human exploration and development of space nasa and north carolina: building stronger partnerships...
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Human Exploration And Development of Space
NASA and North Carolina: Building
Stronger Partnerships
April 24, 2002
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When the History of the First Quarter of the 21st Century is Written…
• We have sought life’s abodes: NASA missions have mapped continents on dozens of planets circling nearby stars, some of which show signs of life-supporting atmospheres. Evidence continues to mount for the existence of life on planets within our own Solar System, as revealed by advanced generations of robotic explorers. Humans and their robotic partners assembled complex science facilities in space to unveil even more challenging cosmic questions.
• We have enabled new commerce: Low Earth Orbit has become a rapid-growth economic zone, with commercial industries taking advantage of low-gravity, abundant solar energy, low-cost access from the Earth’s surface, and a vista that encompasses the entire planet.
• We share the vision and the experience: Throughout the world, students in earthbound classrooms are learning the fundamentals of physics, math, and technology as they actively participate with space travelers via “telepresence technology.”
And we continue to prepare the way for humanity’s greatest adventures.
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NASA’s Vision
To improve life here,To extend life to there,
To find life beyond.
To understand and protect our home planet
To explore the Universe and search for life
To inspire the next generation of explorers
…as only NASA can.
NASA’s Mission
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To Explore the Universe and Search for Life
• Exploring the Universe and the life within it… enabled by technology, first with robotic trailblazers, and eventually humans… as driven by these compelling scientific questions:
• How did we get here?
• Where are we going?
• Are we alone?
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• History of major Solar System events
• Effects of deep space on cells
• Impact of human and natural events upon Earth
• Origin of life in the Solar System
• Planetary sample analysis: absolute age determination
“calibrating the clocks”
• Measurement of genomic responses to radiation
• Measurement of Earth’s vital signs
“taking the pulse”
• Detection of bio-markers and hospitable environments
• Moon• Mars• Asteroids• Venus
• Beyond Van Allen belts
• Earth orbits
• Libration points
• Mars• Europa• Titan• Cometary
nuclei• Libration
points
• How did the Solar System
evolve?
• How do humans adapt to space?
• What is Earth’s sustainability and habitability?
• Is there Life beyond the planet of origin? • Origin of
life in the Universe
Science Drivers Determine Destinations(Selected Examples)
VisionExp
lora
tion
of
Lif
e in
th
e
Un
ivers
e
Pursuits Activities
Science Questio
ns
Destinations
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Sustainable Planetary Presence
Go anywhere, anytime… not destination driven
Earth and Low Earth Orbit
Earth’s Neighborhood
Accessible Planetary Surface
A Progressive Expansion
• Science-DrivenScience-Driven• Technology EnabledTechnology Enabled• Stepping StonesStepping Stones• Sequence: Robots, Sequence: Robots,
humans, new humans, new marketsmarkets
• Leveraging Leveraging PartnershipsPartnerships
72010+ 2020+ 2030+Now
Progressive Exploration CapabilitiesProgressive Exploration Capabilities
Sustainable Planetary Surface
Capability
Accessible Planetary Surface
Capability• In-space propulsion, In-space propulsion,
Isp>1000 sec, high Isp>1000 sec, high thrustthrust
• Power systems, >200 Power systems, >200 w/kg w/kg
• Integrated Human/ Integrated Human/ robotic capabilitiesrobotic capabilities
• Crew Crew countermeasures countermeasures for 100 days for 100 days
• Closure of water/air Closure of water/air systems systems
• Materials, factor of 9Materials, factor of 9• IVHM - Integrated IVHM - Integrated
Vehicle Health Vehicle Health MonitoringMonitoring
• Current launch Current launch systemssystems
• In-space propulsion, In-space propulsion, Isp>3000 sec, high Isp>3000 sec, high thrustthrust
• Power systems, Power systems, >500 w/kg>500 w/kg
• Robotic Robotic aggregation/assemblyaggregation/assembly
• Crew Crew countermeasures for countermeasures for 1-3 years1-3 years
