HUMAN RELATIONSHUMAN RELATIONS

Career Management:Career Management: Securing Your FutureSecuring Your Future

Chapter 18 Objectives

Understand the forces shaping our Understand the forces shaping our economy and how they effect the types of economy and how they effect the types of jobs available.jobs available.

Explain the skills needed to manage your Explain the skills needed to manage your career.career.

Explain how to learn about occupations, Explain how to learn about occupations, organizations, and job openings.organizations, and job openings.

Write a solid resume.Write a solid resume.

Chapter 18 Objectives

Use appropriate behavior and Use appropriate behavior and communication during a job interview.communication during a job interview.

Identify ways to handle job search stress Identify ways to handle job search stress and respond to job offers.and respond to job offers.

Explain strategies for starting and ending Explain strategies for starting and ending jobs.jobs.

Forces Shaping the Workforce

Demographics DiversityDiversity Working parentsWorking parents Older workersOlder workers

Technological advances Take away routine tasks once done by peopleTake away routine tasks once done by people Require highly skilled workersRequire highly skilled workers

Globalization Relocation of jobsRelocation of jobs Requires international communication and interactionRequires international communication and interaction

Managing Your Career

Pursue skills and knowledge; do not wait Pursue skills and knowledge; do not wait for your employer to train you.for your employer to train you.

Recognize trends in job growth and Recognize trends in job growth and decline.decline.

Adjust to new work environments and Adjust to new work environments and systems.systems.

Develop job-seeking skills.Develop job-seeking skills. Identify your skills and values.Identify your skills and values. Identify your personal strengths and Identify your personal strengths and

potential obstacles.potential obstacles.

Learning about Careers

Online resourcesOnline resources School career-counseling centersSchool career-counseling centers Local librariesLocal libraries Department of Labor’s Department of Labor’s

CareerOneStop web siteCareerOneStop web site Occupational Outlook HandbookOccupational Outlook Handbook

(online or print version)(online or print version) Informational interviewsInformational interviews

Learning about Organizations

Local business directoriesLocal business directories Local Chamber of CommerceLocal Chamber of Commerce Company annual reportsCompany annual reports Online and library resourcesOnline and library resources

Hoover’sHoover’s ForbesForbes Standard and Poor’s Standard and Poor’s Thomas RegisterThomas Register Encyclopedia of AssociationsEncyclopedia of Associations

Learning about Job Openings

NetworkingNetworking Direct approachDirect approach The InternetThe Internet Newspaper want adsNewspaper want ads Job hot linesJob hot lines Employment agenciesEmployment agencies

Temporary agenciesTemporary agencies Job fairsJob fairs Summer Summer

jobs/internshipsjobs/internships School placement School placement

officeoffice

Evaluating Prospects

Identify and compare job parameters:Identify and compare job parameters: SalarySalary LocationLocation HoursHours People/groupsPeople/groups Outdoors/indoorsOutdoors/indoors Size of companySize of company Dress code/cultureDress code/culture Supervision/flexibilitySupervision/flexibility

Resume Writing Tips

Limit the resume to one page unless you have extensive Limit the resume to one page unless you have extensive experience.experience.

Target your resume to specific employers.Target your resume to specific employers. Do not enclose a photo or provide personal information.Do not enclose a photo or provide personal information. List activities and hobbies that are relevant to the position.List activities and hobbies that are relevant to the position. Be specific about your accomplishments.Be specific about your accomplishments. Expect to complete several revisions, and enlist someone to Expect to complete several revisions, and enlist someone to

help you proofread.help you proofread. Make your resume pleasing to the eye, but keep it simple.Make your resume pleasing to the eye, but keep it simple. Print the resume on 8 ½ x 11” white/off-white, high-grade Print the resume on 8 ½ x 11” white/off-white, high-grade

paper. paper.

Making Your Resume Text-Based/Scannable

Use popular industry key words throughout the Use popular industry key words throughout the resume and especially in a well-worded summary resume and especially in a well-worded summary section.section.

Print in highest quality, “letter quality” mode.Print in highest quality, “letter quality” mode. Avoid formatting, such as bold, italics, bullets, Avoid formatting, such as bold, italics, bullets,

lines, tables, and shading.lines, tables, and shading. Use Arial or Times Roman font in 11- or 12-point Use Arial or Times Roman font in 11- or 12-point

size.size. Do not fold, crease, or staple.Do not fold, crease, or staple. Use only white or off-white, 8 ½ x 11” paper.Use only white or off-white, 8 ½ x 11” paper.

