Human Body Systems and Human Body Systems and DiseaseDisease

77thth Grade Science Grade ScienceStandard 7-3Standard 7-3

Organization of Living Organization of Living ThingsThings

The human body is divided into The human body is divided into specific levels of organization. specific levels of organization. These levels are what make the These levels are what make the human body a complex organism. human body a complex organism.

The levels of organization, from The levels of organization, from the simplest structure to the most the simplest structure to the most complex are: complex are: Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems,

organismorganism

Organization of Living Organization of Living ThingsThings

Cells make up tissuesTissues make up organsOrgans make up organ systemsOrgan Systems make up Organisms

Way To Remember = CTO3

C = cellsT = tissuesO = organsO = organ systemsO = organisms

CellsCells

Cells -Cells - The basic units of The basic units of structure and function within the structure and function within the human body. human body.

Ex. Nerve cells, blood cells, and Ex. Nerve cells, blood cells, and bone cells. bone cells.

TissuesTissues

Tissues Tissues - A group of specialized - A group of specialized cells that work together to perform cells that work together to perform the same function. the same function.

4 basic types of tissue in the human 4 basic types of tissue in the human body: body:

Nerve tissueNerve tissue—carries impulses —carries impulses back and forth to the brain from the back and forth to the brain from the bodybody

Muscle tissueMuscle tissue—contracts and —contracts and shortens, making body parts moveshortens, making body parts move

TissuesTissues

Epithelial tissueEpithelial tissue—covers the —covers the surfaces of the body, inside and surfaces of the body, inside and outsideoutside

Connective tissueConnective tissue—connects —connects all parts of the body and all parts of the body and provides support provides support

TissuesTissues

Blood, an example of a tissue, is composed of Blood, an example of a tissue, is composed of several types of cells, including red blood several types of cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma that function to transport materials from one that function to transport materials from one part of the body to another. part of the body to another.

OrgansOrgans

Organs - Organs - Are comprised of two Are comprised of two or more different types of tissues or more different types of tissues that function together to perform that function together to perform a specific function. a specific function.

Ex. The heart is made of muscle Ex. The heart is made of muscle and connective tissues which and connective tissues which function to pump blood function to pump blood throughout the body. throughout the body.

SystemsSystems

SystemsSystems - - A group of two or A group of two or more organs that work together more organs that work together to perform a specific function for to perform a specific function for the human body. the human body.

All of the different organ systems All of the different organ systems work together and depend on work together and depend on one another.one another.

SystemsSystems

ELEVEN ORGAN SYSTEMSELEVEN ORGAN SYSTEMS SkeletalSkeletal (Bones) (Bones) SomeSome Digestive Digestive (Stomach, Intestines)(Stomach, Intestines) DumbDumb MuscularMuscular (Muscles)(Muscles) ManMan NervousNervous (Brain, Spinal cord)(Brain, Spinal cord)

NamedNamed CirculatoryCirculatory (Heart, Blood vessels)(Heart, Blood vessels) CletusCletus Excretory Excretory (urinary)(Kidney)(urinary)(Kidney) EatsEats RespiratoryRespiratory (Lungs)(Lungs) RawRaw EndocrineEndocrine (Glands)(Glands) EggsEggs IntegumentaryIntegumentary (Skin)(Skin) InsideInside ImmuneImmune (lymph nodes)(lymph nodes) IckyIcky ReproductiveReproductive (ovaries, testes)(ovaries, testes)

RestroomsRestrooms

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

The The circulatory systemcirculatory system - - transports nutrients, gases (for transports nutrients, gases (for example oxygen and carbon example oxygen and carbon dioxide), hormones, and wastes dioxide), hormones, and wastes through the body.through the body.

HeartHeart – causes blood to flow – causes blood to flow through thethrough the body by its pumping body by its pumping action action

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

Blood vesselsBlood vessels – tubes that carry – tubes that carry blood throughout the bodyblood throughout the body

Types of Blood Vessels: Arteries, Types of Blood Vessels: Arteries, Capillaries and VeinsCapillaries and Veins

Types of blood vesselsTypes of blood vessels

ArteriesArteries – carry – carry oxygenated blood away oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cellsfrom the heart to the cells

CapillariesCapillaries - connect - connect arteries to veins arteries to veins

VeinsVeins – carry – carry deoxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood from the cells back to the heartthe cells back to the heart

OxygenatedOxygenated & & DeoxygenatedDeoxygenated

The body cells need oxygen to function. The body cells need oxygen to function. Taking in oxygen and transporting it to Taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells are the jobs of the respiratory and cells are the jobs of the respiratory and circulatory systems. circulatory systems.

