.Forexample,if151lpm(40 gpm)will be used, and the pumpis60m(200ft)fromthecleaningsite,asingle13mmhosewouldproduceapressurelossof25MPa(3600psi).Iftwo13mmhoseswereusedinparallel,thepressurelosswouldonlybe6MPa(900psi).Thebestsolutionistousealarger hose, such as 19 mm, throughwhich only 3.5MPa (500 psi) wouldbelost.
2.3 Standoff Distance
The size and shape of the equipmentbeing cleaned, aswell as thewaterjettooling being used determine thestandoffdistance,whichisthedistancethatthejetmusttravelthroughtheairfromtheexitoftheorificetothesurfacebeingcleaned.Asajettravelsthroughthe air, it loses power at a rate inversely proportionaltotheorificediameter.Thislosshasbeenmeasuredbytesting,andatypicalchartoftheseresultsisshownin Figure 1. If you are at a standoffdistance of 400 nozzle diameters, thejetpowerwillbe40%ofwhatitwouldbewithnostandoffdistance.Soifyouare operating at 69MPa (10,000 psi)at thepump, theimpactat thesurfaceiscomparableto27.6MPa(4,000psi)inthiscase.Todeterminethestandoffdistanceinnozzlediameters,dividethestandoffdistancebytheorificesize;forexample,thisratiowitha610mm(24in.) standoff distance using a 1.6mm(.062in.)nozzleis387.
If it is known that thematerial to beremovedrequiresanequivalentimpactofatleast34.5MPa(5000psi),onecan
usethiscurvetocalculatethe required combinationof pressure and flow toachieve this. Increasingflow while keeping thepressureat69MPa(10,000psi)wouldincreasethesizeof the orifice being used,thuschangingtheratioofstandoffdistancetonozzlediameter. To achieve arelative impact of 50%,theorificesizewouldhavetobeincreasedtoachievea ratio of 250; the orificesize can be determinedfrom this by dividing the610mm (24 in.) standoffdistance by 250, whichwouldbea2.4mm(.096in.)orifice.
The other approachwould be to increase theoperating pressure; if itwere increased to 103MPa (15,000 psi), thepower could deteriorateto 33% and still achievethe relative impact of34.5MPa(5000psi).Thisoccurs at a ratio of 550,resultinginanorificesizeof 1.1mm (.044 in.)Thepower to produce thesetwopossiblecombinationscanbecomparedaswell:thelowerpressure,higherflowrequires100kW(134hp),whilethehigherpressure,lowerflowrequiresonly42kW(56hp).Whileitisobviouswhichisthemostefficient,thedecisionmay be based on available pumps,hoses,fittingsandtooling.
Insomesituations,itispossibletouseextension arms to reduce the standoffdistance, which has an additionalbeneficial side effect beyond justmovingthejetclosertothesurfacetobecleaned.Theextensionarmactsasa
flowstraightenerforthewatergoingtothenozzleorifice, resulting in amorecoherent jet that travels further withless deterioration. Figure 2 comparesthe curves for jet performance withan extension arm to the curve fromFigure1,whichwasmeasuredwith ajetexitingdirectlyfromanozzlehead,asillustratedinFigure3.
Configuring A Waterblast System, frompage8
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Figure 1. Jet Performance Relative to Standoff Distance
Figure 3. Illustration of Nozzle Exiting Head and Nozzle
Exiting from Extension Arm
NozzleHead
High Pressure Water Inlet
Extension Arm
Good Upstream ConditionsPoor Upstream Conditions
Nozzle
Figure 2. Relative Jet Performance of Extension Arm Compared to Directly Exiting Nozzle Head
Page 10 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
inuseissufficientlyratedfortheoperatingpressure.”
AccordingtoBullard,Jetstream’ssafetydecalsincorporatebothashapeandacolorsothattheybecomemorerecognizableasuseofthevisualsafetysystemincreases.
“Wehaveplanstoexpandthevisualsafetysystemtoincludespecialrollsofcolor-codedtapetomarksmallertoolsandcomponents,aswellashosesandlances,”Bullardsays.
Inadditiontothenewvisualsafetysystem,Bullardaddedthatoperatorsafetycanbefurtherenhancedbyparticipatinginoperatortraining,practicinggeneralsafetyprecautionsandwearingprotectiveclothingandsafetyapparelincludingfaceshields,safetygoggles,hardhats,glovesandboots.
irtuallyallindustrialhigh- pressurewaterblastingequipmentandcomponentsaremarkedinsomewaywithapressurerating.However,withthewiderangeofoperatingpressuresandtheoftenconfusingarrayofconnectiontypes—coupledwiththehighlaborturnoverresultinginonlymarginallytrainedoperators—thereisanincreasedriskthatcontrolgunoperatorsmightconnectaninsufficientlyratedtooltothesystem.Overtime,thepressureratingmarkedontheunitmightbecomecoveredinmuckorabrasion,orwornbeyondlegibility.Intheeventtheoperatorisinahurryorgetsdistracted,thepressureratingontheequipmentmaynotevenbeconfirmedbeforestartingtheprojectathand.
Tohelpcontractorcustomersvisuallyidentifythepressureratingofthehand-heldcontrolgunsusedinindustrialcleaningandsurfacepreparationapplications,Jetstream,aleadingmanufacturerofindustrialhigh-pressurewaterblastingequipmentoperatedatpressuresupto40,000psi,recentlydevelopedauniquesafetydecalsystemforwaterblastingequipmentandcomponents.
“AtJetstream,we’recommittedtocreatingasafer,moreproductiveworkingenvironmentforourcustomersandthepeopleandfacilitiesaroundthem,”saysMikeBullard,partsmarketingspecialistatJetstream.“Withinputfromourcustomerswedevisedaseriesofcolor-codeddecalsthatcanbeappliedtoallwaterblastingequipmentandcomponents—notjustcontrolguns.”
ThenewJetstreamvisualsafetysystemincludesasafetysignandfourdecalsinhigh-visibilitycolorstorepresentthefourmostcommonwaterpressureratingsusedinwaterblasting.Deviceswitha10,000psiratingare
Color-Coded Safety Decals Help Operators Identify Various Pressure Ratings Jetstream Creates Visual Safety
Jetstream Creates Visual Safety System For Waterblasting Equipmentcodedyellow,whiledevicesratedfor15,000psi,20,000psiand40,000psiarecodedgreen,blueandpurplerespectively.
