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“El Abrazo” Gonzales Camarena

Objective:Understand the lasting effects of the Spanish Conquest of the Americas

HW: 2.2

Map: The Spanish and Portuguese Empires

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Spanish & Portuguese Languages today

Spanish Pattern of ConquestI. CONQUER Destroy the leadership and military power Deter resistance with brutal massacres and

demonstrations of force Enslave the population

II. COLONIZE Send peninsulares, mainly men, to settle the new land Establish encomiendas (slave labor) to farm and mine

III. CONVERT Missionaries convert the native population to Christianity Conquistadores and peninsulares intermarry with Native

American Indians. Their offspring are known as mestizos.

God, Glory,

and Goldor?

Gold,Glory,

and God

missionaries

MERCANTILISMMERCANTILISMWealth = Power Wealth = Power

More Wealth More Wealth More Power More Power

Export Revenue $ > Import ExpensesExport Revenue $ > Import Expenses

Colonies Provide:Colonies Provide:

1.1. Supplies of Raw MaterialsSupplies of Raw Materials

2.2. A Market for Finished GoodsA Market for Finished Goods

THIS CREATES A THIS CREATES A

““FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE”FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE”

KEY IDEAKEY IDEA

Colonies existed to serve the interests of Colonies existed to serve the interests of the Mother Countrythe Mother Country

Colonies were a MEANS to Europe’s ENDSColonies were a MEANS to Europe’s ENDS

England

Colonies

Raw Materials

Finished Products

Currency

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo VespucciSource: Library of CongressSource: Library of Congress

Hernan Cortes• Secured Cuba

– Landed in Mexico 1519– Learned of the great wealth in the regions interior

• Conquered the Aztec Empire– Held Montezuma, the emperor hostage for gold– Eventually sacked and destroyed Tenochitlan, the Aztec capital– Had an advantage in

“Guns, Germs, and Steel”• Cortes’ attacking force

– 600 men, 17 horses, dogs, and 10 cannons – Convinced Aztec enemies to fight with him, greatly aided by

his translator, Malinche, and thousands of Indian Allies

Tenochitlan, drawn by Hernan Cortes, Walters Museum

Map: Major Mesoamerican Cultures, c. 1000


AZTECS1200-1500 CE

Aztec home scene from Florentine Codex (The Art Archive) Houghton Mifflin Company

The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán

The Mexican Counterattack, Codex DuránThe differences between European and Native American styles and conceptions of warfare were often striking. This scene, from the Codex Durán, illustrates a Spanish force besieged by Aztec warriors. Note the contrast in clothing, for example. For most Indian groups, warfare was a highly spiritual affair surrounded by ceremony, often involving colorful and fanciful costumes. The European battle dress, however, bespeaks a very different conception of warfare: practical and deadly. (Archivo fotografico)

The Mexican Counterattack, Codex Durán


Indians with smallpox European diseases killed many millions of Indians during the initial stages of contact because they had no immunity to such epidemic illnesses as influenza, measles, and plague. Smallpox was one of the deadliest of these imported diseases. This Aztec drawing illustrates smallpox's impact, from the initial appearance of skin lesions through death. Traditional Indian medical practices were unable to cure such diseases, and physical contact between shamans and patients actually helped to spread them. (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana)

Indians with smallpox


INCA1400-1600 CE

Inca Suspension Bridge, 1613Bridges like this one, sketched by a native Andean, enabled the Incas to move people and goods through the mountains. An Inca administrator stands to the left, overseeing the bridge. (Det Kongelige Bibliotek)

Inca Suspension Bridge, 1613


Francisco Pizzaro

What were the Reasons for Spanish Victories?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Exploring Florida • Juan Ponce de Leon

– Conquered Puerto Rico

• Explored the Caribbean looking for the “vast land” north

• Eventually established St. Augustine, the oldest European settlement in North America

Settling the

Southwest

• Coronado – Explored Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas

– Couldn’t find gold or silver

– Burned and looted many Native villages

• Spanish Priests – Establish Congregaciones to convert Native Americans

Treaty of Tordesillas and European ExplorersSource: http://www.lasalle.edu/~mcinneshin/325/mapimages/tordesillasNewWorld.jpg

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