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Leadership in

e-Government Development

Bahrain International e-Government Forum, Kingdom of Bahrain

8~10 April 2013

Mr. Bong Up CHO

Senior Policy Development Expert

United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG)

http://www.unpog.org 2

Contents

Introduction of UNPOG

Why e-Government ?

Challenges of e-Government Development

Leadership - Korea Experience - e-Government History as a Presidential Agenda

Lessons Learned

3

United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG):Established in 2006, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Achieving MDGsAchieving MDGs

Enhancing Governance / e-Governance

Enhancing Governance / e-Governance

Capacity Development

Providing Policy Advice &

Best Practices

Sharing Knowledge & Experience

Research & Policy Development

Raising Awareness & Establishing Partnerships

Communications & Outreach

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.Why e-Government ?

Achieving Millennium Development Goals

Better SocietyBetter Government

Government

e-Governmentas a catalyst

National Perspective UN Perspective

United Nations

efficienteffective

transparentaccountableparticipatory

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※ The United Nations believes that e-Government is integral to the socio- economic development of the peoples of the world.

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- “Leadership Failures” ….Lack of finance….Digital divides….Poor coordination…. Workplace and organizational inflexibility….Lack of trust….Poor technical design

- Others : Government officials’ resistance to change, Lack of interoperability between systems, etc.

* Research(Aug. 2006) conducted by Oxford Internet Institute

※ Leadership failure can lead to - Low prioritization of e-Government in public policies and resource allocation

- Lack of integration of the e-Government agenda with mainstream strategies for public sector reform - Poor strategic vision and planning of e-Government

Challenges of e-Government Development

6

※ Survey: Major factors for Successful e-Gov. projects

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Source: ADB staff survey results on e-Gov 2012

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Korean Experience e-Government History

as a Presidential Agenda

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Consolidation of internal administrative procedure and establishment of common basis

Selective public service reform

Advancement of internal administrative procedure

Expansion of integrated civil services

Phase 1 [Foundation] Phase 2 [Service Advancement]

Seamless online

service provided by

agencies

Converged

public services

Visa, passport, birth records obtained online

Taxes & fees paid online

Regularly updated contents and information

Limited web presence

Level 2Enhanced

Level 3Transactional

Level 4Seamless

Level 1Emerging

Korea isHere !Phase 2

Phase 1

※ Current Status of Korea’s e-Government

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1) Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) was

established in 1976 to develop new technologies related to ICTs

- TDX (Time Division Exchange) to solve the congestion of wire telephone

installation across the country including rural areas (’76~’86)

* World 10th in development & production of the electronic switching system

- D-RAM : Starting with development of 4M DRAM, successfully developed 16M, 64M

and 256M DRAM in a row (’85~’94)

- World’s first Commercialization of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) :

foundation of wireless communication (’89~’96)

2) Creation of Masterplan to computerize administrative systems

- Masterplan to computerize administrative systems of Government agencies

was designed in 1978 to enhance administrative efficiency and upgrade civil services.

1. The Park Administration in 1970s

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1) Mr. Oh, Myung, then Vice Minister and Minister of Information and

Communications, served about 7 years as a National CIO(’81.5~’88.2) - Coordinated the development of TDX (domestically produced electronic switching system)

- Established government-funded company, KT(Korea Telecom) for electronic communications

- Founded public telecommunications carrier, Korea Data Communications (Dacom)

2) Computerized National Data in major areas

such as resident registration, real-estate, vehicle records, and finance to lay the groundwork

for informatization at national level

* Focused on storing government records into a digital format.

3) Established National Informatization Agency (NIA) in 1987

- NIA is a statutory agency founded to promote national informatization to develop

e-Government-related policies, and to provide technical expertise for national agencies.

2. The Chun Administration in 1980s

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1) The Framework Act on Informatization Promotion legislated in 1995.

- Established the legal basis for promoting informatization on national scale

2) The Informatization Promotion Committee (chaired by the Prime Minister

and included other ministers among its members) was organized to

supervise the informatization plans & policies of each ministry.

3) The Informatization Promotion Fund established in 1996. - Enabled the government to invest intensively in promoting e-Government, developed

technology & manpower and established IT infras, serving as a stable foundation for Ko-rea’s informatization.

4) High-speed Information and Communications Networks

- In 1995, started to build a nationwide fiber optic network and a high- speed transmission network and completed the construction in 2005 at a cost of USD 32 billion.

3. The Kim, Young Sam Administration (1993 ~ 1997)

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1) Creation of a Chief Information Officer (CIO) across the government and local gov-

ernments to sustain attention and prioritization of e-Government (‘98.9)

2) IT Training for 10 million citizens (taxi-drivers, housewives, the old, etc.) taught

how to use internet, and the use of word processing (2000)

3) The Electronic Government Act * enacted in 2001 to build foundation for

e-Government promotion. * first in the world

4) The Special Committee for e-Government created in 2001 to

promote interagency collaboration concerning the e-Government initiatives.