“Safetyisahighpriorityatthefacilitiesservicedbyourcontractorcustomers.Thesafetyofficersandforemanatthesefacilitieswanttheircontractorstocomplywithgoodsafetypractices,”Bullardsays.“Withourvisualsafetysystem,theintentistohavethesafetysignpostedeitherontheunitoroutsidetheblastingareatoidentifythepressureratingassociatedwitheachdecal.Thoseresponsibleforensuringsafetycanthenreadthepressuregaugeonthewaterblastunit,identifythedistinct,highlyvisiblecolorofthedecalonthecontrolgunfromasafedistanceandcheckthesigntoverifythatthecontrolgun
V
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Booth #421B
andforcedlubrication.Withthisaddition,OHPnowoffersdirectdrivepumpsat30,100,160,200,and300hp.OHPpumpsarebuiltonthesametechnologythathasbeenusefortheUHPwatercuttingindustry.Thesame
toneAgeannouncesthereleaseof TheTorus,anew3Dtankcleaningtool.TheTorusisadirectreplacementforboththeHurricaneandCyclean3Dtools.TheTorusiscapableofhandlingpressuresfrom5k–22kpsibychangingthemanifoldandinletcoupling.StoneAgeoffersthreemanifoldsthatcontrolflowsfrom17-80gpm.Themanifoldsboltonandoffwithease,allowingforquickandeasyadaptationtodifferentworkingpressuresandapplications.
ThemostimpressivefeatureoftheTorusisthesimplicityofthedesignandiseasilyrepairableinthefield.Ithasveryfewpartsandcanbeassembledwithcommonhandtools.Andasweallknow,easymaintenancemeansreduceddowntime.
StoneAge Introduces The New 3D Torus TheTorusoffersalonglastinganddurablemagneticspeedcontrol.WhileoperatingtheTorusanoperatorcanquicklyadjustthemagneticrotationspeedtoeffortlesslyadapttodifferentapplications.Theoperatorsimplyadjuststhisdialtodecreasethespeedfordifficultapplicationsandincreasethespeedfortheeasierapplications.
TherearetwoprimarycomponentsinsidetheTorus,thespeedcontrolandtheangleblockassembly.Themagneticspeedcontrolcanbereplacedasa
S completeunit,whichiseasilyaccessedwiththeremovalofthecoverplates.
This 3D tool has accessoriesdesignedtoachievethebestresults.TheTR408-SSCageCentralizerisusedinapplicationswheredebrisorinternalstructuresmayinterferewiththecleaningoperation. For vessels over 12ftindiameterStoneAgerecommendsusinginexpensiveandversatileExtensionNipplesandPositioningBooms.
Visitstoneagetools.comorcall866-795-1586
forallthetechnicalspecificationsandoperationmanuals.
HPrecision(Taiwan),withover 25yearsofmanufacturingexperienceofUHPpumpsandafter-marketsparepartsofleadingwaterjetbrands,hasintroducedthelatestadditiontoitsdirectdrivepumpproductline:H100/UH100pump.Itspressurerangeisfrom20Kto50Kpsi,andthedetaildatasheetisshowninthechartbelow.Itfeaturescompactsize,easyfieldmaintenance,
New UHP Direct Drive Pump
O
Type HP / kW STROKE PLUNGER DIA.
PRESSURE (psi / bar)
Flow Rate (gpm / lpm)
Power Speed (rpm)
Pump Speed (rpm)
Reduce Rate
H100-20K 91 / 68 60 16 20,300 / 1,400 7 / 26.7 1500 738 2.034
H100-20K 92 / 69 60 16 20,300 / 1,400 7.1 / 26.9 1800 743 2.423
H100-30K 109 / 81 60 16 29,000 / 2,000 5.9 / 22.4 1500 619 2.423
H100-30K 105 / 79 60 16 29,000 / 2,000 5.6 / 21.4 1800 592 3.04
UH100-40K 100 / 75 60 12 40,000 / 2,760 4 / 15 1800 743 2.423
UH100-40K 100 / 75 60 12 40,000 / 2,760 4 / 15 1500 738 2.034
UH100-50K 100 / 75 60 12 50,000 / 3,450 3.1 / 12 1800 592 3.04
UH100-50K 106 / 80 60 12 50,000 / 3,450 3.3 / 12.6 1500 619 2.423
high-pressuresealsthatendure60Kpsiarenow“soothed”withloweroperatingpressure.
Formoreinformation,contactOHP’sUSsalesofficeQualJetat(866)[email protected].(QualJetisthepublisheroftheonlineQuality Waterjet Newsletter.)Comeandvisitourbooth#421at2009WJTAConferenceinHouston,TX.
Page 12 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
LBCorp.hasrelocatedits Houston-areabranchtolargerquarterstobetterservecustomerswhoneedhigh-pressurewaterjetunits,accessoriesandservice.Thenew,10,800-square-footfacilityismorethantwicethesizeoftheoneNLBoccupiedfortheprevious20yearsandislocatedjustminutesawayat11506SpencerHighway,LaPorte,Texas.Thetelephonenumberremainsthesame:(281)471-7761.
ThenewbranchhasNLBhigh-pressureandultra-highpressurewaterjetpumpunitsforsale,rentorleasewithawiderangeofwaterjetaccessories.ThesearedisplayedwithaconvertibleNLBpumpunitinan800-square-footshowroom,thoughttobethelargestintheindustry.Thereisalsoalargeservicearea,apartsdepartmentwithasubstantial
New Location For NLB Branch In Texas
inventory,andatrainingroomforcustomers’operatingandmaintenancepersonnel.
TheNLBTexasbranchisstaffedbyfactory-trainedprofessionalswithmanyyearsofwaterjetindustryexperience.TheyareledbymanagerLarrySlavin,whosequarter-centuryintheindustryincludes15yearswithNLB.
NLBCorp.,aleaderinhigh-pressureandultra-highpressure
N
waterjetproductivity,manufacturesafulllineofqualitywaterjettingsystemsandaccessoriesforcontractorandindustrialuses.Theseincludeproductremoval,surfacepreparation,pavementstripeandrubberremoval,tankandtubecleaning,concretehydrodemolition,concreteandpipecutting,andmore.
Formoreinformation,visitwww.nlbcorp.com.
Jet-Brick
Material:
Colors:
Sizes:
Call or email us for a quote!
by PR Specialty Products, Inc.
