Human Physiology Lesson 16 Muscles Bones and Movement

Specification

• Function of the skeleton• Key bones in the body and vertebral column• Structure of bone• Function and structure of a synovial joint• Extensor and flexor muscles• Physical injuries• Degenerative diseases• Chiropractor, osteopath, orthopaedic surgeon• Surgery• Back Problems

Skeleton

• Why do we have a skeleton?

• 13 % of total mass• 206 bones in an adult

Skeleton

Skeleton

Muscles

• What purpose do they have?

MUSCLES

Major muscle groups

Antagonistic Pairs

• The Flexor• The Extensor

Muscle Pairings

• Muscles that move a joint work in ……………… pairs.

• A good example of this is in the arm. When bending the arm, the ………… muscle contracts whilst the …………… muscle relaxes.

• When straightening the arm, the opposite occurs.

Make your own simplified diagram of the arm both bending and straightening- name the agonist and antagonist muscles in each case.

What is a joint?

Diagram of the joint

• Cartilage – acts a shock absorber

• Synovial Fluid – allows joints to move smoothly

• Tendon – joins muscle to bone

• Ligament – join bone to bone

LIGAMENT, BONE, CARTILAGE, CAPSULE, SYNOVIAL FLUID, SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE, TENDONS, MUSCLES.

DRAW AND LABEL THE JOINT- SAY WHAT EACH PART DOES

Synovial Joint

• Ligament

• Synovial Membrane

• Synovial Fluid

• Cartilage

The Back

• The Vertebral Column Structure

Posture

• 7• 12• 5• 5• 4

FUNCTION

BONES

• What is the structure of a bone?

– Vitamin D– Calcium– Cartilage

BONES

• What is the structure of a bone?

Injuries

• What injuries are associated with bones, muscles and joints?

Injuries

• Sports Injuries– Sprains– Strains

• Posture – 5 million working days lost a year

• Degenerative diseases– Osteoarthritis– Osteoporosis

Solutions

• Physiotherapist

• Chiropractor/Osteopath

• Surgeons– Key Hole– Replacement- metal and plastic

Quick Questions