human impact on the biosphere chapter 6-4 charting a course for the future
TRANSCRIPT
HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE
Chapter 6-4
Charting a course for the Future
http://www.claybennett.com/pages2/mistletoe.html
HUMAN ACTIVITIESHumans participate in
__________ & ____________________
We depend on ecosystems for a variety of _____________________________
Food webs Biogeochemical cycles
http://www.brevardcounty.us/mrrp/images/misc/boat_cartoon.jpg
“ GOODS and SERVICES”
“GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Solar energy
Oxygen production
Nutrient storage and recycling
Climate regulation
For image sources: see last slide
____________________
____________________
____________________
___________________
“GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems
Food production
Habitats for wildlife
Human and industrial wastedetoxification
Images from:
Natural pest / disease control
____________________
____________________
____________________
“GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems
Source of new medicines
Soil erosion /runoff management
Air and water purification
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
The sum total of all the variety of organisms in the biosphere = _____________
REMEMBER!
Everything is connected.
BIODIVERSITY is a measure
of the health of an ecosystem.
BIODIVERSITY
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall ©2006
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
ACID RAIN
http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg
OZONE DEPLETION
DEAD ZONES
GLOBAL WARMING
DEAD ZONES
When an ecosystem receives a LARGE inputof limiting nutrient (ie., fertilizer runoff) thepopulation increases dramatically = ___________
REMEMBER !
ALGAL BLOOM
Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone
http://www.ncat.org/nutrients/hypoxia/hypoxia.html
The DEADZONE forms each April, generally grows throughout the summer, reaching a peak in late July.
Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone
At its peak, the nearly lifeless water can span 5,000 to 8,000-plus square miles, an area almost the size of New Jersey
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/deadzone/index.html
DEAD ZONESHow do we HELP?
Use modern technology and “green” farming methods to:
•Decrease agricultural fertilizer use
• Decrease runoff of agricultural waste
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
ACID RAIN
http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg
GLOBAL WARMING
DEAD ZONES
OZONE DEPLETION
Our atmosphere between
20-50 km contains
high concentrations
of ____________
which protect us from
the sun’s harmful
______________ radiation.
OZONE LAYER
ultra-violet
http://pubweb.bnl.gov/users/xujun/www/bnl/ozone_layer_1.gif
OZONE (O3)
http://www.planetguide.net/book/chapter_5/ozone_layer.html
EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION
Click here to see a movie about the effects of UV radiation
WMV, 618K
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Skin cancer
Cataracts/blindness
Premature aging of skin
Reduced crop yield
Disruptions in the marine food chain
WHAT WE KNOW
Scientists have been
monitoring the ____________
of ozone in our atmosphere
and have discovered
a hole in the ozone layer
over ____________.
depletion
Antarctica
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html
Click here to see a movie about the ozone hole
WMV, 616K
The annual ozone "hole“ over Antarctica hasoccurred during the Antarctic Spring (October)since the early 1980s.
Rather than being an actual hole through the layer, the ozone hole is a large area with extremely low amounts of ozone. Ozone levels fall by over 60% during the worst years.
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html
Ozone depletion is a global issue NOTjust a problem at the South Pole.
Research has shown that ozone depletionalso occurs over North America, Europe,Asia, and much of Africa, Australia, andSouth America.
Over the U.S., ozone levels have fallen 5-10%, depending on the season.
http://home.casema.nl/daveduijn/globe2.gif
What’s the cause of Ozone Depletion?
Chlorofluorocarbon
molecules _______
released from
air conditioners,
aerosol spray cans,
fire extinguishers,
and industry
________________destroy ozone
http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part3.html
(CFC’s)
HOW DO WE HELP?
1987- the _______________________ committed signing nations (including USA) to a ____________ in the use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.
CFC production was banned after 1995 in the developed countries, and later in developing countries. Today, over 180 countries have ratified the treaty.
OZONE DEPLETION
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
REDUCTION
_____________spray cans no longer contain CFC propellants.
Gases in ___________________and _____________ are collected and recycled.
THAT’S WHY . . .AEROSOL
AIR CONDITIONERS
http://www.roundrocktexas.gov/images/spray_cans_large.jpg
refrigerators
OZONE DEPLETIONHow do we help?
We can't make enough ozone to replace what's been destroyed, but provided that we stop producing ozone-depleting substances, computer models predict natural ozone production reactions should return the ozone layer to normal levels by about 2050.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
ACID RAIN
http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg
GLOBAL WARMING
DEAD ZONES
OZONE DEPLETION
Emissions to AtmosphereNitrogen oxidesSulfur dioxide
Chemical TransformationNitric acid
Sulfuric acid
PrecipitationAcid rain, fog,snow, and mist
Dry Fallout
Condensation
particulates, gases
Industry Transportation Ore smelting Power generation
Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain
What’s the cause?________________________BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
Releases _______________ and ________________ into the atmosphere that react with water toproduce ACID RAIN.
Sulfur oxidesNitrogen oxides
ACID RAIN EFFECTS• kills fish• reduces biodiversity• damages forests• causes illness & premature death
from heart & lung disorders like asthma and bronchitis
HOW DO WE HELP?Develop a National energy policy that emphasizes use of alternative renewable energy sources
Cut down on activities that use fossil fuelsconserve electricitydrive less
Drive automobiles with increased fuel efficiency OR run on alternative fuels
GLOBAL WARMING
Recycle (uses less energy than starting from scratch)
GREENHOUSE EFFECTTemperatures of Earth remain within a range
______________ because the _____________
acts as a natural _________________ blanket.
atmosphere
http://wwwstatic.bayareawritingproject.org/images/bawp41/earthAtmosphereIMG.gif
suitable for life
insulating
GREENHOUSE EFFECTAtmospheric gases such as
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
NORMALLY trap heat
energy from the sun
like a greenhouse
= _____________________
Carbon dioxide (CO2 )
http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg
Greenhouse effect
methane water vaporCFC’s
GLOBAL WARMING- Is it real?