Specializing in custom lengths up to 96"
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 13
Booth #303B
Figure 4. Self-Rotary Nozzle with Extension Arms and Centralizer for
Large Pipe Cleaning
Figure 5. Self-Rotary Nozzle for Cleaning Pipe with Elbows
Figure 6. Use of a Rigid Stinger in Pipe Cleaning to Prevent Tool from
Turning Around in Pipe
3. SELECTION OF TOOLING
Theselectionof tooling touseon theendof the hose is primarily basedonwhatwillfit into thepipeorvessel tobecleaned,andongettingthejetscloseenough to the surface being cleanedto be effective. The other criteria intool selection are pressure and flowcapacityofthetool,thepossibleportingconfigurations, and the rotation speedrange. 3.1 Pipe Cleaning
Thebasicparametersfortoolselectioninpipecleaningarethepipediameter,whether the pipe is straight or haselbows, and the length of the run.Depending on the difficulty of thematerial to be removed, the use ofcentralizersandextensionarmsmaybeneededtoreducethestandoffdistanceinlargerpipes,andwhetherthepipehasscaleorispartiallyorfullyblockedwilldetermine the location andnumberoforifices in thecleaninghead.Rotationspeedoftheheadisdeterminedbythesize of the pipe and the nature of thedeposittoberemoved.
3.1.1 Tool Selection
Manysizesandconfigurationsofself-rotarypipecleaningtoolsareavailable.Typically,largertoolsaremoredurableand have greater flow capacities thansmaller tools. Figure 4 illustrates aself-rotary tool with a centralizer andextension arms as would be used instraightrunsofpipelargerthan305mm(12in.)diameter,whileFigure5showsa shorter self-rotary tool specificallydesignedforuseinpipeswithelbows.Alwaysmakesurethattherigidlengthofthetoolandhoseendisatleast1.5timestheinsidediameterofthepipetoprevent the tool from turning around;usearigidstingerbetweenthehoseandthetoolifnecessarytoachievethis,asshown in Figure 6.The toolwill still
beable togoaroundanelbowat this1.5 ratio.
3.1.2 Jetting Configurations
Self-rotary tools have the advantageofusingfewerandthuslargerorificesthannon-rotaryheadswhileachievingcompletecoverageof thewallsof thepipe being cleaned. The location andquantity of the orifices in the rotaryheadaredependentonwhetherthepipeis blocked requiring forward facingjets,orhasscaleonthewalls,requiringoutward (radial) jets, and how muchpulling force is needed, requiringrearward facing jets.Orificesofequalsizesshouldbeinstalledoppositeeachothertobalancetheheadfromsidetoside.
When a tool is making a horizontalrun,eachpoundofpullingforcefromthejetswillpullbetween1.5and3m(5and10ft)ofhose,dependingontheweight of the hose and the vibrationcreated by the pump pulsations. If atoolmustclimbstraightup,thejetpullmustbeatleastequaltotheweightofthetoolandtheweightofthelengthofhosebeinglifted.
3.1.3 Rotation Speed
The rotation speed of the head islimited by the available speed rangeofthetoolbeingused,butmanyhaveadjustablespeed.Rotatingslowerthannecessarywillincreasethetimeittakesto complete the cleaning, as the rateatwhich the tool isadvanced throughthepipeshouldbereduced toachievecomplete coverage. However, in thecaseofverythickdepositsonthepipewall, a slower rotation speedmay bemost effective. The jet can penetratethrough the deposit and by means ofpressurizingbetweenthepipewallandthematerial,causethematerialtobreakloosefromthepipewall.
Configuring A Waterblast System, frompage10
The maximum rotation speed isdependentonthediameterofthepipeand the standoffdistance.As thepipegetslarger,thejetwillbemovingfasteracrossthesurfaceforthesamerotationspeed.Inapipewith305mm(12in.)diameterandaheadrotating300rpm,the surface speed is 4.6m/s (15 ft/s);the same rotation speed in a 915mm(36 in.) pipe has a surface speed of14.3m/s(47ft/s).Theeffectofsurfacespeed is shown in Figure 7; at closestandoff distance, a surface speed ofup to 16.8m/s (55 ft/s) doesnot loseany effectiveness, but as the standoff
(continuedonpage17)
Page 14 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
etEdge,Inc.hasavailableanewvideofeaturingits MidRailGantrywaterjetcuttingmachine.Thevideocanbeviewedatwww.jetedge.com.
Inthevideo,JetEdgehighlightstheperformancefeaturesandcapabilitiesofitslatestwaterjetcuttingsystem,whichiscapableofcuttingvirtuallyanymaterial.TheJetEdgeMidRailGantrywaterjetsystemfeaturesanexposedtankthateasilyaccommodatesoverheadloading.Itcomesstandardwithoneabrasivejet
Jet Edge Mid Rail Gantry Waterjet Cutting Machine Featured In New Video
J
etEdge,Inc.,hasintroducedtheiP36-280DS diesel-poweredwaterjetintensiferpump,idealforuseinremoteand/ormobilelocationswhereelectricityisscarce,theiP36-280DSispoweredbyareliable280hpCumminsturbodieselenginethatmeetsdomesticandinternationalTier3emissionsstandards.Itiscapableofproducingaflowrateofupto7.2gallons(27liters)perminuteof36,000 psi (2,500 bar)ultra-highpressurewaterforwaterjetcutting,surfacepreparationandcleaningapplications.
TheiP36-280DSwaterjetintensifierpumputilizesapressure-compensatedhydraulicsystemtodrivedualplunger-styleintensifiers.TheuseofhydraulicfluidpowerprovidessmoothflowingUHPwaterresultinginlongsystemlife.Reliableandprecisecontroloftheelectronicallyshiftedintensifiersensuressuperiorperformancestandardswithreducedoperatingcosts.Thewaterjetpumpisbuiltonaskid-mountedframewithliftingeyesandforkliftguidesprovidedforincreasedmobility.Italsoisavailableina55,000psi(4,100bar)model.
Formoreinformation,visitwww.jetedge.comorcall1-800-JET-EDGE(538-3343).
Jet Edge 36K 280hp Diesel-Powered Waterjet Intensifier Pump
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 15
cuttinghead;asecondcuttingheadcanbeaddedtoincreaseproductivity.TheMidRailGantryisavailableinawiderangeofsizes,including5'x5',5'x13',8'x5',8'x13',21'x5'and21'x13'.
TheMidRailGantryisball-screwdrivenforhigheraccuracy.Itssturdyheavy-walltubularsteelconstructioneliminatesvibrationandincreaseslongevity.TheMidRailGantryutilizesanindustrialPCcontrollerandcanbeconfiguredsothatallthreeaxesarefullyprogrammable(Zoptional).Italsofeaturesdirect-coupleACbrushlessdigitalservomotorsandsingleordoublecarriages.Criticalbearingcomponentsareprotectedwithheavymetalcoverswithbrushseals.Optionalmirroringcapabilitiesmakeitpossibletocutpartcycletimeinhalf.
