how disruptive innovations shall alter our world
TRANSCRIPT
How Disruptive Innovations Shall Alter our World
Dr. S.Guruprasad DRDO
• Theory of Disruptive Innovation : Clayton Christensen
• Blurring edges of Science, Technology & Systems
• Technologies that are going to change our lives
• Material Technologies : Polymers; Biomimetic; FGM; RT Superconductors; Metamaterials; • Quantum Computing
• Artificial Intelligence, Robotics & Exoskeleton • Additive Manufacturing
• Nanotechnology
• Integrated Health Monitoring of Systems
• Internet of Things
• Artificial Symbiotic Environment • Breakthrough Technologies
• Great Conflicts that push Technological Innovations
• Theoretical Simulations v/s Experimental Research
Theory of Disruptive InnovationTechnology that pushes up profitability can disrupt the market with quality being same
Disruption always starts at the bottom creating new users and moves up to more knowledgeable users
Sustaining Innovation - Making better & better products without change in Technology
Efficiency Innovation - Cost cutting measures;
Process Innovations (Chinese Products flooding : creating new users)
IT industry of India (classic example of disruption);
Godrej: Peltier Refrigerator
‘Don’t ignore the root’ or ‘Bottom is important’
Blurring Edges of Science, Technology & Systems
Scientific Research
• Fundamental
• Basic
• Analytical
• Experimental
Technological Research
• Analytical & Experimental Studies
• Lab level devices
Product/System Engineering
• Prototype
• Evaluation/ Validation • Ergonomics & Aesthetics
Material Technologies Polymers:
• Synthesis of macromolecules – High Strength, desired properties, functionality
• Polymer activation by applying electric potential - morphing structures, conducting etc
Biomimetic • Copy of nature • Fibrous, layered. E.g Sea Shells – Bottom up, • Self-healing
Functionally Graded Materials • Gradation of the properties to optimizing performance
Metamaterials
RT Superconductors
Quantum Computing
• Huge computing power • Moore’s law maintained and may even exceed
Single atom imaging and manipulation
• Proliferation of AI • Big Data • Very large scale simulations • Immense application – S&T, Business, Govt etc.
Artificial Intelligence: Systems that can learn
• Artificial Neural Networks
• Fuzzy Logic
• Combination of above & more
• Efforts to Eliminate Skill • Knowledge Management • Human like interface – Voice,
gestures etc • Customer Care Services
• Online & in person shopping
Aware of themselves, objects, information and levels of physical and virtual reality around them also of other nodes in their own network,
Artificial Intelligence & Robotics
Computational Power will never be a limitation
Our ability to build effective algorithms that can enable better learning capability by systems will be a huge limitation
Limitations will be more from mechanical domain
Biped Robots that can walk like a human and use tools like a human is still far from reality
Biomimetic actuators and micro sensor networks
Additive Manufacturing • Impact on Design of Components: Single shot Manufacturing
• Functional Grading, Multiple Materials, more near to the way nature builds
• Future: Cold Processing
2012 - US - National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute
2015 Satellite center, $87 million investment in a 13,000 ft2
2016. GE at Pittsburgh, - $39 million
160 + institutions - Business,universities, nonprofits , govt Org. Wrench - Cost to ship it to Space station > $400
Additive Manufacturing Challenges
•Limited Raw Materials •Limited test –Strength •Limited Scale / Size •Copyrights •Dangerous Items •Belies Economies of Scale •Post Processing •Loss of low skill job
Advantages
• Rapid prototyping • Customization • New ecosystems • New angles to driving
operational excellence • Affordability • Storage • Employment Opportunities • Health Care – Bio-printing
Nano TechnologyLycurgus cup- Dating from the 4th century A.D., is made from glass impregnated with gold nanoparticles; seen in transmitted light
Areas ApplicationMedicare & Health Monitoring, targeted drug delivery, replacement of damaged parts
etcICT Miniaturization, efficiencyEnvironment & Energy
Pollution - monitoring & Control – Filters; ENERGY - photovoltaic cells, solar absorbers, high density rechargeable Batteries
Biotech & Agro
Chemicals for nourishing plants & protection from insects, processing biomass in sewerage treatment plants food processing and preservation
Metallurgical High strength, tough, light weight corrosion & heat resistant structural Design and synthesis of new multifunctional molecules
Nano inclusions in composites
Enhanced inter lamina shear strength, enhanced compressive strength etc
Electronic- Electron Mobility>15,000 cm2V−1s−1
Optical - High opacity
Thermal - ~ 5300 Wm−1K−1
Mechanical - Strength 200 X Steel
Not only is it lighter, stronger, harder and more flexible than steel, it is also a recyclable
▪ Gas detection ▪ Transistors ▪ Optical modulators ▪ Integrated circuits ▪ Electrochromic devices ▪ Conducting electrodes ▪ Solar cells ▪ Ultra capacitors
Graphene : Properties and Applications
R&DE (E)
!
VARTM Fabrication process(Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding)
" Cost effective process " Minimal infrastructure " Staking of dry fabric " Resin and vacuum lines " Global fluid flow " Fiber volume fraction – 0.55 " Void content < 2%Schematic of VARTM process
Composites
R&DE (E)
!
RFI Fabrication process(Resin Film Infusion)
" No autoclave involved " Stacking of fabric with resin films " Local fluid flow " Superior mechanical properties " Fiber volume fraction – 0.6, void content < 1.5% " Only viable fabrication technique for nano-fillers
Composites
Five meters carbon composites bridge
Process and health monitoring capabilities
Integrated Health Monitoring of Systems
Internet of Things
Smart Homes Smart Systems
People
Things
AI
Communication
Sensor NetworksData
Overrides
Internet of Things
Billions of connected devices Secure and insecure locations Security may or may not be built in … Not owned or controlled by IT … but data flows through the network Any node on your network can potentially provide access to ..
Artificial Symbiotic Environment
Deep Space Exploration : Colonies on other planets / asteroids
Breakthrough Technologies
Solar Energy
• Breakthrough in PV technology
• Sustainable Fusion Reactors
Chemical Energy
Electrical Energy
Great Conflicts – Technological Innovations
Life Cycle Cost v/s Performance - Threat of Obsolescence
Reliability v/s Cost - Threat of Reputation
Power v/s Weight - Form (Size & Shape)
Strength v/s Weight - Cost
Simulation Vs Experimental Research
Scientific Research
Technological Research
Analytical & Experimental Techniques:
Both go hand in hand
Experimental Research will always define the Leader in the domain
Thanks