Oxygenated bloodOxygenated blood – is high in oxygen, is – is high in oxygen, is redred on charts and in your body, and is on charts and in your body, and is usually carried by arteriesusually carried by arteries

Deoxygenated bloodDeoxygenated blood – is low in oxygen, – is low in oxygen, blueblue on charts, on charts, dark reddark red in your body, in your body, and is usually carried by veinsand is usually carried by veins

Circulatory ConnectionsCirculatory Connections

The circulatory and digestive The circulatory and digestive systems work together to ensure systems work together to ensure that nutrients made available by that nutrients made available by digestion get to the cells of the digestion get to the cells of the body.body.

Parts of BloodParts of Blood

Plasma Plasma – liquid part of blood – liquid part of blood (mostly water) with dissolved (mostly water) with dissolved minerals, nutrients and oxygen minerals, nutrients and oxygen carried to cells carried to cells

Red blood cellsRed blood cells – disc shaped – disc shaped cells that contain hemoglobin – a cells that contain hemoglobin – a molecule that carries oxygen and molecule that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide, made of an iron carbon dioxide, made of an iron compound that gives blood its red compound that gives blood its red colorcolor

Parts of BloodParts of Blood

White blood cells – White blood cells – large cells large cells that fightthat fight bacteria, viruses and bacteria, viruses and other invaders of your bodyother invaders of your body

PlateletsPlatelets – irregularly shaped – irregularly shaped cell fragments that help clot cell fragments that help clot bloodblood

The HeartThe Heart

The heart pumps the blood from The heart pumps the blood from the heart to the lungs back to the heart to the lungs back to the heart then all over the body. the heart then all over the body. View atView at http://www.fda.gov/hearthealth/flash/fda_03.htmlhttp://www.fda.gov/hearthealth/flash/fda_03.html

Parts of the HeartParts of the Heart

Parts of the HeartParts of the Heart

AtriaAtria – collecting chambers – collecting chambers VentriclesVentricles – pumping chambers – pumping chambers

The heart at work: The heart at work:

http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.hhttp://library.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.htmltml

Digestive SystemDigestive System

Digestive Digestive System-System- Breaks Breaks down and down and absorbs nutrients absorbs nutrients that are that are necessary for necessary for growth and growth and maintenance. maintenance.

Parts of the Digestive Parts of the Digestive SystemSystem

MouthMouth – Begins to break down – Begins to break down food into smaller pieces through food into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion; saliva in mechanical digestion; saliva in the mouth starts the process of the mouth starts the process of chemical digestion chemical digestion

EsophagusEsophagus – The transport tube – The transport tube that carries chewed food to the that carries chewed food to the stomachstomach

Parts of the Digestive Parts of the Digestive SystemSystem

StomachStomach – Continues the – Continues the process of mechanical process of mechanical digestion; secretes enzymes digestion; secretes enzymes that perform some chemical that perform some chemical digestiondigestion

Small IntestineSmall Intestine – Where – Where most of the chemical most of the chemical digestion takes place; digestion takes place; nutrients from food are also nutrients from food are also absorbed through the small absorbed through the small intestinesintestines

Parts of the Digestive Parts of the Digestive SystemSystem

Large IntestineLarge Intestine - The organ - The organ where water is absorbed from the where water is absorbed from the food and taken into the food and taken into the bloodstream; prepares the bloodstream; prepares the remaining food material for remaining food material for elimination from the bodyelimination from the body

RectumRectum - a short tube that stores - a short tube that stores solid waste until it is eliminated solid waste until it is eliminated from the body through the from the body through the anus.anus.

Parts of the Digestive Parts of the Digestive SystemSystem

Ancillary (extra) organs of the digestive system: Ancillary (extra) organs of the digestive system: Liver - Liver - produces bile which is used by the body produces bile which is used by the body

to break up fat particles.to break up fat particles. Pancreas - Pancreas - produces enzymes that help break produces enzymes that help break

down starches, proteins, and fats in the small down starches, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.intestine.

Gall Bladder -Gall Bladder - stores bile produced by the liver. stores bile produced by the liver.

Digestive System Digestive System Connections to Other Connections to Other

SystemsSystems The circulatory and The circulatory and

digestive systems work digestive systems work together to ensure that together to ensure that nutrients made available nutrients made available by digestion get to the by digestion get to the cells of the body.cells of the body.