• Complete closure of Complete closure of air/water; options for air/water; options for foodfood
• Materials, factor of 20Materials, factor of 20• Micro-/Nano- avionicsMicro-/Nano- avionics• ETO @ ~$2000/kg ETO @ ~$2000/kg
Payload: 40 to 80mtPayload: 40 to 80mt
• In-space propulsion, In-space propulsion, Isp>3000 sec, high Isp>3000 sec, high thrustthrust
• Sustainable power Sustainable power systems systems
• Intelligent systems, Intelligent systems, orbital and planetary orbital and planetary
• Crew countermeasures Crew countermeasures for indefinite durationfor indefinite duration
• Closure of life support, Closure of life support, including foodincluding food
• ISRU for consumables ISRU for consumables & spares& spares
• Materials, factor of 40Materials, factor of 40• Automated reasoning Automated reasoning
and smart sensingand smart sensing• ETO @ <$2000/kg ETO @ <$2000/kg
Payload: 40 to 80mtPayload: 40 to 80mt
Earth’s Neighborh
ood Capability
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Current Concepts & Technologies
New Concepts
New Technologies
New Concepts Using New Technologies
Revolutionary Concepts
Using Breakthroug
h Technologies
NewConcepts and
Current Technologies
Current Current Concepts Concepts and New and New
TechnologieTechnologiess
Technology Approach
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The Criteria
• Compelling science objectives and benefits
• Knowledge about destinations
• Reliable and affordable mission concepts
• Acceptable technology readiness achieved
• Validation of capabilities for deep space missions
• Identified opportunities for partnership/leadership
• Inspiring and engaging to students and the public
What must we know to
make informed decisions?
Enabling the Strategy
The Hurdles
• Space Transportation– Safe, fast, and efficient
• Affordable, Abundant Power– Solar and nuclear
• Crew Health and Safety– Countermeasures and
medical autonomy• Optimized Robotic and
Human Operations– Dramatically higher
productivity; on-site intelligence
• Space Systems Performance– Advanced materials, low-
mass, self-healing, self-assembly, self-sufficiency…
Mass
Savin
gs
Norm
aliz
ed
to IS
S
Mass
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Today Technology
Advanced Avionics (7%)
Maintenance & Spares (18%)
Advanced Materials (17%)
Closed life Support (34%)
Nuclear Propulsion (45%)Aerobraking (42%)
The Value of Technology Investments Crewed Mars Mission Example
Estimated ISS Completed Mass: 470 mt
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Work Breakdown StructureWork Breakdown Structure
Exploration Exploration TechnologyTechnology
1.01.0Systems Systems
Integration, Integration, Analysis, Concepts, Analysis, Concepts,
ModelingModeling
2.02.0Enabling Advanced Enabling Advanced
Research and Research and TechnologyTechnology
3.03.0Technology Flight Technology Flight DemonstrationsDemonstrations
2.12.1Space Space
Resources Resources DevelopmeDevelopme
ntnt
2.22.2Space Space
Utilities and Utilities and PowerPower
2.32.3Habitation Habitation and Bio-and Bio-
astronauticsastronautics
2.42.4Space Space
Assembly, Assembly, Inspection & Inspection & MaintenancMaintenanc
ee
2.52.5Exploration Exploration
and and ExpeditionsExpeditions
2.62.6SpaceSpaceTrans-Trans-
portationportation
2.72.7In-Space In-Space
Instruments Instruments and Sensorsand Sensors
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Areas for Investment Attention
Solar Power (High Power)
Space Assembly, Maintenance & Servicing (Robotic, EVA)
Cryogenic Propellant Depots
Biological Risk (Radiation)
Aero- Assist/Entry and Landing
Electric/Electromagnetic* Propulsion (High Power)
Adaptation and Countermeasures (Gravity)
Communications and Control
Human Factors and Habitability
Regenerative Life Support Systems
Surface Science & Mobility
Materials and Structures (Manufacturing Validation)
Space Medicine and Health Care
Earth-to-Orbit Transportation
In-Space Chemical Propulsion
Nuclear Propulsion
Advanced Habitation Systems
Nuclear Power
In Situ Resource Utilization
In Situ Manufacturing
Flying Systems
“Earth Neighborhood” Mission Driven
Accessible Planetary Mission Driven
Sustained Planetary Presence Driven
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“As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it.” A. de Saint-Exupery
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