Resume Formats

Chronological resumeChronological resume Identifies work experience in chronological order; Identifies work experience in chronological order;

most recent experience firstmost recent experience first Good for those who have continuous work history Good for those who have continuous work history

with progressively more responsible positionswith progressively more responsible positions Functional resumeFunctional resume

Emphasizes skills that can be transferred to other Emphasizes skills that can be transferred to other areasareas

Good for reentering the job market, changing Good for reentering the job market, changing careers, little work experience, frequent job changescareers, little work experience, frequent job changes

Hybrid or combination resumeHybrid or combination resume Incorporates chronological and functional formsIncorporates chronological and functional forms

References

Individuals who can vouch for your work abilities Individuals who can vouch for your work abilities and personal qualitiesand personal qualitiesFormer bosses and coworkersFormer bosses and coworkersTeachersTeachersFellow professionalsFellow professionalsAcquaintances who know you sociallyAcquaintances who know you socially

Do not list references on your resume.Do not list references on your resume. Make a separate reference list and be ready to Make a separate reference list and be ready to

provide it when requested.provide it when requested. Do not list references without their permission.Do not list references without their permission.

Filling Out a Job Application

Follow directions carefully.Follow directions carefully. Answer all questions.Answer all questions. Write neatly in blank ink or word process.Write neatly in blank ink or word process. Make sure answers are correct and well phrased.Make sure answers are correct and well phrased. Proofread carefully for errors.Proofread carefully for errors. Use complete and accurate addresses in the Use complete and accurate addresses in the

references section.references section. Be sure the form is attractive, neat, and clean.Be sure the form is attractive, neat, and clean. Sign and date the application.Sign and date the application.

Preparing for an Interview

Prepare thoughtful, honest answers to common interview Prepare thoughtful, honest answers to common interview questions.questions.

Prepare to ask questions about the company and position.Prepare to ask questions about the company and position. Verify the time, date, location, and name of interviewer.Verify the time, date, location, and name of interviewer. Research as much information about the company as Research as much information about the company as

possible.possible. Be sure that you know how to get to the location.Be sure that you know how to get to the location. Be prepared for different interview forms.Be prepared for different interview forms. Know your salary requirements and local salary ranges.Know your salary requirements and local salary ranges. Practice with a friend, and get honest feedback.Practice with a friend, and get honest feedback. Videotape yourself and evaluate your performance.Videotape yourself and evaluate your performance.

Tips for Successful Interviews

Be on your best behavior from the time you enter Be on your best behavior from the time you enter company property.company property.

Arrive a few minutes early.Arrive a few minutes early. Dress conservatively and appropriately for the Dress conservatively and appropriately for the

position.position. Use proper hygiene and grooming.Use proper hygiene and grooming. Do not smoke or chew gum.Do not smoke or chew gum. Smile and be pleasant to everyone you meet.Smile and be pleasant to everyone you meet. Use eye contact but do not stare.Use eye contact but do not stare. Make a good impression during the first moments.Make a good impression during the first moments. Explain how your qualifications make you the best Explain how your qualifications make you the best

candidate for the position.candidate for the position.

Tips for Successful Interviews

Never speak badly about a previous employer.Never speak badly about a previous employer. Explain any negative work experiences in an Explain any negative work experiences in an

unemotional manner, emphasizing what you learned unemotional manner, emphasizing what you learned and how you improved.and how you improved.

Ask several questions about the job or company.Ask several questions about the job or company. Do not bring up salary first. If asked about salary Do not bring up salary first. If asked about salary

requirements, discuss appropriate ranges.requirements, discuss appropriate ranges. Remain enthusiastic even if you feel the position isn’t Remain enthusiastic even if you feel the position isn’t

for you.for you. Ask for the job and ask when a decision will be made.Ask for the job and ask when a decision will be made. Be prepared to take pre-employment tests.Be prepared to take pre-employment tests.

Inappropriate Interview Questions

Questions related to the following topics are Questions related to the following topics are inappropriate in an interview:inappropriate in an interview: AgeAge Marital statusMarital status ChildrenChildren Criminal recordCriminal record National originNational origin ReligionReligion DisabilityDisability

These usually indicate an inexperienced interviewer These usually indicate an inexperienced interviewer but may indicate discrimination.but may indicate discrimination.

Don’t refuse to answer questions. Work to draw the Don’t refuse to answer questions. Work to draw the conversation back to your skills and experience, or conversation back to your skills and experience, or ask how the information is relevant to the position.ask how the information is relevant to the position.

Follow-Up after an Interview

Immediately after an interview, write a thank-you Immediately after an interview, write a thank-you note to each of the individuals with whom you note to each of the individuals with whom you interviewed. interviewed. Express thanks/appreciation.Express thanks/appreciation. Emphasize your interest and briefly re-state your Emphasize your interest and briefly re-state your

qualifications. qualifications. Ask for the job.Ask for the job. Make a good impression with a neat, error-free letter.Make a good impression with a neat, error-free letter.

Keep interview progress charts to help you Keep interview progress charts to help you measure your job search progress.measure your job search progress.

