human development report 2010 and turkey

Ulusların Gerçek Zenginliği: İnsani Gelişmenin Yolları

İnsani Gelişme Raporu 201020’nci Yıldönümü Baskısı

Tanıtım Etkinliği

5 Mayıs 2011, Istanbul Üniversitesi

/undpturkiye /undpturkiye

The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development

Human Development Report 201020th Anniversary Edition

Shahid NajamUN Resident Coordinator and

UNDP Resident Representative in Turkey

5 May 2011, Istanbul

Human Development:Sequence of Presentation

• Human Development in the 21st Century

• HD Concept

• Pushing the frontiers of measurement and New HDI

• Turkey’s Human Development

• Achievements of Turkey in 30 years,

• Other new indices introduced this year

• Message of the report

Human Development:The 21st Century

• Challenges of the 21st Century in terms of the MDG’S

•Pursuing Human Development approach

•New vulnerabilities requiring innovative public policies

•Mimicking the past achievements not sufficient

•Resisting general prescriptions

•Contemporary challenges

Affirming human development: 20 years on

“People are the real wealth of a nation and human development is a process of enlarging people’s choices .” (1990)

“Human Development is the expansion of people’s freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advance other goals they have reason to value; and to engage actively in shaping development equitably and sustainably on a shared planet. People are both the beneficiaries and the drivers of human development, as individuals and in groups.” (2010)

The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development, HDRO-UNDP –2010

Calculation of HDI

Primary Data Sources•Life Expectancy at Birth•Expected years of Schooling•Mean Years of Schooling•Gross National Income Per Capita

HDRs: From past to the present



Innovative measures offer new insights

• Refined HDI

• HDI 2.0

• Three new indices–Inequality Adjusted HDI–Gender Inequality Index–Multidimensional Poverty Index

Economic Progress and Human Development

With a value of 0.679, Turkey is listed among countries in the high human development category, ranking 83rd out of 169 countries, according to the 2010 Human Development Index (HDI).

The rank puts Turkey behind all EU member states as well as EU candidate countries, and places it below the OECD average.


Turkey’s Progress 1980-2010

In 30 years,

• Turkey’s most impressive gains were made in Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, increasing by 112% between 1980 and 2010.

• Turkey’s life expectancy at birth increased by almost 12 years,

• Mean years of schooling increased by close to 4 years and expected years of schooling increased by almost 5 years.


Trends in HDI

• Turkey’s 2010 HDI of 0.679 is below the average of 0.717 for countries in Europe and Central Asia.

• It is also below the average of 0.717 for high human development countries.

• Turkey’s 2010 “HDI neighbours”, Serbia and Azerbaijan, rank 60th and 67th respectively.


The Inequality Adjusted HDI (IHDI)

• The IHDI equals the HDI when there is no inequality across people.

• It represents the actual level of human development.

• When inequality enters the equation, Turkey’s HDI value falls to 0.518, losing 24% of its original HDI rank.

• The loss for Bulgaria is only half that value with 11.3% while Romania also loses 12.1% of its initial HDI value, because of inequalities.


The Gender Inequality Index

• The new Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects women’s disadvantages in three dimensions – reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity

• In Turkey, 9% of parliamentary seats are held by women, and 27% of adult women have a secondary or higher level of education compared to 47% of their male counterparts.

• For every 100,000 live births, 44 women die from pregnancy related causes; and the adolescent fertility rate is 39 births per 1000 live births.

• Female participation in the labour market is 27% compared to 75% for men.


The Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

• MPI identifies multiple deprivations in the same hhs in education, health and standard of living.

• Individuals living above the income poverty line may still suffer deprivations in education, health and other living conditions.

• In Turkey, multidimensional poverty headcount is 5% points higher than income poverty.

• Following Peru and Colombia, Turkey and Brazil have the highest MPI value among high human development countries


Turkey in the HDI

• With an increase in income of around 112%, Turkey’s has made noteworthy gains in economic growth;

• Need for more focus on health, education, raising the life expectancy at birth and mean years of adult education.


Beyond 2010: Looking ahead• The pathways to development are varied and specific to a country’s

historical, political and institutional conditions

• Future public policy orientation:

• Think of principles first (equity, poverty, inclusiveness, analysis etc.,)• Context specificity (state capacity, political constraints, institutions)• Global governance connectivity: ( numerous challenges: trade,

investment, migration, inclusion of LDCs in governance)

• Research

– A new economics of human development– Incorporate broader dimensions of HD


People are the Real Wealth of Nations

The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development

Thank you!

Shahid NajamUN Resident Coordinator and

UNDP Resident Representative in Turkey

/undpturkiye /undpturkiye

Ulusların Gerçek Zenginliği: İnsani Gelişmenin Yolları

İnsani Gelişme Raporu 201020’nci Yıldönümü Baskısı

Tanıtım Etkinliği

hdr.undp.org

5 Mayıs 2011, Istanbul Üniversitesi

human development report 2010 and turkey

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