The digestive and The digestive and excretory systems work excretory systems work together to take in together to take in materials your body needs materials your body needs and gets rid of wastes. and gets rid of wastes.

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System - provides - provides gas exchange between the blood gas exchange between the blood and the environment.  and the environment. 

Primarily, oxygen is absorbed Primarily, oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into the from the atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide is body and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body.expelled from the body.

Parts of the Respiratory Parts of the Respiratory SystemSystem

NoseNose – Collects – Collects air from the air from the environment and environment and moistens and moistens and heats the air heats the air before it enters before it enters the Tracheathe Trachea

TracheaTrachea – the – the windpipe; moves windpipe; moves air from the nose air from the nose to the lungs to the lungs

Parts of the Respiratory Parts of the Respiratory SystemSystem

BronchiBronchi – Tubes that move air – Tubes that move air from the trachea to the lungs; from the trachea to the lungs; one bronchus leads to each lung; one bronchus leads to each lung; part of each bronchus is outside the part of each bronchus is outside the

lung and part is insidelung and part is inside

What do you think “bronchitis” What do you think “bronchitis” is?is?

Parts of the Respiratory Parts of the Respiratory SystemSystem

LungsLungs –organs that bring in –organs that bring in oxygenoxygen

RespirationRespiration – the exchange of – the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide within oxygen for carbon dioxide within the lungsthe lungs

AlveoliAlveoli – tiny air sacs that make – tiny air sacs that make up the lungsup the lungs

Parts of the Respiratory Parts of the Respiratory SystemSystem

DiaphragmDiaphragm – the dome shaped – the dome shaped muscle that aides in the muscle that aides in the breathing processbreathing process

Excretory (Urinary) Excretory (Urinary) SystemSystem

Excretory SystemExcretory System- filters out - filters out cellular wastes, toxins and cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system. the circulatory system. 

There are many excretory There are many excretory structures: skin (sweat), lungs structures: skin (sweat), lungs (water vapor), but the main (water vapor), but the main structure is the kidney (urine).structure is the kidney (urine).

Parts of the Excretory Parts of the Excretory (Urinary) System(Urinary) System

KidneysKidneys - Get - Get rid of urea, rid of urea, excess water, excess water, and some other and some other waste materials waste materials which are which are eliminated in eliminated in urineurine

Parts of the Excretory Parts of the Excretory (Urinary) System(Urinary) System

UretersUreters - Tubes which - Tubes which connect each kidney to the connect each kidney to the bladderbladder

BladderBladder - A saclike muscular - A saclike muscular organ which stores urine until organ which stores urine until it is released from the bodyit is released from the body

UrethraUrethra - Tube through - Tube through which urine passes before which urine passes before it is removed from the it is removed from the body.body.

Nervous SystemNervous System

Nervous Nervous SystemSystem- - Relays Relays electrical signals electrical signals through the body through the body and directs and directs behavior and behavior and movement. movement.

Nervous System Nervous System ConnectionsConnections

Along with the endocrine system, Along with the endocrine system, the nervous system also controls the nervous system also controls physiological processes, for physiological processes, for example digestion, circulation, or example digestion, circulation, or movement. movement. 

BrainBrain

BrainBrain - - An organ of the central nervous An organ of the central nervous system which controls and coordinates system which controls and coordinates the body’s activities. the body’s activities.

Three Parts of the BrainThree Parts of the Brain CerebrumCerebrum - controls thoughts, voluntary - controls thoughts, voluntary

actions, and the sensesactions, and the senses CerebellumCerebellum -helps with balance and -helps with balance and

coordination. coordination. Brain stemBrain stem - located at the base of the - located at the base of the

brain and controls vital and involuntary brain and controls vital and involuntary processes, for example, breathing, the processes, for example, breathing, the beating of the heart, and digestion.beating of the heart, and digestion.

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Spinal cordSpinal cord – Bundle of – Bundle of nerves that begins at the nerves that begins at the brain stem and continues brain stem and continues down the center of the back. down the center of the back.

Connects with nerves Connects with nerves outside the central nervous outside the central nervous system and controls system and controls reflexesreflexes and directs and directs sensations to the brain.sensations to the brain.

NervesNerves

Peripheral nervesPeripheral nerves - A - A network of nerves that network of nerves that branch out from the spinal branch out from the spinal cord and connect to the rest cord and connect to the rest of the body. The peripheral of the body. The peripheral nervous system is divided nervous system is divided into groups called the motor into groups called the motor and sensory nervous and sensory nervous systems.systems.