TheJetEdgeMidRailGantryispoweredbyaJetEdgewaterjetintensifierpump.JetEdgewaterjetpumpsareavailablein60,000psi(4,100bar)and90,000psi(6,200bar)models,andrangeinhorsepowerfrom30hpto280hp.LikeallJetEdgewaterjets,theMidRailGantryisproudlymadeintheU.S.A.
Formoreinformation,visitwww.jetedge.com,[email protected],call1-800-JET-EDGE(538-3343)or763-497-8700.
J
etEdge,Inc.hasannouncedthat SunnyLimitedofTokyo,Japan,hasbeenselectedasitsnewwaterjetsystemsdistributorforJapan.SunnyLimitedisauthorizedtosell,installandserviceJetEdgewaterjetintensifierpumps,waterjetcuttingmachinesandwaterblasting,surfacepreparationandcleaningequipmentthroughoutJapan.
SunnyLimitedisawell-establishedimporter/exporterofindustrialequipmentwithnearly50yearsofindustrialexperience.ThecompanyoperatesfromitsheadofficeinTokyoandsevenotherofficesthroughoutJapanincludingKagoshima,Osaka,Nagoya,Fukuoka,Takatsuki,Yokohama,andTsukuba.LikeJetEdge,SunnyLimitedprovides
JJet Edge Selects Distributors in Japan and Canada
24/7/365technicalsupportandservicetotheircustomersfortheproductstheyimportanddistribute.
FormoreinformationaboutSunnyLimited,visitwww.sunnyltd.co.jp,[email protected].
JetEdge,Inc.hasalsoannouncedthatElliott-MatsuuraCanadaInc.hasbeenselectedasitsexclusivewaterjetsystemsdistributorforCanada.Ascoast-to-coastdistributorofJetEdgewaterjets,Elliott-MatsuuracarriesJetEdge’sfulllineofprecisionwaterjetcuttingequipment,includingwaterjetcuttingmachinesandwaterjetintensifierpumps.Thecompany’sserviceengineersareauthorizedtoprovideinstallation,repairs,
calibrationandmaintenanceforJetEdgewaterjetequipment.
BasedinOakville,Ontario,Elliott-MatsuuraCanadaInc.hasbeensupplyingandsupportingqualitymachinetoolstotheCanadianmetalcuttingindustrysince1950.
FormoreinformationaboutElliott-MatsuuraCanadaInc.,visithttp://elliottmachinery.com,call905-829-2211 [email protected].
FormoreinformationaboutJetEdgewaterjets,visitwww.jetedge.com,call1-800-JET-EDGE(538-3343),[email protected].
Page 16 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
Booth #305A
distance increases, the maximumsurfacespeeddecreasesto13.7m/s(45ft/s)beforeshowingdeterioration.Thisbecomesaveryimportantconsiderationin very large pipes, tanks, and stackcleaning,wherediametersof3m (10ft) ormore are common.With a 3m(10 ft) diameter vessel, the rotationspeedshouldbenomorethan80rpmtomaintainasurfacespeedof12m/s(40ft/s)orless.Thesurfacespeedinaroundpipeorvesseliscalculatedusingequation3.
(3)SurfaceSpeed(m/s)=RPMxDiameter(m)/19.1
(3)SurfaceSpeed(ft/s)=RPMxDiameter(ft)/19.1
3.2 Tube Cleaning
Tube cleaning may be done by handheld flex lancing, machines that feedflex lances, or rigid lances mountedon a machine, with rotation providedby a motor. There exists two basictube cleaning jobs, those with scaleon the walls of the tubes but tubesare otherwise open, and completelyplugged tubes. Cleaning of scaledtubes isoftenreferredtoaspolishing.Becauseofthesmallsizesofhosesorlancesused,theflowratemayneedtobelimitedtominimizepressurelosses.
3.2.1 Nozzle Selection
Tubenozzlesare typicallyeithernon-rotatingtipswithasmanyas20orifices,self-rotarynozzleswith2to7orificesthat are installed on the end of a nonrotatingflexorrigidlance,ortipswith2to7orificestobeinstalledontheendofarotatinglance.Aswithpipecleaning,the use of rotation allows completecoveragewith fewer, larger jets. Thetubesizedeterminesthemaximumsizeof the lance tip and the lance.Whencleaningpluggedtubes,thenozzleusedshouldbeno larger than2/3 to3/4ofthetubediameter.Thenozzlediameter
shouldbelargerthanany couplings orhoseendstopreventmaterial fromcatch-ingonthese.
3.2.2 Jetting Configurations
Flex lance nozzlesare usually jettedto produce severalpounds of pullingforce;thisisaccom-plished by the useof rearward facingjets. In unpluggingpatterns, this re-quires about 60%of the water tothe back jets; thiswater is practically wasted, as therearwardfacingjetsaretoopoorinjetquality to do much effective materialremoval. They are only there toprovidecounterbalanceto theforwardfacing jets, andwhen a rigid lance isused on a securely supported lancingmachine,thereisnoneedforbackwardfacingjets.Thereisnoextraflushingprovidedbytherearwardfacingjets;inapluggedtube,thewaterhasnowhere
elsetogobutoutthecleanendofthetube,carryingcuttingswithit.
3.2.3 Rotation Speed
The same surface speed parametersapply in tube cleaning as in pipecleaning; the biggest difference beingthemuchsmallersizeof the tubes. Ina25mm(1in.)tube,therotationspeedtoachievethemaximumrecommended
Figure 7. Effect of Surface Speed on Jet Performance
(continuedonpage19)
Booth #309, 310B
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 17
Configuring A Waterblast System, frompage14
ince1971,thepeopleof KMThaveworkedwithextremepressureproductsandhavebuiltastrongreputationforreliableproductsandexcellentsupport.ThelineofPSCproducts,allmanufacturedbyKMT,leveragetheexperienceanddelivertheperformanceKMTcustomershavegrowntoknowandexpect.
PSC for Pressures to 20K, 30K, 40K, 66K, 100K and 150K
PSCweredevelopedonthebasisofcustomerinputandKMT’sexperiencewithextremepressuresystems.Keyattributesidentifiedastopneedsbeforedevelopmentbeganweredurability,reliabilityandavailability.
PSCpartsaredesignedwithfeaturesthatmakethemdurableandreliableevenintheharshestenvironments.Forexample,thehigh-pressurevalvesweremadewithheavy-dutymetalhandles,machinedwithfingergripsandgivenhighergradestainlesssteelvalvestems.