Some people say that the Earth hascycles of warmer/cooler climate change and that this is just part of that cycle.
Most scientists believe that the increase inglobal temperatures is the result of humanactivities that have increased the amount ofCO2 and other greenhouse gases in theatmosphere
In 2007 in Paris, a U.N.- backed panel of international scientists issued a major announcement on climate change stating that:
1. "warming of the climate system
is unequivocal“2. There is a 90% probability the cause “man- made”.
Either way… our planet is getting warmer!
Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century.
The 20th century's ten warmest years have occurred in the last 15 years of this century.
FACTS WE KNOW
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/8/87/280px-Instrumental_Temperature_Record.png
The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased.
FACTS WE KNOW
Graph & glacier pix: http://nsidc.org/sotc/glacier_balance.html polar bears: http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=35720&in_page_id=34
FACTS WE KNOW
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have
increased steadily.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png
WHAT’S the CAUSE? • burning solid waste, fossil fuels
(oil, natural gas, and coal), wood and wood products
• production and transport of fossil fuels
•decomposition of organic wastes in landfills
• raising of livestock
GLOBAL WARMING
We’re freezing here in S.D.!
What’s so bad about warming up a little?
What’s so bad about warming up a little?
Coastal flooding
Cartoon from Brookings Register
http://healthandenergy.com/images/global2.gif
What’s so bad about warming up a little?
http://zfacts.com/metaPage/lib/Atlantic_conveyor.jpg
Changes in Gulf Stream
http://www.claybennett.com/pages/ocean_temps.html
What’s so bad about warming up a little?
More severe stormshttp://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2005/WEATHER/08/25/tropical.storm/story.katrina.915p.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina
What’s so bad about warming up a little?
Weather extremes
Brookings Register
http://www.cactus-art.biz/note-book/Dictionary/aaa_Dictionary_pictures/drought.jpg
Heat waves and drought
What’s so bad about warming up a little?
Changing habitats meansloss of species
http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=35720&in_page_id=34
What’s the Kyoto Accord got to do with it?
The Kyoto Accord is an agreement, aimed at
reducing global warming that asks participants
to __________ their ________________
emissions to a percentage of their 1990
emission levels _____________.
REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS
by 2012
PROBLEMS WITH the KYOTO ACCORD
(The US has not ratified this agreement)
In 1998-Clinton administration signs the Kyoto Accord committing the United States to a 7% reduction in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 emissions levels, to be achieved between the years 2008 and 2012.
2001- Bush administration withdrew the U.S. signature, claiming that the treaty was "fatally flawed".
160 nations have now agreed (not US)
PROBLEMS WITH the KYOTO ACCORD
ALL countries not required to reduce emissions equally7% for the US, 6% for Japan, 0% for Russia,
Developing nations don’t have to reduce emissions at allIndia and China, which have ratified the protocol, are not required to reduce carbon emissions under the present agreement despite their relatively large populations.
Developed nations (like USA) can meet required reductions bypurchasing emission reductions from elsewhere and fundingdeveloping countries for climate related studies, projects, andtechnology
Even if we don’t ratify the Kyoto agreement . . we can still work to reduce our emissions of global warming gases!
BECAUSE THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!
THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!
http://www.inkcinct.com.au/Web/CARTOONS/2005/2005-379C--last-fossil-fuel.gif
THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!
http://healthandenergy.com/global_warming_cartoons.htm
THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!
Brookings Register
THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!
Brookings Register
HOW DO WE HELP?
Cut down on CO2 emissions (with or without the Kyoto accord)
Develop a National energy policy that emphasizes use of alternative renewable energy sources
Cut down on activities that use fossil fuelsconserve electricitydrive less
Drive automobiles with increased fuel efficiency OR run on alternative fuels
GLOBAL WARMING
Recycle (uses less energy than starting from scratch)
Reduce deforestation (plants use CO2)
QUOTES
This we know... the earth does not belong to man,man belongs to earth. All things are connected,like the blood which connects one family.
Whatever befalls the earth befalls the children ofthe earth. Man did not weave the web of life –he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does tothe web, he does to himself.
~ Chief Seattle, 1854
QUOTESIf you want to see an endangered species, get
up and look in the mirror.~ John Young, former Apollo
astronaut
A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers,but borrowed from his children.
~ John James Audubon, 1785 - 1851
It's not easy being green.~ Kermit the Frog
WE NEED TO START CONSIDERING THE EFFECTS ON OUR PLANET WHEN WE MAKE DECISIONS!
http://www.claybennett.com/pages/earth_d5.html
SOURCES
http://www.romanviii.co.uk/bp/nhpage.asp?pcat=about_us
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm
http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17
http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/02/06/images/2006020601090301.jpg
SOURCES
http://www.oldetimecooking.com/Images/Fruits/Apple.jpg
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/classifyall/eukaryotic.html
http://dustconnection.com/images/stories/cleaning_bucket_sm.jpg
POWER POINT BY K. RIEDELL
• ADAPTED FOR MISSISSIPPI STATE SCIENCE FRAMEWORK