Handling Rejection

Join (or create) a job search club or group.Join (or create) a job search club or group. Meet regularly for support and practice Meet regularly for support and practice

interviews.interviews. Discuss job search problems with family Discuss job search problems with family

and friends.and friends. Approach job seeking as a job. Work at Approach job seeking as a job. Work at

least six hours a day on your job search.least six hours a day on your job search. Keep a positive attitude. “Nothing ventured, Keep a positive attitude. “Nothing ventured,

nothing gained.”nothing gained.”

Handling Job Offers

If the job, location, and organization are If the job, location, and organization are right, accept the job immediately.right, accept the job immediately.

If you want to think about a job, ask for 24 If you want to think about a job, ask for 24 to 48 hours to allow for a decision. Set a to 48 hours to allow for a decision. Set a time when you will respond with your time when you will respond with your decision.decision.

If you decline a job offer, do so If you decline a job offer, do so professionally. Never cite personal reasons.professionally. Never cite personal reasons.

Follow up a declined job offer with a Follow up a declined job offer with a thank-you letter.thank-you letter.

Starting off Right in a New Job

Show a positive attitude and project a Show a positive attitude and project a positive, competent image.positive, competent image.

Be on time for work. Follow rules and be Be on time for work. Follow rules and be dependable.dependable.

Accept constructive criticism and show Accept constructive criticism and show appreciation for support and feedback.appreciation for support and feedback.

Show initiative. Exceed your employer’s Show initiative. Exceed your employer’s expectations.expectations.

Starting off Right in a New Job

Try to solve problems before asking for Try to solve problems before asking for help. Admit mistakes and learn from help. Admit mistakes and learn from them.them.

Be a team player and be willing to help. Be a team player and be willing to help. Treat others with respect and courtesy.Treat others with respect and courtesy.

Avoid gossip and negativity.Avoid gossip and negativity. Volunteer for projects and committees if Volunteer for projects and committees if

your work is completed.your work is completed. Don’t try to change things right away. Don’t try to change things right away.

Focus on listening and learning.Focus on listening and learning.

Warning Signs of Job Termination

You hate your job and spend more time You hate your job and spend more time thinking about what you will do after work.thinking about what you will do after work.

You lose your influence. Your ideas and You lose your influence. Your ideas and opinions are not heard/respected.opinions are not heard/respected.

You begin to hear of layoffs due to a You begin to hear of layoffs due to a recession or takeover.recession or takeover.

You’re not productive, miss objectives, or You’re not productive, miss objectives, or confuse priorities.confuse priorities.

You fail to adapt and learn new skills and You fail to adapt and learn new skills and practices.practices.

When You Leave a Job

Finding another job is easier while you still Finding another job is easier while you still have one, but never use company time to have one, but never use company time to conduct a job search. (Use lunch breaks, conduct a job search. (Use lunch breaks, evenings, and weekends).evenings, and weekends).

Give two weeks’ notice.Give two weeks’ notice. Never burn your bridges.Never burn your bridges. Be aware of unemployment laws and Be aware of unemployment laws and

benefits.benefits. Ask for a reference if it is positive.Ask for a reference if it is positive.

If You Are Terminated Have a calm conversation with your supervisor and Have a calm conversation with your supervisor and

clarify the reasons.clarify the reasons. Do not make things worse by being aggressive or Do not make things worse by being aggressive or

emotional.emotional. Don’t focus on unfair treatment. Don’t focus on unfair treatment. Analyze objectively what you learned from the Analyze objectively what you learned from the

experience.experience. Reestablish and rebuild your support network.Reestablish and rebuild your support network. Review and update your job search materials.Review and update your job search materials. Use the term “laid off” rather than “fired” when Use the term “laid off” rather than “fired” when

asked about past experience.asked about past experience. Remember that many people who have lost their jobs Remember that many people who have lost their jobs

in the past have gone on to enjoy successful careers. in the past have gone on to enjoy successful careers.

Making a Successful Job/Career Change

Continue your education and stay on the cutting Continue your education and stay on the cutting edge.edge.

Before changing, determine if your discontent is Before changing, determine if your discontent is based on the position or the career.based on the position or the career.

Avoid quitting until you have secured another Avoid quitting until you have secured another job.job.

Always resign professionally and courteously.Always resign professionally and courteously. When relocating, consider the impact on loved When relocating, consider the impact on loved

ones, values/interests, costs, career goals.ones, values/interests, costs, career goals. Research a new community thoroughly before Research a new community thoroughly before

moving and build a support network immediately moving and build a support network immediately on arriving.on arriving.

Key Terms

Functional resumeFunctional resume Hybrid/combination Hybrid/combination

resumeresume ReferenceReference InterviewInterview

DemographicsDemographics GlobalizationGlobalization Job-seeking skillsJob-seeking skills NetworkingNetworking ResumeResume Chronological resumeChronological resume