Muscular SystemMuscular System

Muscular SystemMuscular System- - Provides Provides movement.  movement. 

Muscles work in pairs to move Muscles work in pairs to move limbs and provide the organism limbs and provide the organism with mobility.  with mobility. 

Muscular System Muscular System ConnectionsConnections

Muscles also control the Muscles also control the movement of materials through movement of materials through some organs, for example the some organs, for example the stomach and intestine, and the stomach and intestine, and the heart and circulatory system. heart and circulatory system. 

The muscular and skeletal The muscular and skeletal systems work together to help systems work together to help the body move. the body move.

MusclesMuscles

Muscles Muscles VoluntaryVoluntary- move - move

when you want them when you want them toto

InvoluntaryInvoluntary – move – move without you thinking without you thinking about themabout them

Three Types of MuscleThree Types of Muscle

Skeletal musclesSkeletal muscles – Voluntary – Voluntary muscles that are attached to muscles that are attached to bones and provide the force bones and provide the force needed to move your bones needed to move your bones

Smooth musclesSmooth muscles- Involuntary - Involuntary muscles that control many muscles that control many types of movement in the body types of movement in the body (i.e, digestion)(i.e, digestion)

Cardiac musclesCardiac muscles - Involuntary - Involuntary muscle that forms the heartmuscle that forms the heart

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System - - Provides support for the Provides support for the body, protects delicate body, protects delicate internal organs and internal organs and provides attachment provides attachment sites for the organssites for the organs

BonesBones

BonesBones - Provide shape and - Provide shape and support for the body and support for the body and protection for many organs and protection for many organs and structures; some structures; some bones bones produce blood cellsproduce blood cells; some ; some store mineralsstore minerals

What system(s) connects to the What system(s) connects to the skeletal system?skeletal system?

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System

SkinSkin – or epidermis – covers – or epidermis – covers your body and is the largest your body and is the largest organ organ

Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin

CoversCovers the body and prevents the the body and prevents the loss of waterloss of water

ProtectsProtects the body from infection and the body from infection and injuryinjury

RegulatesRegulates body temperature, body temperature, Excretes or Excretes or gets rid of wastes (sweat)gets rid of wastes (sweat) ReceivesReceives information from the information from the

environment (senses touch, hot/cold, environment (senses touch, hot/cold, pain)pain)

ProducesProduces vitamin D vitamin D

Review – Review – The relationships The relationships of the major body systems.of the major body systems.

Different organs systems in the Different organs systems in the human body function together human body function together and depend on one another for and depend on one another for the human body to function the human body to function successfully, even though each successfully, even though each system performs its own unique system performs its own unique function.function.

Review ConnectionsReview Connections

Nervous SystemNervous System – controls all – controls all other systemsother systems

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System--transports transports nutrients, gases (oxygen and nutrients, gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), hormones, and carbon dioxide), hormones, and wastes through the body. wastes through the body.

Respiratory and Circulatory – Respiratory and Circulatory – take in and transport oxygentake in and transport oxygen

Review ConnectionsReview Connections

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System- p- provides gas exchange rovides gas exchange between the blood and the environment.  between the blood and the environment. 

Digestive SystemDigestive System - breakdown and absorb - breakdown and absorb nutrients that are necessary for growth and nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintenance.maintenance.

Circulatory and Digestive systems - work Circulatory and Digestive systems - work together to ensure that nutrients made together to ensure that nutrients made available by digestion get to the cells of the available by digestion get to the cells of the body.body.

Digestive and excretory systems - work Digestive and excretory systems - work together to take in materials your body needs together to take in materials your body needs and gets rid of wastes. and gets rid of wastes.

Review ConnectionsReview Connections

Excretory SystemExcretory System-- filters out cellular filters out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system. nutrients from the circulatory system. 

Muscular SystemMuscular System- - provides provides movement.  movement. 

Muscular and Skeletal systems - work Muscular and Skeletal systems - work together to help the body movetogether to help the body move

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System- - provides support for provides support for the body, protects delicate internal the body, protects delicate internal organs and provides attachment sites for organs and provides attachment sites for the organs.the organs.

Effects of Disease on the Effects of Disease on the Major Organs and Body Major Organs and Body

SystemsSystems

DiseaseDisease - a condition that does not - a condition that does not allow the body to function normally. allow the body to function normally.

Diseases can affect either an Diseases can affect either an individual organ or an entire body individual organ or an entire body system. system.