Precision System Components (PSC) From KMT Waterjet ThepartsarestockedinlargequantitiestoallowquickdeliverybyKMTWaterjetSystemsandagrowingnetworkofleadingdistributors(OEM).
KMTWaterjetSystemshasastrongreputationforresponsiveness,serviceandreliableequipment.TheseattributeswerecarriedovertothePSCline,wherethenewvalvesweredeepcycletestedforperformance.
The net result is a new line ofvalves,fittingsandtubingthataremadeusingprecisionproductionmachines,bettermaterialsandnewdesigns.Eveninthetoughestenvironments,PSCpartsofferperformancethatisunmatchedbyothermanufacturers.
FormoreinformationaboutPSCpartsortoplaceanorder,call(814)835-3600ore-mail:pscsales@kmtwaterjet.
com.Downloadacatalogatkmtwaterjet.com/multimediapage.
S
MTAqua-Dyne’snewwebsiteisnowonline.Thenewsite hasbeenredesignedwithimprovednavigationfunctionstoviewAqua-Dyne’sextensivechoicesofwaterblastingproducts.
Thenewwebsiteprovidesinformationonwaterblastingsolutionsusedinindustrialcleaning,pipecleaning,surfacepreparation,hydrostatictesting,hydrodemolition,striperemoval,pumpingunitsandforwaterblastingparts.
ViewthenewKMTAqua-Dynewebsiteatwww.aqua-dyne.com.
KMT Aqua-Dyne Launches New Website
K
Page 18 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
WJTAListServ - A Free Service To WJTA Members
The WJTAListServ enables you to take advantage of prompt email interaction with your colleagues. WJTAListServ is a FREE email broadcast system developed by WJTA to help you communicate and network with other waterjet professionals.
Participation is limited to WJTA members in good standing. You must sign up in order to participate. To sign up for the WJTAListServ, contact Beth at the WJTA office by email: [email protected], phone: 314-241-1445, or fax: 314-241-1449.
surface speed of 16.8m/s (55 ft/s) is12,600rpm,whichiswhythehighspeedself rotarynozzles canbe effective insmalltubecleaning.Butwiththishighspeed comes rapid deterioration withstandoff distance, so a nozzle with alargerdiametershouldbeusedinlargertubes.
3.2.4 Feed Rate
In both tube and pipe cleaning, anestimatedfeedratecanbedeterminedusing the rotation speed and thenumber and size of the jets. This isonlyanestimation,asthematerialmayneedtobehitseveral timesbythe jetbeforebeingcompletelyremoved,butitdoesserveasausefulstartingpoint.Equation4isusedtocalculatethefeedrate. Typically a jet spreads and hasan effective impact path greater thantheorificediameter;thisfactormaybeincludedasamultipleinthisequation.
(4)FeedRate(mm/min)=RPMxNumberofJetsxOrificeDiameter
(mm)xJetSpread
(4)FeedRate(in./min)=RPMxNumberofJetsxOrificeDiameter
(in.)xJetSpread
3.3 Vessel and Tank Cleaning
Largetanksandvesselscanbeamongthemostdifficult cleaningchallengesduetotheirlargesize,limitedandconfinedspace access and internal geometries.Thesimplestequipmenttouseisa3-Dtype tool, although the most efficientmeans is a 2-D toolmoved along theaxis of the vessel. Unfortunately, inmost tanks this is not possible due tocentral obstructions such as agitators.Standoff distances can be quite large;the effective cleaning range can beestimatedasexplainedinSection2.3ofthispaper.Rotationspeedandsurface
Configuring A Waterblast System, frompage17
speedarealsoimportantconsiderationsduetothelargesizeofthevesselsbeingcleaned.
The simplestmethod for using a 3-Dtool is tohang itby thehighpressurehoseasshowninFigure8.A3-Dtoolis most effective if left in place tooperate through a cleaning cycle, asopposed to continuouslymoving it as
isdonewitha2-Dtypetool. Severaltypesofpositionersfor3-Dtoolsallowplacingthetoolclosertothesurfacetobecleaned,andtopositionthetoolonthefarsideofobstructions,asshowninFigures9and10.
Largediametertanks,stacksandvesselsthathaveanopencenterandameansof
(continuedonpage20)
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 19
Booths #312, 313B
examinationalsoindicatedthepresenceofmicro-cracksbelowthejackhammerpre-paredsurfacewhilenonewasfoundbelowthehydrodemolitionpreparedsurface.ArealtestofbridgeworkwasdoneonafreewaybridgeinSeattlewithahydrodemolitionunitoperatingat25,000psiandbetween15and44GPM.Avolumeremovalratefrom12and24cubicfeetperhourwasachievedbychangingthenozzlediameterandthereforetheflowrateandhorsepower(from260to580HP)aswellasbyfixingthehorsepowerandchangingthepressure(from13,000to55,000 psi).
* Schmid, R.F. (1989) High pressure hydromilling of concrete surfaces, Proceedings of the 5th American Water Jet Conference, Toronto, Canada, August 29- 31, Paper 15.
ReprintedbypermissionfromQualityWaterjetNews-letter,June23,2009.
Hydrodemolition of Concrete Surfaces, frompage9
Figure 8. 3-D Cleaning Head Hanging from High
Pressure Hose
Figure 9. Positioning of 3-D Cleaning Head Closer to Wall of Tank
Figure 10. Positioning of 3-D Cleaning Head on Far
Side of Obstruction
Figure 11. 2-D Head in Large Tank and Stack Cleaning
Configuring A Waterblast System, frompage19
WJTA Administration
Vice-PresidentPat DeBusk
(281)842-8000
Chairman of the BoardJohn Wolgamott(970)259-2869
President/Jet News EditorGeorge A. Savanick, Ph.D.
(952)432-7594
SecretaryHugh B. Miller, Ph.D.
(303)273-3558
2007-2009 Directors
Bill Gaff(815)673-3835
Greg Galecki, Ph.D.(573)341-4938
Mohamed Hashish, Ph.D.(253)850-3500
Bill McClister(713)307-2142
Forrest Shook(248)624-5555
B.T. Steadman(601)933-4650
Emeritus Members
Mark S. Birenbaum, Ph.D. l Kenneth C. Carroll(314)241-1445
TreasurerLarry Loper
(800)289-7447
Andrew F. Conn, Ph.D.(410)532-3452
Thomas J. Kim, Ph.D.(401)874-5991
Thomas J. Labus(262)245-9702
Fun-Den Wang, Ph.D.(303)279-9415
Association Managers
Paul Webster(281)925-4509
accessingthecentercanmosteffectivelybecleanedusinga2-Drotatingtoolthatisslowlyraisedorloweredtoachievecompletecoverage,asshowninFigure11.Inthisfashion,thejetsarealwaysdirectlyaimedatthewallwitharelativelycloseandconstantstandoffdistance.