※ A joint civilian-government committee under the supervision of the President

5) Selected and carried out 11* major initiatives for e-Government (2001~2002)

- Citizen-oriented(front office) : G4C, Home Tax Service, e-Procurement, Social

Insurance Information System

- Administrative Efficiency(back office) : Finance, Education, Local Gov’t, Personnel

- Infra for e-Government : e-Approval & e-Document between agencies,

e-Signature, Government-wide integrated computer network

4. The Kim, Dae Jung Administration (1998 ~ 2002)

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1) Presidential Committee on Gov’t Innovation & Decentralization launched in 2003

- Selected and Implemented 31 e-Government project initiatives

2) Establishment of Government Integrated Data Center (GIDC) - Separately and individually operated information systems of 47 government agencies were integrated and managed together.

3) Construction of ‘e-Participation Portal’ (e-People) - Integrated the systems of all central governments and diplomatic missions and connected the systems of local governments & major public institutions.

- Facilitated citizen participation in the decision-making process by allowing their

complaints, policy proposals to be addressed through a single window.

4) Introduction of ‘Digital Budget & Accounting System’ (d-Brain)

- As d-Brain was connected to 63 other systems of 46 institutions including Public

Procurement Service & National Tax Service,

- efficiency and transparency have been improved in national finance management

such as revenue generation, budget planning, execution & settlement.

5. The Roh Administration (2003 ~ 2007)

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1) Establishment of Presidential Council on National Informatization

- Prime Minister`s Council on Informatization has been promoted to the

Presidential Council to coordinate informatization policies

2) Integration and Connection of the e-Government services

- Online Civil Service Portal (G4C), Korea e-Government Portal (www.korea.go.kr) and One-stop Business Support Service (G4B) provide integrated and customized

services for citizens and businesses

As a result, Korea ranked first in the UN e-Government Surveys in both 2010 and 2012 consecutively.

(Next Step) The New Administration is planning to implement ‘Smart e-Government’ that enables users to enjoy easy & free access to government services regardless of the delivery channel.

* Launch of Open Government Data Portal (www.data.go.kr) (March 2013)

6. The Lee Administration (2008 ~ Feb. 2013)

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UN Global e-Government Readiness IndexRank 2012 2010 2008 2005 2004 2003

1 Korea Korea Sweden USA USA USA

2 Netherlands USA Denmark Denmark Sweden Australia

3 UK Canada Norway UK Australia New Zealand

4 Denmark UK USA Sweden Denmark Singapore

5 USA Netherlands Netherlands Korea UK Norway

6 France Norway Korea Australia Canada Canada

7 Sweden Denmark Canada Canada Norway UK

8 Norway Australia Australia Singapore Switzerland Netherlands

9 Finland Spain France Finland Germany Denmark

10 Singapore France UK Norway Finland Germany

11 Canada Singapore Japan Netherlands Netherlands Sweden

12 Australia Sweden Switzerland Germany Singapore Belgium

13 New Zealand Bahrain Estonia New Zealand Korea Finland

14 Liechtenstein New Zealand Luxembourg Iceland New Zealand France

15 Switzerland Germany Finland Switzerland Iceland Korea

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Lessons Learned

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1) Informatization on the basis of Research & Development - Technology Development : Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute

(ETRI, in 1976) * (USD 825, per capita GDP of Korea)

ETRI has been making significant efforts to provide Korea with a remarkable growth in the area of ICTs

- Policy Development & Provision of Technical Expertise : National Informatization Agency (NIA, in 1987)

As the agency responsible for the overall informatization of the nation, NIA has been providing expertise in developing and implementing the Nat’l Framework Plan on In-formatization Promotion

2) From Top-down Approach to Bottom-up Approach - At the beginning, most projects on National Informatization were initiated by upper-

level officials including Presidents.

- As time went by, focused on taking a bottom-up approach to prioritize and implement e-Government projects.

Lessons Learned from Korea’s e-Government

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3) To the Implementation of Integrated & Connected Projects from Individual Projects

- At the initial stage, e-Government projects and the information system were executed and operated by respective ministries.

- As citizen-centered services get more importance and the information society be-comes more advanced, it has implemented e-Government projects* focusing

on connection and integration. * GIDC, Online Civil Service Portal, e-People, d-Brain Finance system, etc.

4) Historical Roles & Responsibilities among Presidents (Continuity of e-Government)

- Top-leadership fully understood the importance of ICTs & e-Government in socio-eco-nomic development and made an aggressive investment on them for more than 30 years consistently.

* Making Foundation (R&D: ETRI) → Computerization Basic National Information (DB) → Establishment of Policy Development Institute(NIA) → Construction of Infrastructure

→ Creation of Enabling Environments ; Law, Institutions, and Fund

→ Implementation of Major e-Government Projects

Lessons Learned from Korea’s e-Government

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Triangle of e-Government Development

e-Government

Strategy

Policy

Development

Technology

Development

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e-Government

is A Journey,

not a destina-

tion

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Thank you

for your attention!