Diseases are divided into two Diseases are divided into two groups—infectious and groups—infectious and noninfectious. noninfectious.

Infectious DiseaseInfectious Disease

Infectious diseasesInfectious diseases – diseases – diseases caused by a pathogen and caused by a pathogen and spread an infected organism spread an infected organism usually through direct contact usually through direct contact (see below).(see below).

PathogensPathogens

PathogensPathogens cause cause infectious infectious diseasesdiseases. .

Ex. pathogens can be bacteria, Ex. pathogens can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protistsviruses, fungi, or protists

Pathogens can come from:Pathogens can come from: another person another person a contaminated objecta contaminated object an animal bite an animal bite or the environmentor the environment

Immune SystemImmune System

Once a pathogen Once a pathogen enters the body, enters the body, it works by it works by damaging damaging individual cells individual cells within the organs within the organs or in some cases or in some cases attacks an entire attacks an entire body system. body system.

The Immune Response – The Immune Response – How Your Body Defends How Your Body Defends

ItselfItselfFirst Line of DefenseFirst Line of Defense SkinSkin – keeps out pathogens – keeps out pathogens Mucous MembranesMucous Membranes – (nose, – (nose,

throat, ears, eyes) -traps throat, ears, eyes) -traps pathogens with sticky fluid pathogens with sticky fluid (mucous/snot)(mucous/snot)

CiliaCilia - (nose/throat) - filters out - (nose/throat) - filters out pathogenspathogens

The Immune Response – The Immune Response – How Your Body Defends How Your Body Defends

ItselfItselfSecond Line of DefenseSecond Line of Defense Inflammation Inflammation – swelling – – swelling –

rushes blood to infected area to rushes blood to infected area to get white blood cells there to kill get white blood cells there to kill the pathogenthe pathogen

Fever Fever – temperature goes up to – temperature goes up to kill pathogenskill pathogens

The Immune Response – The Immune Response – How Your Body Defends How Your Body Defends

ItselfItselfOther DefensesOther Defenses White blood cellsWhite blood cells – attack and – attack and

eat invading pathogenseat invading pathogens InterferonInterferon – chemical body – chemical body

makes to “interfere” with a virusmakes to “interfere” with a virus AntibodiesAntibodies – protein produced – protein produced

in response to invading in response to invading pathogen, take up space on a pathogen, take up space on a cell where virus normally cell where virus normally attachesattaches

SymptomsSymptoms

SymptomsSymptoms – things you can – things you can name that tells you that you are name that tells you that you are sick ex. Sore throat, fever, chills, sick ex. Sore throat, fever, chills, rash, painrash, pain

Protection from Protection from PathogensPathogens

#1 Protection method - Trying #1 Protection method - Trying not to “catch” them in the first not to “catch” them in the first place – place – wash your handswash your hands, don’t , don’t take risks (eat/drink after take risks (eat/drink after another person), don’t puncture another person), don’t puncture skin with dirty object skin with dirty object

Protection from Protection from PathogensPathogens

VaccinesVaccines – Prevent some – Prevent some viruses from making you sick viruses from making you sick

Ex. Chicken pox, small pox, Ex. Chicken pox, small pox, mumps, rabies, tetanusmumps, rabies, tetanus

Protection from Protection from PathogensPathogens

AntibioticsAntibiotics – if you get sick with – if you get sick with some types of bacteria some types of bacteria antibiotics will kill them antibiotics will kill them

Ex. Penicillin for strep throatEx. Penicillin for strep throat Antibiotics do not kill viruses. Antibiotics do not kill viruses.

Bacteria can become used to Bacteria can become used to antibiotics so stronger antibiotics antibiotics so stronger antibiotics have to be used to kill them.have to be used to kill them.

Infectious DiseasesInfectious Diseases

ColdsColds FluFlu Strep ThroatStrep Throat Athlete’s FootAthlete’s Foot AIDSAIDS

ColdsColds

Colds - Colds - (virus) A common cold is (virus) A common cold is an infection located in the an infection located in the respiratory system. respiratory system.

Cold viruses can only reproduce Cold viruses can only reproduce when they are inside living cells. when they are inside living cells.

Cold viruses cannot reproduce Cold viruses cannot reproduce on environmental surfaces on environmental surfaces (doorknobs)(doorknobs)

Can be infectious and Can be infectious and transported from environmental transported from environmental surfaces to the nose or mouth. surfaces to the nose or mouth.

