How Do We Make Compounds?

What is inside the atom?

Atom: made of subatomic particlesProton (+) = atomic # : determines the

identity of the elementNeutron (no charge)Electron (-)

Atomic mass = protons + neutrons Periodic Table : arranged by Russian

Chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, by atomic #

Why do atoms bond?

Octet Rule: Every atom wants 8 electrons to fill the valence shell (outer most shell)

Ion: Charged atom (Ca+2)Cation: + charged ionAnion: - charged ion

Polyatomic Ion: Two or more atoms covalently bonded together to form an ion (SO4

-2)

What are Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonds?

Ionic Bond: An electron is transferred from one element to another (metal to nonmetal)

Covalent Bond: Electrons are shared (nonmetal to nonmetal)

Metallic Bond: Sea of electrons (Metal to Metal)

Molecules and Molecular Compounds

Properties of molecular compoundsLow melting and boiling pointsUsually gas or liquidComposed of two or more

nonmetalsO2, O3, H2O

How Do We Name Molecular (covalent)

Molecules? Name the first

element Keep the root of the

2nd element, drop the ending & add “ide”

Now add the prefixes

The first element does not need the prefix mono

Prefixes: Mono (1) Di (2) Tri (3) Tetra (4) Penta (5) Hexa (6) Hepta (7) Octa (8) Nano (9) Deca (10)

Name CO2 Name CCl4

Let’s Compare!

How Do We Name Ionic Compounds?

Name the first element. Use the root of 2nd element and add “ide” (no prefixes)

If there is a transition metal, determine the charge and add Roman Numerals

If there is a polyatomic ion, name the first element and name the polyatomic ion.

Name: CaCl2, FeO, NaOH

Exceptions:

Some of the transition metals have only one ionic charge:Do not use roman numerals for

these:Silver is always 1+ (Ag1+)Cadmium and Zinc are always

2+ (Cd2+ and Zn2+)

What are Oxidation Numbers?

How do we draw a Lewis Dot Diagram?

Determine the number of valence electrons Write the chemical symbol Place a dot for each valence electron around the

symbol

Writing Chemical Formulas

Rules of writing formulas: positive ion (cation) is written first …

this is usually a metal negative ion (anion) is written second …

this is usually a nonmetal subscripts are used to show how many

ions of each part are in the compound. They are used to balance the charge of the ions.

Using the Criss Cross Method

Determine the oxidation number (charge) on each ion. Write the chemical symbols of each ion

(cation1st,anion 2nd) Cross over the numbers ignoring the charges Reduce if necessary

HOW DO WE NAME BASES?

BASES: USE SAME RULES AS NAMING COMPOUNDS

EXAMPLE: NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE

NOW YOU TRY: Ca(OH)2

KOH Mg(OH)2

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE

HOW DO WE NAME ACIDS?

ACIDS: AN ACID’S NAME COMES FROM THE ANION IT PRODUCES WHEN IT DISSOCIATES. HERE ARE SOME RULES;

IF THE ANION ENDS IN “IDE” CHANGE IT TO “IC” AND ADD THE WORD “HYDRO” IN FRONT;

HCl HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID

IF THE ANION ENDS IN “ATE”, CHANGE IT TO “IC” AND DO NOT ADD A PREFIX

H2SO4 HYDROGEN SULFATE SULFURIC ACID

IF THE NAME ENDS IN “ITE”, CHANGE IT TO “OUS” AND DO NOT ADD A PREFIx

H2SO3 HYDROGEN SULFITE SULFUROUS ACID