human body powerpoint gettingnerdyllc€¦ · title: microsoft powerpoint - human body powerpoint...
TRANSCRIPT
2/6/2018
1
You ARE What You Eat!Objective: To learn the structureand function of the DigestiveSystemBell Work:Place the following in orderaccording to the path that foodtakes through your body:
STOMACHLARGE INTESTINE
RECTUMESOPHAGUS
ANUSMOUTH
SMALL INTESTINE
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
Your cells need nutrients found in food
1. Provide energy and materialsfor cell development, growth,and repair: Proteins (meats),Carbohydrates (sugars =energy), Fats (Lipids),Vitamins, Minerals, andWater
2. Maintain homeostasis3. No food has every nutrient,
so eat a variety of foods
+
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
2
FUNCTION: breaks food down into small molecules that are absorbed
into bloodstream
1. Mechanical digestion: PHYSICALprocess: food is chewed, mixedand churned
2. Chemical digestion: CHEMICALprocess: food is turned into amushy substance using stomachacid, bile, saliva, & other enzymes(proteins that speed up chemicalreactions)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas
2. Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
3
Digestion begins NOW!1. Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into
soft mass (bolus)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2. Esophagus: muscular tubemoves food to stomachusing peristalsis (musclecontractions)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
4
3. Stomach: muscular sacthat turns food into a thin,watery liquid called chymea. Mechanical digestion by
peristalsis b. Chemical digestion by
digestive juices/enzymes
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
4. Small Intestine:long tube (smalldiameter) thatfunctions inchemicaldigestion andnutrientabsorption
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
5
Lined with villi: finger-like
projections
Each villus is composed of cells
that have microvilli. Cells transport
nutrients to the bloodstream
through capillary beds to be
distributed to the body cells
Capillary bed Microvilli
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
LET’S COMPARE…If the small intestine were a simple smooth tube without folds and villi, the surface area would be the inside of the
tube as seen below.
The gathering of the intestinal wall into folds lined with villi increases the surface area tremendously – imagine that the
folds are a string and you are pulling on the end with the arrow. It would unravel to a length much greater than that of the smooth tube. In fact, it’s surface area is comparable to a
tennis court!
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
6
* Accessory Organs of Small Intestine:
a. Liver: large red-brownorgan that makes bile
b. Gallbladder: stores bilewhich is released intothe S.I. and helps breakdown fat
c. Pancreas: makesdigestive enzymes &insulin which regulatesblood sugar
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
5. Large intestine: absorbswater from undigestedchymea. Chyme can be in L.I.
as long as three daysb. Appendix: sac
attached to the L.I.that is now known toprovide immunesupport in the body
6. Rectum & anus: controlrelease of solid waste(feces) from body
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
1
You ARE What You Eat!Objective: To learn the structureand function of the DigestiveSystemBell Work:Place the following in orderaccording to the path that foodtakes through your body:
STOMACHLARGE INTESTINE
RECTUMESOPHAGUS
ANUSMOUTH
SMALL INTESTINE
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
Your cells need nutrients found in food
1. Provide energy and materialsfor cell development, growth,and repair: Proteins (meats),Carbohydrates (sugars =energy), Fats (Lipids),Vitamins, Minerals, andWater
2. Maintain homeostasis3. No food has every nutrient,
so eat a variety of foods
+
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
2
FUNCTION: breaks food down into small molecules that are absorbed
into bloodstream
1. Mechanical digestion: PHYSICALprocess: food is chewed, mixedand churned
2. Chemical digestion: CHEMICALprocess: food is turned into amushy substance using stomachacid, bile, saliva, & other enzymes(proteins that speed up chemicalreactions)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas
2. Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
3
Digestion begins NOW!1. Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into
soft mass (bolus)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2. Esophagus: muscular tubemoves food to stomachusing peristalsis (musclecontractions)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
4
3. Stomach: muscular sacthat turns food into a thin,watery liquid called chymea. Mechanical digestion by
peristalsis b. Chemical digestion by
digestive juices/enzymes
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
4. Small Intestine:long tube (smalldiameter) thatfunctions inchemicaldigestion andnutrientabsorption
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
5
Lined with villi: finger-like
projections
Each villus is composed of cells
that have microvilli. Cells transport
nutrients to the bloodstream
through capillary beds to be
distributed to the body cells
Capillary bed Microvilli
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
LET’S COMPARE…If the small intestine were a simple smooth tube without folds and villi, the surface area would be the inside of the
tube as seen below.
The gathering of the intestinal wall into folds lined with villi increases the surface area tremendously – imagine that the
folds are a string and you are pulling on the end with the arrow. It would unravel to a length much greater than that of the smooth tube. In fact, it’s surface area is comparable to a
tennis court!
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
2/6/2018
6
* Accessory Organs of Small Intestine:
a. Liver: large red-brownorgan that makes bile
b. Gallbladder: stores bilewhich is released intothe S.I. and helps breakdown fat
c. Pancreas: makesdigestive enzymes &insulin which regulatesblood sugar
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
5. Large intestine: absorbswater from undigestedchymea. Chyme can be in L.I.
as long as three daysb. Appendix: sac
attached to the L.I.that is now known toprovide immunesupport in the body
6. Rectum & anus: controlrelease of solid waste(feces) from body
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC