hitler and the rise of the nazi party – part ii chapter 13.5
TRANSCRIPT
Hitler and the Rise of the Nazi Party – Part II
Chapter 13.5
Adolf Hitler
Hitler was released from prison after one year
Many Germans believed that energetic leader Adolf Hitler would solve Germany’s economic problems and high unemployment
As the head of the Nazi Party, Hitler promised to end reparations, create jobs, and re-arm Germany in defiance of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler was legally elected chancellor in 1933
Within one year he was dictator over the new fascist state in Germany
Germans Attracted to Nazism
1) war veterans 2) workers 3) lower middle classes 4) small town Germans 5) business people
Adolf Hitler
Hitler’s first steps as dictator
Suspended civil rights Destroyed socialists and
Communists Outlawed other political parties Hitler executed disloyal Nazi
Party members Hitler demanded absolute
obedience
The German Reichs First Reich – Medieval Holy Roman Empire Second Reich – Bismarck’s German Empire
(1871) following German unification Third Reich – Hitler’s German empire predicted
to last 1000 years (it lasted from 1933-1945)
Third Reich
To appeal to nationalism and recall Germany’s glorious past, Hitler called his government the Third Reich (Reich = empire)
To combat the Depression, Hitler launched a public works program (e.g., highways, housing projects)
In violation of the Versailles Treaty, Hitler re-armed Germany
Hitler wanted to unite Germany and Austria because both countries speak German
Where was the League of Nations to stop this???
Totalitarianism Hitler organized a brutal
system of terror, repression, and totalitarian rule
Nazis controlled all aspects of German life (government, religion, education, etc.)
Nazis used the Gestapo, the secret police, to enforce the will of the Nazi Party
The Gestapo purged any person who opposed the Nazi Party
Nuremberg Laws
A fanatical anti-Semite, Hitler set out to expel the Jews from Germany
Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s problems
In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws, which deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed severe restrictions on them
The Nazis indoctrinated German youth and rewrote textbooks to reflect Nazi racial views
Examples of Nuremberg Laws
Jews prohibited from marrying non-Jews Jews could not attend German schools Jews could not teach at schools or
universities Jews banned from holding government
jobs Jews prohibited from practicing law or
medicine Jews could not publish books The Nazis began a terror campaign
against Jews – many fled for their lives
Instructional chart issued to help bureaucrats distinguish Jews from Mischlinge (mixed race persons) and Aryans. The white figures are Aryans; the black figures Jews; and the shaded figures Mischlinge.
Chart to Define if You are Jewish
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) 1938 – Young Jew named Herschel Grynszpan
killed a German diplomat in Paris Nazis retaliated by destroying Jewish
synagogues, Jewish books, religious symbols, and Jewish businesses on November 9-10, 1938
Nazi thugs attacked Jews throughout Germany
Kristallnacht
Video Watch this video about Kristallnacht: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SCj9RJU2Y1Y
Nazi Cultural and Societal Influences
Hitler also limited women’s roles and encouraged “pure-blooded Aryan” (blond hair, blue eyes) women to bear many children to raise the birthrate
He sought to purge German culture of what he believed were corrupt influences
Nazis denounced modern art and jazz, but glorified German artists and myths
Jazz music was condemned for its African roots
Hitler and Religion
Hitler despised Christianity as “weak” Hitler wanted to replace religion with
racial beliefs He combined all Protestant sects into
a single state church Nazis closed Catholic schools Although many clergy either
supported the new regime or remained silent, some courageously spoke out against Hitler’s government
Authoritarian Rule in Germany
Like Germany, most new nations in Eastern Europe slid from systems of democracy to authoritarian rule
Economic problems and ethnic tensions contributed to instability and helped fascist rulers to gain power
The new dictators promised to keep order, and won the backing of the military and the wealthy
They also supported the growth of anti-semitism – using Jewish people as scapegoats of national problems
Powerpoint Questions – Part II(18 points)
1. What did many Germans believe about Hitler? 2. What three things did Hitler promise to do as
head of the Nazi Party? (3 points)3. How did Hitler become the chancellor of
Germany?4. Why was Germany defined as a fascist state?5. What steps did Hitler take as dictator (5
points)?6. What did Hitler do that violated the Treaty of
Versailles?
Powerpoint Questions – Part II(18 points)
7. Identify the German secret police force.8. What laws deprived German Jews of
citizenship and placed severe restrictions on them?
9. Identify and describe the events of November 9-10, 1938.
10. What were Aryan women obligated to do?11. Why did Hitler dislike jazz music?12. With what did Hitler want to replace religion?
The End