FluFlu

Flu Flu or Influenzaor Influenza – (virus) a – (virus) a highly contagious infection of the highly contagious infection of the respiratory system. respiratory system.

Symptoms: fever, muscle aches, Symptoms: fever, muscle aches, and a more severe cough than and a more severe cough than the common cold and usually the common cold and usually last longer. last longer.

Strep ThroatStrep Throat

Strep throatStrep throat - - (bacterial) a (bacterial) a contagious infection contagious infection of the throat of the throat 

Symptoms include Symptoms include fever, pain, redness, fever, pain, redness, and swelling of the and swelling of the throat and tonsils. throat and tonsils.

Strep throat may Strep throat may produce mild or produce mild or severe symptoms.severe symptoms.

Athlete’s FootAthlete’s Foot

Athlete’s foot Athlete’s foot (fungus) (fungus) infection of the skin of the feet. infection of the skin of the feet.

Fungus contracted from public Fungus contracted from public environments and then grows in environments and then grows in the warm and moist environment the warm and moist environment usually between the toesusually between the toes

Can be difficult to get rid of Can be difficult to get rid of without medicinewithout medicine

AIDSAIDS

AIDSAIDS Acquired Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)(AIDS) – (virus) caused by the – (virus) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV)

Virus attacks the cells in the Virus attacks the cells in the immune system making the immune system making the organism unable to fight off other organism unable to fight off other pathogens that may attack the pathogens that may attack the body. body.

Noninfectious DiseasesNoninfectious Diseases

Noninfectious diseasesNoninfectious diseases are are diseases that are diseases that are notnot caused by caused by pathogens in the body and are pathogens in the body and are not spread from organism to not spread from organism to organism. organism.

Examples:Examples: Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease AllergiesAllergies DiabetesDiabetes Cancer Cancer

DiabetesDiabetes

Diabetes - Diabetes - Results in the Results in the glucose, or sugar, level of the glucose, or sugar, level of the blood being higher than the blood being higher than the normal range. normal range.

Caused by a person’s inability to Caused by a person’s inability to either produce or use properly a either produce or use properly a natural chemical produced in the natural chemical produced in the body called body called insulininsulin. .

DiabetesDiabetes

The higher level of blood sugar The higher level of blood sugar results many disorders of the results many disorders of the body, for example it increases body, for example it increases problems with circulation of problems with circulation of blood, and it can lead to kidney blood, and it can lead to kidney disease and heart disease, or disease and heart disease, or cause vision problems. cause vision problems.

DiabetesDiabetes

DialysisDialysis –a temporary treatment –a temporary treatment for kidney failurefor kidney failure

AsthmaAsthma

AsthmaAsthma - - affects the lungs and affects the lungs and the airways that deliver air to the the airways that deliver air to the lungs. lungs.

AsthmaAsthma

Causes periodic attacks of Causes periodic attacks of wheezing and difficult breathing. wheezing and difficult breathing.

An asthma attack occurs when An asthma attack occurs when the airways become inflamed in the airways become inflamed in response to a trigger, such as response to a trigger, such as dust, mold, pets, exercise, or dust, mold, pets, exercise, or cold weather. However, some cold weather. However, some attacks start for no apparent attacks start for no apparent reasonreason

Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease - - Certain Certain nerve cells in the brain die or nerve cells in the brain die or become damaged. become damaged.

Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease

Does not affect everyone the Does not affect everyone the same way same way

Some people develop the Some people develop the disease quickly, in others it does disease quickly, in others it does not. not.

Some people become severely Some people become severely disabled others experience only disabled others experience only minor motor disruptions. minor motor disruptions.

Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease

Tremor is the major symptom for Tremor is the major symptom for some people, while for others some people, while for others tremor is only a minor complaint tremor is only a minor complaint and different symptoms are and different symptoms are more troublesome. more troublesome.

At present, there is no cure for At present, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.Parkinson's disease.

Skin CancerSkin Cancer

Skin CancerSkin Cancer - Cancer cells are - Cancer cells are found in the outer layers of your found in the outer layers of your skin. skin.

Skin CancerSkin Cancer

Your skin protects your body against Your skin protects your body against heat, light, infection, and injury. heat, light, infection, and injury.

It also stores water, fat, and vitamin It also stores water, fat, and vitamin D. D.

Sunburn and UV light can damage Sunburn and UV light can damage your skin, and this damage can lead your skin, and this damage can lead to skin cancer. to skin cancer.

However, there are other determining However, there are other determining factors, including heredity and the factors, including heredity and the environment.environment.