4. SUMMARY
Therearemanyvariablesinwaterblastcleaningapplications,fromtypesofequipmenttobecleanedtothedepositsthatmustberemoved.Thispapercoveredthebasicstomethodicallyapproachthesetasksandtheparametersthatinfluenceallapplications.
IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING SPAMEmail addresses and other member contact information published in the WJTA Mem-bership Directory is meant to encourage helpful, informative communication between members. The information is not provided to circulate spam or junk mail.
The WJTA leadership requests that members respect the contact information of fellow members and not use that information for the dissemination of spam or junk email. Membership information is not meant to be circulated beyond the WJTA membership.
Page 20 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
objects,joinsthemandgivesthemthesamecharge.
Grounding–eliminatesthedifferenceinelectricalchargeofaconductivebodytotheground(earth)byaconductivewire.
Whatisthebestmethodofcontrollingstaticchargebuilduponyourvacuumtrucks?Theproperinstallationanduseofcarefullydesignatedruggedbondingandgroundingequipment.
Severalimportantfeaturesofgoodstaticgroundingequipmentare:
Groundingandbondingclamps1. shouldbeequippedwithrugged,sharp,spark-proofpointstoensuremetaltometalcontact.ManytimesthemetalsurfaceshavemanycoatsofpaintorrustthatresistthepropercontactPliertypeclampsmustbemade2. ofcorrosionandspark-proofmaterialandhavearuggedstrongspringLowresistantflexiblecablesare3. amust.TheOSHArequirementofa10orlessOHMresistanceofthecableconnectioncanbemadewithcablesCablescancomeinavariety4. oftypesandlengths,includingstraightstainlesssteelandonretractablereels.
Static Electricity – The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry, frompage2
Theuseofweakalligatorclipsorflatsurfacewieldingclampsoffersafalsesenseofsecurityandmanytimesdon’tmakepropergroundconnection.
Thebondingofhoses,conductivepipewands,andotherpiecesconnectedtogetherforthevacuum
Bond Wire Ground Wire
Now there's a convertible unit with UHP you can always count on.
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NLB 225: 8,000 psi to 40,000 psiThe new-generation NLB 225 combines the industry's most dependable UHP water jetting with the broadest pressure range of any convertible unit: 8,000 to 40,000 psi.
It's also the easiest unit to convert (just 20-30 minutes), and has a low-rpm pump that reduces wear, downtime and operating costs. And if you already have an NLB 225, you can add UHP with a simple kit!
NLB has more convertible units, more accessories, and more customer support, available at five regional branches. Let us boost your productivity — call 1-877-NLB-7988 or visit www.nlbcorp.com.
NLB. The Leader in Water Jet Productivity.
Convert the NLB 225 to 40,000 psi in just 30 minutes — 20 minutes for lower pressures.
processisessentialtoprovideelectricalcontinuityensuringasafepathforthestaticelectricalbuildup.HoseconnectionsshouldbetestedwithOHMmetersonaperiodicbasistoensuresafeconnections.
(continuedonpage24)
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 21
Booths #401, 404B
lowInternationalCorporation hasintroducedtheJetPlexpump,designedtosettheindustrystandardforperformanceandreliability.
Designedtorun24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,JetPlexpumpsarebasedonfield-proventechnologywithmorethan10,000pumpsinstalledworldwide,loggingmorethan65millionworkinghours.Thedesignensuresthehighestpressurestabilityavailableinapump,withoptimalperformance,reliabilityandeasy,predictablemaintenance.
JetPlexprovidesuserswiththefollowingkeybenefits:
Goodedgequalityonpartsand•fastercuttingspeeds.
Lowerutilitybills.Lesspowerand•waterconsumedperhorsepowerofoutput,combinedwithlowermaintenancecosts,deliversthelowestoveralloperatingpumpcostsintheindustry.
Reduceddowntimeascomparedto•otherdirectdrivepumps.Flow’sR&DstaffandengineersdesignpartsusingsophisticatedFiniteElementAnalysis(FEA)modelingsoftware,wherepressure-cyclefatiguelifeandstructuralcharacteristicscanbepredictedandanalyzedonacomputer.
Increasedpumpreliability.With•Flow’spatenteddesignsandhigh-qualitymaterials,theJetPlexpumpofferslongerintervalsbetweenmaintenancecyclesthanpreviousgenerationsofdirectdrivepumps.
Simplermaintenance.Withno•hydraulicsystem,JetPlexpumpsareeasiertomaintain.
TheJetPlexutilizesFlow’sPatentedAutomaticControlValve,orPac-V,
Flow International Introduces JetPlex Pump, FlowConnexTM
toensurequickreactionwhenchangingoperatingpressureoropeningandclosingtheflowofwaterthroughthecuttingnozzle.ThePac-Visalsoeasierandmorereliabletousethandesignsthatutilizeabypassvalveordualorificedesigntocontrolwaterflow.AnotherbenefitofPac-Vtechnologyisthatitallowstheuseofawiderangeoforificesizes,ensuringthatyoucantacklethemostchallenginganddiverseapplications.
FlowhasalsorecentlyintroducedFlowConnex,thecompany’snextgenerationofinterconnectivityforwaterjetoperations.
UsingFlowConnex,operators,shopsupervisorsandmanagerscaneasilyseethestatusoftheirFlowwaterjetsystemsontheFlowConnexdashboardfromtheshopfloor,inanofficeoratanoffsitelocation.Thisincludeswaterjetmachineproductivityandmachineutilizationinformation,aswellaspumppressureandothercriticalsystemparameters.FlowConnexalsoprovidesalerts
tosignalwaterjetoperatorsandmanagementofwaterjetmachineand/orpumpconditionsthatcouldshutdownthewaterjetmachine.Thesecustomizedalertscanbeviewedfrome-mailoranymobiledevice,suchasacellphone.
InadditiontoFlowConnexpinpointingpotentialissues,itlinksdirectlytoFlow’sexpertknowledgedatabasefacilitatingafastandefficientresolution.Together,withFlow’sexclusive24houraday,365days-per-yearphonesupport,downtimeisminimizedandproductionismaximized.
Formoreinformation,visitwww.flowcorp.com.
