human geography of canada developing a vast wilderness three major groups in canada—the native...
TRANSCRIPT
Human Geography of Canada
Developing a Vast Wilderness
Three major groups in Canada—the native peoples, the French, and the English—have melded into a diverse and economically strong nation.
Canadian fur trapper.
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SECTION 1 History and Government of Canada
SECTION 2 Economy and Culture of Canada
Human Geography of Canada
Developing a Vast Wilderness
SECTION 3 Subregions of Canada
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Unit Atlas: PoliticalUnit Atlas: Physical
Section 1
History and Government of Canada• French and British settlement greatly
influenced Canada’s political development.
• Canada’s size and climate affected economic growth and population distribution.
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continued The First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry
Colonization by France and Britain• French explorers claim much of Canada in 1500–
1600s as “New France”• British settlers colonize the Atlantic Coast• Coastal fisheries and inland fur trade important to
both countries• Britain wins French and Indian War (1754–1763);
French settlers stay
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Steps Toward Unity
Establishing the Dominion of Canada• In 1791 Britain creates two political units called
provinces - Upper Canada (later, Ontario): English-speaking,
Protestant - Lower Canada (Quebec): French-speaking,
Roman Catholic • Rupert’s Land a northern area owned by fur-trading
company• Immigrants arrive, cities develop: Quebec City,
Montreal, Toronto - railways, canals are built as explorers seek
better fur-trading areas
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Establishing the Dominion of Canada• Political, ethnic disputes lead to Britain’s 1867 North
America Act- creates Dominion of Canada as a loose
confederation (political union)- Upper Canada (Ontario), Lower Canada (Quebec), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick - self-governed part of British Empire
• Expansion includes: - Rupert’s Land, Manitoba, British Columbia,
Prince Edward Island - later: Yukon Territory, Alberta, Saskatchewan - Newfoundland in 1949
continued Steps Toward Unity
Map
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Continental Expansion and Development
From the Atlantic to the Pacific• In 1885 a transcontinental railroad goes from
Montreal to Vancouver• European immigrants arrive and Yukon gold brings
fortune hunters- copper, zinc, silver also found; grow towns,
railroads
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Urban and Industrial Growth• Farming gives way to urban industrialization,
manufacturing - within 100 miles of U.S. border due to milder
climate, fertile soil, and availability of the railway system
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Governing Canada
The Parliamentary System• In 1931 Canada becomes independent, British
monarch is symbolic head• Parliamentary government:
- parliament —legislature combining legislativeand executive functions
- prime minister, seen as the head of government, is the majority party leader - consists of an appointed Senate, elected
House of Commons • All ten provinces have own legislature and premier
(prime minister)- federal government administers the territories
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Section 2
Economy and Culture of Canada• Canada is highly industrialized and
urbanized, with one of the world’s most developed economies.
• Canadians are a diverse people.
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Service Industries Drive the Economy• Most Canadians work in service industries, which
create 60% of GDP. Manufacturing accounts for 15%- Agriculture is a very small percentage of the GDP as a result of only 5% of the land being arable (suitable for farming)
• Heavy trade with U.S.: same language, open border (world’s longest)- 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) with U.S., Mexico - 85% of Canadian exports go to U.S.- 75% of Canada’s imports come from U.S.
continued An Increasingly Diverse Economy
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A Land of Many Cultures
Languages and Religions• Original settlers are known as the Inuit and the First
Nations• Mixing of French and native peoples created métis
culture• Bilingual: English is most common, except in
French-speaking Quebec• English Protestants and French Catholics dominate,
but often clash- increasing numbers of Muslims, Jews, other
groups
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Canada’s Population• Densest in port cities (Montreal, Toronto,
Vancouver) and farmlands• Environment keeps 80% of people on 10% of land
(near U.S. border)• Urbanization: in 1900 33% of people lived in cities,
today it’s 80%• Various ethnic groups cluster in certain areas
- 75% of French Canadians live in Quebec - many native peoples live on reserves—public
land set aside for them - most Inuits live in the remote Arctic north - many Canadians of Asian ancestry live on
West Coast
continued A Land of Many Cultures
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Section 3
Subregions of Canada• Canada is divided into four subregions: the
Atlantic, Core, and Prairie Provinces, and the Pacific Province and the Territories.
• Each subregion possesses unique natural resources, landforms, economic activities, and cultural life.
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The Atlantic Provinces
Harsh Lands and Small Populations• Eastern Canada’s Atlantic Provinces:
- Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, NovaScotia, Newfoundland
• Only 8% of Canada’s population, due to rugged terrain, harsh weather
• Most people live off of the fishing and logging in the region
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Economic Activities• New Brunswick’s largest industry: logging (lumber,
wood pulp, paper)• Gulf of St. Lawrence, coastal waters supply seafood
for export• Nova Scotia: logging, fishing, shipbuilding, trade
through Halifax• Newfoundland: fishing, mining, logging, hydro-
electric power- supplies power to Quebec, parts of northeastern
U.S.
continued The Atlantic Provinces
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The Core Provinces— Quebec and Ontario
The Heartland of Canada• Quebec City: French explorer Samuel de
Champlain built fort in 1608• 60% Canada’s population live in Core Provinces
Ontario and Quebec- Ontario has largest population; Quebec has
largest land area
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The Prairie Provinces
Canada’s Breadbasket• Great Plains Prairie Provinces: Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Alberta • Known as Canada’s breadbasket because 50% of
Canada’s agricultural production- 60% of mineral output- Alberta has coal, oil deposits; produces 90%
of Canada’s natural gas
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continued The Prairie Provinces
A Cultural Mix • Manitoba: Scots-Irish, Germans, Scandinavians,
Ukrainians, Poles• Saskatchewan’s population includes Asian
immigrants, métis• Alberta’s diversity includes Indian, Japanese,
Lebanese, Vietnamese
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The Pacific Province and the Territories
British Columbia• British Columbia —westernmost province, mostly
in Rocky Mountains- 1/2 is forests; 1/3 is frozen tundra, snowfields,
glaciers • Most people live in southwest; major cities are
Victoria, Vancouver• Economy built on logging, mining, hydroelectric
power- Vancouver is Canada’s largest port, has
prosperous shipping trade
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continued The Pacific Province and the Territories
The Territories• The three northern territories account for 41% of
Canada’s land• Sparsely populated due to rugged land and severe
climate - Yukon has population of 30,000; mostly
wilderness - Northwest Territories has population of 41,000;
extends into Arctic - Nunavut was created from Northwest Territories
in 1999; home to Inuit • Territories’ economies include mining, fishing, some
logging
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