Hydrocarbon Structure, Naming and Energy

ChemCom

2010

Review of Periodic Table

• Organized by number of protons (atomic number)

• Number of electrons is the same as the number of protons

• Reactivity depends on VALENCE (outer shell) electrons

• Number of valence electrons corresponds to group number

Review of Chemical Bonding

• Elements are looking for full outer shell

• Combine in order to get full number of valence electrons

• Carbon has 4 valence electrons

• Hydrogen has 1 valence electron

• Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms

Using the materials you and your partner have, make a

hydrocarbon

Count the number of C and the number of H

Record them in the table on the board

Alkanes – the most basic hydrocarbons

                                                                                                         

                                       

                                                                                             

                                                   

Alkane names and formulas

# Carbons Name Molecular Formula

1 Methane CH4

2 Ethane C2H6

3 Propane C3H8

4 Butane C4H10

5 Pentane C5H12

6 Hexane C6H14

7 Heptane C7H16

8 Octane C8H18

9 Nonane C9H20

10 Decane C10H22

What do you notice about the names of the alkanes?

Energy Storage

• Discuss the following with the person sitting in front or behind you.– Where is the energy?– Which have the most energy?

How do we use hydrocarbons?

• Coal– Heating– Electricity Generation

• Oil– Heating – Electricity Generation– Transportation

• Natural Gas– Heating – Electricity Generation– Transportation

• Line up in the front of the room according to the first letter of your mother’s name.

How do Hydrocarbons Form?

• Put the cards in the proper order of formation

• Once you think the order is correct have Ms. NH check

• Once you have been confirmed as correct then grab your computer and write up the proper order for your notes

• Now we know hydrocarbons are formed deep underground.

• What are some way that you know of that we access the hydrocarbons deep underground?

How do we access Hydrocarbons?

• Close your computer screens – its video time!

• Oil and Gas Drilling Video

• Now in your own words, write a summary of what you saw in the video.

• The oil that comes out of the ground is what we call CRUDE OIL

• It is not useable straight from the ground, it must be processed

How do we process Hydrocarbons?

# Carbons Name Boiling Point

1 Methane -161.7

2 Ethane -88.6

3 Propane -42.1

4 Butane -0.5

5 Pentane 36.1

6 Hexane 68.7

7 Heptane 98.4

8 Octane 125.7

9 Nonane 150.8

10 Decane 174.0

Which alkanes would be gasses at room temperature (23)?

Fractionating Tower

The boiling points of the alkanes are used to separate the different fractions with a tower like the one shown to the left.

Pull it all together

• Explain what happens to one hydrocarbon from the time it becomes oil underground until it is fractionated into a something useful. Send your answer to me in an email. Please be sure to use proper grammar for full credit.