F
Recommended Practices Under Review subcommitteeoftheWJTASafetyCommitteehasbeenformedto reviewandupdatetheRecommended Practices for the Use of Manually Operated High Pressure Waterjetting Equipment.Inadditiontoareviewofthecurrentcontent,thecommitteewillalsodiscussanewsectionthatwilladdressrecommendedpracticesfortheuseofautomatedwaterjettingequipment.
PleasesubmityourcommentsorsuggestionsforrevisingtheRecommended Practicesto:WJTASafetyCommittee,906OliveStreet,Suite1200,St.Louis,MO63101-1448,phone:(314)241-1445,fax:(314)241-1449,email:[email protected],website:www.wjta.org.
Page 22 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
A
fourfaces.SEI-IdrojetoperationsandsitemanagerEnricoMariottiwasresponsiblefordevisingandcontrollingthehydrodemolitionprocess.
Oncompletionofconcreteremovalanotherteamfollowedonfixingadditionalreinforcementinstagestoallsidesofthetaperingpier.Shutteringpanels1.8mhighwerethenfixedroundallfacestosupportanew220mmthickskinofselfcompactingconcretepumpedintotheformworkfromgroundlevel.Aftertheconcretehadsettheformworkwasremovedandrepositionedforthenext1.8mliftfortheprocesstoberepeatedtothetopofthepier.
Oncompletionofrepairingandstrengtheningapierwithanadditionallayerofconcrete,theworkingplatformwasdismantledandre-erectedonthenextandthensubsequentpiersforthehydrodemolitionandconcreterepairprocesstoberepeated.
Forinformation,contactLarsGöranNilsson,ConjetAB,P.O.Box507,S-13625Haninge,Sweden,phone:+46-(0)8-5565-2240,fax:+46-(0)8-5565-2260,email:[email protected],web:www.conjet.com.
Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In Italy, frompage6
The Conjet modified feedbeam and nozzle, travelling back and forth along the platform’s rack, selectively removed damaged concrete to a depth of 70mm and below any exposed reinforcing.
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 23
Index of AdvertisersA.M. Gatti, Inc. .................................................................................... pg. 7
Accustream....................................................................................... pg. 27
Barton Mines Company, LLC .............................................................. pg. 9
Gardner Denver Water Jetting Systems, Inc. - Booths #314, 315B ......... pg. 5
High Pressure Equipment Company - Booth #219A ........ outside back cover
IGEMS Software - Booths #309, 310B .................................................. pg. 17
International Waterjet Parts, Inc. - Booth #305A .................................. pg. 16
Jetstream of Houston, LLP - Booths #402-408B ..................................... pg. 3
KMT Aqua-Dyne, L.P. - Booths #312, 313B ........................................... pg. 19
NLB Corp. - Booths #401, 404B ............................................................ pg. 21
Pak-Rite, Ltd. .................................................................................... pg. 13
QualJet LLC - Booth #421B ................................................................. pg. 11
S.M.T. - Booth # 303B .......................................................................... pg. 13
StoneAge, Inc. - Booths #101, 103, 200, 202A ........................................ pg. 26
Rhino Board...................................................................................... pg. 15
TurtleSkin WaterAmor by Warwick Mills - Booth #303A ....................... pg. 25
Vacuum Truck Rentals, LLC - Booths #409, 410B ................................. pg. 23
Booths #409, 410B
Inadditiontothemechanicalstaticgroundingclampsandassemblies,thereareelectrical-indicatingstaticgroundverificationsystems.Thesesystemsverifywhenpropergroundconnectionsaremadeandlightsignalsshowtheoperatorwhenagroundconnectionissecured.Systemscanbesetupasgroundindicatorsorcanalsobewiredwiththevacuumpumpsothattheywillnotallowavacuumoperationwithoutagroundconnection.
Groundmonitoringdevicesoffersafe,economicalandeasy-to-installsolutionsforapplicationswhereitisnecessarytoverifyagoodstaticgroundconnectionontocontainers,drums,roadtankers,railcars,andotherconductiveobjects.
“In bonding and grounding installations that are prone to corrosion, movement, or insulating surface coatings, self testing bonding clamps and systems can be used to
Static Electricity – The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry, frompage21
continuously test the resistance to ground and verify acceptable levels.” NFPA776.8.4
Priortoanoperatorvacuumingflammableliquidsorpowdersfromavessel, the operator mustconnectagroundingclampandcabletoaknownmetalground.Thiswillensureapathwayforthepotentialstaticelectricitytobedissipatedfromthevacuumtrucktotheground.Withtheuseofconductivevacuumhoses,thevacuumoperationwillbebondedtothetrucks.Nowthecleaningoperationcanbegin.
Anotherimportantpartofasaferoperatingfleetisinitialandperiodtrainingofoperatorsonstaticelectricalsafety.
Be safe and beat the “Invisible Enemy,” Static Electricity.
Jetstream Creates Visual Safety System For Waterblasting Equipment, frompage11 Jetstreamiswidelyrecognizedforseveralsignificantadvancementsinwaterblastcontrolgundesign,mostnotablytheintroductionofcartridge-stylevalvesforfast,easyfieldmaintenanceand
hydraulically-biasedvalvingforsafer,morepositiveoperatorcontrol.Thecompanyhasmanufacturedinnovativecontrolgunsfornearly30yearsandlaunchedproductionoftheversatileDuraSafeseriesin1998.
FormoreinformationonthevisualsafetysystemfromJetstream,call1-800/231-8192,orvisitJetstreamonlineatwww.waterblast.com.
Page 24 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
VSS® Jetstream’s Visual Safety System for waterblast equipment. © 2009 Jetstream of Houston, LLP P/N 71740
New features enhance learning & skills
WARDJet Updates Website ARDJethasupdatedits websitetoincludefeaturesthateverywaterjetoperatorwillfindvaluable.Subscribetoadailyblogtostayinformedaboutnewwaterjetapplications.Participateinthe“WaterjetUniversity”todiscoveranswerstowaterjetcuttingquestions.Subjectmatterincludespumpandgantrydesign,waterjetincomparisonwithothercuttingtechnologies,waterjetsoftwareandcontrols,andtheexplorationofbusinessopportunitiesinthewaterjetfield.Exploreanextensivephotoandvideolibrarythatincludeswaterjetproductstohelpvisualizethebenefits.
Aninventoryofusedwaterjetmachinesofvariousmakesandmodelsisconstantlyupdated.UsefulinformationaboutabrasiveremovalandthenewWARDProabrasiverecyclingsystemisalsoincluded.
Thewebsiteiseasytonavigateandincludesasectionoffreedownloads(productcatalog,feed-ratecalculator,trialversionofIGEMS®softwareandmore).
Visitwww.wardjet.com.
