hoof health: foundation formula - pro€¦ · hoof health: foundation formula 2 nutrition & the...

17
12/6/2017 1 December Educational Webinar 2017 Dr Tania Cubitt Performance Horse Nutrition Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month. Things such as nutrition, breed, age (increased growth in younger animals), and season of the year all influence the rate of growth. 3 WATER Cool weather 1012 gallons Hot weather 2025 gallons Increases with lactation, heat, exercise Usually drink ¼½ gallon / 1 lb hay

Upload: others

Post on 14-Jul-2020

13 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

1

December Educational Webinar 2017

Dr Tania CubittPerformance Horse Nutrition

Hoof Health: Foundation Formula

2

NUTRITION & THE HOOF

• The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month.

• Things such as nutrition, breed, age (increased growth in younger animals), and season of the year all influence the rate of growth. 

3

WATER

• Cool weather 10‐12 gallons

• Hot weather 20‐25 gallons

• Increases with lactation, heat, exercise

• Usually drink ¼‐½ gallon / 1 lb hay

Page 2: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

2

4

WATER & HOOF FUNCTION

• Cellular functions rely on adequate tissue hydration

• Dermal blood flow – delivers nutrients to the hoof

• Adequate hoof moisture responsible for foot strength, elasticity and function

5

WATER & HOOF FUNCTION

• The moisture content of the hoof wall comes from internal sources (80%) and from the environment (20%). 

• This means that keeping a horse properly hydrated, adequately exercised (helps to move fluid into the cells of the feet), and on a balanced diet are the most essential parts of maintaining healthy feet. 

6

DRY HOOVES

• Neglect and   excessive drying. These problems often result in cracks forming in the hoof wall. 

Page 3: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

3

7

PROTEIN

• Organic structures made of amino acids

• Most adult horses only require 8 to 10% protein in the ration,

• Lactating mares and growing foals need higher protein

• Structural proteins make muscle and tissues (hoof tissue).

• Functional proteins - enzymes

8

PROTEIN ‐ QUALITY

• Some amino acids are essential

• Essential AA’s cannot be synthesized – they must be supplied in the diet

• Lysine must be supplied in the equine diet

• High quality protein sources supply essential AA:• Legumes • Alfalfa • Cereal grains • Grass  

9

PROTEIN & HOOF FUNCTION

• The hoof is mostly made up of protein and moisture. 

• Dermal tissue & the hoof wall rely on protein to provide structural strength and function

• Epidermal cells produce 3 protein groups:• Keratin

• Keratin associated protein 

• Cell envelope proteins

• Adequate amino acids critical to hoof strength

Page 4: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

4

10

MINERALS

• Needed in very small amounts• Body structure, fluid balance (electrolytes), nerve conduction,  muscle contraction, immune function

• Macro• Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, K, S

• Micro• Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, I, Se, Cr, F, etc.

11

MINERAL NUTRITION

• More mineral is not always better

• Mineral Interaction

• Other methods to insure adequate absorption

12

MINERALS & HOOF FUNCTION

• Calcium (Ca)• Signals formation of the rigid cell envelope during final cornification

• Zinc (Zn)• Epidermal cells, dermis and blood vessels require Zn for cell reproduction maintenance & repair

• Collagen, keratins, keratin associated 

Page 5: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

5

13

MINERALS & HOOF FUNCTION

• Copper (Cu)• Connective tissue

• Structural integrity

• Rigidity of outer hoof wall

• Manganese (Mn) • Internal structure of foot

• Maintenance & repair of joint cartilage

• Selenium (Se)• Immunity & antioxidant status, protect cells from damage.

14

VITAMINS

• Essential in small quantities for• Metabolism

• Growth

• Physical well being

• Immune function

• Fat Soluble – A, D, E, K

• Water Soluble – B, C

15

VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS

• Vitamin D – sunshine

• Horses doing prolonged strenuous activity, stress, acute and chronic illness require additional vitamins

• Vitamin A & E is lost with hay storage

• Vitamin B group synthesized by microbes in the hindgut

Page 6: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

6

16

VITAMINS & HOOF FUNCTION

• B Vitamins• Biotin important for hoof strength

• Cell to cell adhesion in the hoof wall

• Vitamin A• Healthy epithelial tissue

17

HOOF CAPSULE

• Water• Energy• Protein• Calcium• Zinc• Manganese• Copper• Selenium• Vitamin E• Biotin

Zinpro Corporation

18

• Water

• Energy

• Protein

• Zinc

• Manganese

• Copper

• Selenium

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin C

Zinpro Corporation

DERMIS

Page 7: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

7

19

• Energy

• Protein

• Calcium & phosphorus

• Zinc

• Manganese

• Copper

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin A

Zinpro Corporation

CENTRAL CORE

20

SUMMARY

• Balanced nutrients in adequate amounts will help build the hoof from the inside out.