W
The Jet News is published by the WaterJet Technology Association (WJTA) and is a benefit of membership in the Association.
©2009 Jet News. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form forbidden without express permission.
Booth #303A
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 25
helatestAquajetSystems‘open day’heldatthecompany’sproductionfacilityinHolsbybrunn,Sweden,provedhighlysuccessfulattractingvisitorsfrommorethan12countries.
“Settingarecord,thehighnumberofguests,confirmedthatinternational
interestinhydrodemolitiontechniquesissteadilygrowing,notonlyinEuropebutglobally,”saysAquajetSystemsManagingDirectorStefanHilmersson.
“Wearecommittedtopresentingnewproductsandtechniquesthatprovideincreasedefficiencyandqualitytoourcustomers,”saysSalesManagerJan-ÅkePetersson,“Thisyearwasnoexception,andthelatestversionoftheAquaCutterHVDEvolutionattractedconsiderableattention.”
Demonstrationswerealsogivenwiththepatentedinnovationproducinggeometricpatternssuchastriangles,parallelogramsandcircles.
AquajetSystemsrobotprogramhasbeenextendedwiththenewconceptrobot,MaxHybrid.Poweredbyanelectricengine,italsofeaturesanonboarddieselengineasanalterativesourceofpower;accordingtotheapplication.
New MaxHybrid
Aquajet “Open Day”
T
The latest innovations were well received.
Thenewrobothasanextendedreachof10m(32ft)plusallthefeaturesofotherAquajetrobotstoprovidetheoperatorwithsignificantflexibility.
Duringthetwodayevent,guestswerealsoabletostudyandtestAquajet’scompleteproductprogram.Productsandaccessories,developedtoincreasethesafetyandversatilityusingwaterjettingintheconstructionindustry,werealsoondisplay.
Formoreinformation,visitwww.aquajet.seoremail:[email protected].
Booths #101, 103, 200, 202A
Page 26 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009
Stephen J. Tarris Southwest Aqueous Cleaning. LLC PO Box 68892 Oro Valley, AZ 95737 Telephone: (530)219-7103 Fax: (520)797-1695
Robert Waryga Madison Industrial Services Team, Ltd. 300 S. Pennell Road Suite 310 Media, PA 19063 Telephone: (610)358-4006
Amanuel T. Basha Politecnico Di Milano Via La Masa 1 Milan 1-20156 Italy Telephone: [39](02)2399 8530 Fax: [39](02)2399 8585
Allstate Power Vac. Bob Lindenberger Mark Wileczek Lou Galasso 2527 Market Street Aston, PA 19014 Telephone: (610)859-9000 Fax: (610)859-2000
Alta Tecnologia Industrial HP S.A. DE C.V. Rosa Maria Pina Chacon Tejocotes 10 3er Piso Colonia Del Valle 3100 Mexico Telephone: [52](55)55757492
Dunn Heat Exchangers, Inc. Ryan Kirtley Bret Bettison Art Simmons 410 21st Street South P.O. Box 3028-77592 Texas City, TX 77590 Telephone: (409)948-1704 Fax: (409)945-9873
International Flooring & Protective Coatings, Inc. Jon Solomon Robert Patrick 4675 E. Princess Anne Road Norfolk, VA 23502 Telephone: (757)855-5286 Fax: (757)853-5980 Dean Holstein 236 Elon Court Virginia Beach, VA 23454-4311 Telephone: (757)822-8511
World Wide Hose, Inc. Shawn Smith PO Box 514 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Telephone: (330)602-4259 Fax: (330)602-4455
Jeffrey Lee Meyer PSC 1806 Baker Way Kelso, WA 98626 Telephone: (360)423-0260 Fax: (360)636-0493
WJTA Welcomes New Members
Corporate Individuals
Corporate Individual
Student
Gildardo D. Arcila EMS 575 Swan Creek Court Suwanee, GA 30024 Telephone: (770)277-8706
Derek Bade Metco Industrial 640 South Road Glandore, SA 5037 Australia Telephone: [61](08)82972011 Fax: [61](08)83712610
Tony Bernard Aqua Power 413 Grant Avenue Eveleth, MN 55734-1310 Phone: (218)744-1144 Fax: (218)744-5555
Daphne Cameron Ausjet Incorporated PO Box 1426 Bibra Lake WA 6965 Australia Telephone: [61](430)391166
Michel Deleris JEDO Technologies Rue Du Chene Vert BP 78204 haute Garonne 31682 France Telephone: [33](0)561-000-450 Fax: [33](0)561-000-451
Dana M. Hicks ENZ USA, Inc. 1585 Beverly Court, Unit 115 Aurora, IL 60502 Telephone: (630)692-7880 Fax: (630)692-7885
Masaki Hino Fumie Guerrero 1362 Swallow Dr. El Cajon, CA 92020 Telephone: (619)300-9099
Mike Ingham CC EnviroKlean, Inc 6646 Berger Avenue Kansas City, KS 66111 Telephone: (913)342-3372 Fax: (913)621-6885
John Koval KR Surface Industries P.O. Box 50520 Palo Alto, CA 94303 Telephone: (877)330-1584 Fax: (650)330-1589
Yiyu Lu College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University Shazhengjie St. 174 Shapingba Zone Chongqing City 400044 China Telephone: [86](23)65112372 Fax: [86](23)65106640
Lars Neff University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland Klosterzelgstrasse 2 Windisch 5210 Switzerland Telephone: [41](56)462 44 97 Fax: [41](56)462 45 29
George T. Santin Fluid Transfer Technology Corp P.O. Box 4029 Copley, OH 44321 Telephone: (330)666-9646 Fax: (330)666-9656
Alexandre Sturlini Marcelino Vieira de Faria,140 Mirandóplis 16800000 Brazil Telephone: [55](18)37016163
August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 27
HiP... Our Name is High PressureCall 800-289-7447 or visit www.highpressure.com
High Pressure ValvesSix valve patterns in six pressure classes (up to150,000 psi) for reliable and flexible shut-off
High Pressure TubingTubing is cold drawn, seamless 316 S/S and supplied in 1/8 hard conditioned (not annealed)
Specialty ValvesBall, high temperature,micro-metering, relief, pipeconnection and male bottomconnection valves. Specialmaterials available.
Air Operated ValvesFive lines of air operators accommodate remote operation of high pressurevalves up to 100,000 psi
High Pressure FittingsComplete range of elbows,tees and crosses for all pressure classes and tubing connections
OnOffAd_WJTA_09Directory:Layout 3 9/29/08 5:13 PM Page 1
Booth #219A