21

NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

• Dry/Cracked hooves• Lack of moisture

• Growth Rings• Result from significant change in nutrition, or environmental or disease stress

• Laminitis• Multiple causes

Page 8: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

8

22

Grain Overload(7.4%)

Lush Pasture(45.6)

Unknown(15.4%)

Other known(26.9%)

Colic/Diarrhea(2.7%)

RetainedPlacenta (2.1%)

USDA‐ NAHMS, 2000

OVER 50% 

DIETARY CAUSES

CAUSES OF LAMINITIS

23

LAMINITIS

• Inflammation of laminae of the foot

• Laminae is the soft tissue between the hoof wall and bone

• Laminae responsible for attaching the coffin bone to the hoof wall

keeps the bones of the leg from coming through bottom of foot

24

LAMINITIS

• Inflammation damages laminae

• Laminae unable to hold coffin bone in position

• Coffin bone then sinks or rotates

• Tremendous Pain

• Lameness

Page 9: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

9

25

What is the difference between Laminitis and Founder?Founder is chronic laminitis with sinking ofthe coffin bone.

RADIOGRAPHIC VIEW

26

PHYSICAL SIGNS OF LAMINITIS

• Abnormal StanceTrying to alleviate pain

• Lamenessstraight linecircle

• Strong Digital Pulse

• Accumulation of Heat in Foot

27

RISK FACTORS FOR LAMINITIS

• Laminitis is the possible RESULT of many disease conditions

• Risk Factors Include

• Carbohydrate Overload

• Colic or Diarrheadisruption of gut

• Retained Placenta

• Drug Reactions

• Systemic Infection

Page 10: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

10

28

RISK FACTORS FOR LAMINITIS

• Cushing’s Disease

• Lameness

• Spring / Autumn Pasture

• Insulin Resistance

• Obesity

• Genetics

• Frosted Grass

• Sudden changein diet

29

PREVENTING LAMINITIS

• Control Nutrition Factors

• Obesity

• Carbohydrate Overload

• Colic / Diarrhea

• Systemic Infection

• Pasture

• Cushing’s + IR

• Dietary Changes

30

BODY CONDITION SCORE

• Used as a replacement for body weight

• visual estimate

• no scales needed

• Numeric system to establish fatness or thinness

• Most common “1 ‐ 9”• Low numbers = thin

• High numbers = fat

Page 11: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

11

31

JUDGING BODY CONDITION

• Areas to look for fat

A. neck

B. withers

C. back bone

D. flank

E. inner thigh

F. tail head

32

EMACIATED (BCS 1)

33

VERY THIN (BCS 2)

Page 12: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

12

34

THIN (BCS 3)

35

MODERATELY THIN (BCS 4)

36

MODERATE (BCS 5)

Page 13: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

13

37

MODERATELY FLESHY (BCS 6)

38

FLESHY (BCS 7)

39

FAT (BCS 8)

Page 14: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

14

40

EXTREMELY FAT (BCS 9)

41

CRESTY NECK SCORING

• Score of the amount of fat deposited along the crest of the neck

• Scale of 0 to 5

• Does not consider fatness of the rest of the body

42

CNS 0

No palpable crest

Page 15: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

15

43

CNS 1

No visual appearance of a crest, but slight filling felt with palpation 

44

CNS 2Noticeable appearance of a crest, but fat is deposited evenly from poll to withers.

45

CNS 3

Crest is enlarged and thickened, and begins to have a mounded appearance

Page 16: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

16

46

CNS 4Crest is grossly enlarged and thickened, may have wrinkles/creases perpendicular to topline.

47

CNS 5

Crest is so large that it permanently droops to one side

48

OBESE HORSE

• 1lb senior/day 

• Senior ~ 1.3 Mcal/lb

• 1.3 x 365 days in the year = 474.5 Mcal

• Takes 10 Mcal to gain 1lb

• 475 Mcal = 47.5 lbs/year

• GAINED A WHOLE BODY CONDITION SCORE!!

Page 17: Hoof Health: Foundation Formula - Pro€¦ · Hoof Health: Foundation Formula 2 NUTRITION & THE HOOF •The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per month

12/6/2017

17

49

LAMINITIS

• 10 year‐old Morgan Mare

• Current Body Weight = 1000 lbsOptimum

• Advanced laminitis with rotation, pain meds

• Mare maintains weight on good quality grass hay 

• Outline feeding goals

• What situations should be avoided?

50

LAMINITIS FEEDING GOALS

• Maximize Forage, Minimize soluble CHO

• Proper Fortification of TM and Vitamins

• Maintain weight at or slightly below optimum

• Supplements: Fat‐ if need wt gainHoof Supplement ‐ repair?

• Avoid ‐ Excessive Wt gain or soluble CHO