Hitler and the Hitler and the Rise of Rise of

Nazi GermanyNazi Germany

World CivilizationWorld Civilization

Germany after WWIGermany after WWI

1919- the Kaiser abdicated1919- the Kaiser abdicatedThe The Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic was created. was created.Strain of reparations payments + Strain of reparations payments +

Great Depression depressed Great Depression depressed Germany’s economy.Germany’s economy.

hyperinflationhyperinflation

Adolf Hitler’s Early LifeAdolf Hitler’s Early Life

Born in Austria-1889Born in Austria-1889 Developed strong anti-Developed strong anti-

Semitic feelings while living Semitic feelings while living in Vienna.in Vienna. Rejected from art schoolRejected from art school Mother’s doctor was a JewMother’s doctor was a Jew Many Jews were richMany Jews were rich

Fought for the Germans in Fought for the Germans in WWI after Austria rejected WWI after Austria rejected him.him.

Hitler’s BackgroundHitler’s Background

Joined the Nazi party in 1919.Joined the Nazi party in 1919.National Socialist German WorkersNational Socialist German WorkersArrested in 1923 for treason after he Arrested in 1923 for treason after he

tried to stage a takeover. 9 months in tried to stage a takeover. 9 months in jail.jail.

Wrote Wrote Mein KampfMein Kampf while in prison. while in prison.““My Struggle”My Struggle”

Mein KampfMein Kampf

Main Ideas:Main Ideas:Germans belonged to “master race”Germans belonged to “master race”Jews, Serbs, Poles, etc… were Jews, Serbs, Poles, etc… were

enemiesenemiesAll Germans should unite to form 1 All Germans should unite to form 1

great nation.great nation.Germany should expand to gain Germany should expand to gain

lebensraumlebensraum, or living space., or living space.

The Nazi PartyThe Nazi Party

Nazi membership increased to 1 million.Nazi membership increased to 1 million.Hitler promised to end reparations, create Hitler promised to end reparations, create

jobs, and rearm Germany. jobs, and rearm Germany. Basically, make Germany great again.Basically, make Germany great again.Instilled strong feelings of nationalism.Instilled strong feelings of nationalism.Appealed to Germans b/c of horrible Appealed to Germans b/c of horrible

economy.economy.

Hitler becomes ChancellorHitler becomes Chancellor

Hitler was named chancellor of Hitler was named chancellor of Germany in 1933Germany in 1933

Not popular with politicians, but better Not popular with politicians, but better choice.choice.

Communism was spreading rapidly; Communism was spreading rapidly; Hitler seemed the lesser of 2 evils.Hitler seemed the lesser of 2 evils.

Hitler creates a Hitler creates a totalitariantotalitarian state state

Abolished all parties except Nazi Abolished all parties except Nazi partyparty

Ended civil rightsEnded civil rightsUsed military force to arrest/execute Used military force to arrest/execute

opponentsopponentsSS (Schutzstaffel)SS (Schutzstaffel)GestapoGestapo

All Quiet on the Western FrontAll Quiet on the Western Front burned burned

Nazism and ReligionNazism and Religion

““The Nazis came first for the Communists. The Nazis came first for the Communists. But I wasn’t a Communist, so I didn’t But I wasn’t a Communist, so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for the Jews, speak up. Then they came for the Jews, but I wasn’t a Jew, so I didn’t speak up. but I wasn’t a Jew, so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for the Catholics, but I Then they came for the Catholics, but I was a Protestant so I didn’t speak up. was a Protestant so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for me. By that time, Then they came for me. By that time, there was no one left to speak up.there was no one left to speak up.

~Martin Niemoller, Lutheran min.~Martin Niemoller, Lutheran min.

Hitler’s anti-SemitismHitler’s anti-Semitism

1933- 1933- Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws passed passedProhibited Jews from:Prohibited Jews from:

Attending/teaching at German Attending/teaching at German schoolsschools

Holding govt. jobsHolding govt. jobsPracticing law or medicinePracticing law or medicinePublishing booksPublishing books

Many Jews fled (Albert Einstein)Many Jews fled (Albert Einstein)

Night of the Broken GlassNight of the Broken Glass

KristallnachtKristallnacht – Nov. 9-10, 1938 – Nov. 9-10, 1938Nazi mobs attacked Jewish Nazi mobs attacked Jewish

communitiescommunitiesHomes, businesses, synagogues Homes, businesses, synagogues

were damagedwere damagedBeginning of the elimination of Beginning of the elimination of

JewsJews

Concentration Camps: Concentration Camps: AuschwitzAuschwitz

AuschwitzAuschwitz

Hitler disobeys Versailles TreatyHitler disobeys Versailles Treaty

Hitler began rebuilding the militaryHitler began rebuilding the militaryAlso sent German troops into the Also sent German troops into the

RhinelandRhineland30 mile wide buffer zone between 30 mile wide buffer zone between

France and Germany.France and Germany.The League of Nations was supposed to The League of Nations was supposed to

enforce the Treaty of Versailles.enforce the Treaty of Versailles.

Policy of AppeasementPolicy of Appeasement

Why wasn’t Hitler stopped?Why wasn’t Hitler stopped?Hitler was encouraged by lack of Hitler was encouraged by lack of

responseresponseFormed alliance with Italy and Japan.Formed alliance with Italy and Japan.

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo AxisRome-Berlin-Tokyo AxisThe three nations became known The three nations became known

as the Axis Powers.as the Axis Powers.

AppeasementAppeasement

1938- Germany annexed Austria1938- Germany annexed AustriaAnschlussAnschluss

1938- Hitler demands the 1938- Hitler demands the SudetenlandSudetenlandWestern region of CzechoslovakiaWestern region of Czechoslovakia3 million Germans 3 million Germans

Czech govt. asks France for help.Czech govt. asks France for help.Prepare for war.Prepare for war.

The Munich ConferenceThe Munich Conference

1938- Germany, Italy, GB, France1938- Germany, Italy, GB, FranceGB and France agree to give Hitler GB and France agree to give Hitler

the Sudetenland in exchange for his the Sudetenland in exchange for his promise that he would stop there.promise that he would stop there.

Less than 6 months later, he had Less than 6 months later, he had taken over all of Czechoslovakia.taken over all of Czechoslovakia.

Nazi-Soviet PactNazi-Soviet Pact

Nonaggression pact between Hitler Nonaggression pact between Hitler and the Joseph Stalin, dictator of the and the Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

NOT a friendly alliance, but one NOT a friendly alliance, but one based on mutual benefit.based on mutual benefit.

Hitler and StalinHitler and Stalin

WWII BeginsWWII Begins

Sept. 1, 1939Sept. 1, 1939: Germany invades : Germany invades PolandPoland

GB and France had promised to GB and France had promised to protect its independence.protect its independence.

Sept. 3, 1939Sept. 3, 1939: GB and France : GB and France declare war on Germany.declare war on Germany.

““Blitzkrieg”Blitzkrieg”

Lightning WarLightning WarLuftwaffe, tanks, infantry Luftwaffe, tanks, infantry Poland was “wiped off the map” in Poland was “wiped off the map” in

less than a monthless than a monthWinter 1939-Spring 1940- quietWinter 1939-Spring 1940- quiet““sitzkrieg” or “phony war”sitzkrieg” or “phony war”

Germany’s ExpansionGermany’s Expansion

April 1940- Hitler launched a blitzkrieg April 1940- Hitler launched a blitzkrieg against Norway and Denmark.against Norway and Denmark.

Change in British leadershipChange in British leadershipNeville Chamberlain stepped downNeville Chamberlain stepped downKing George VI asked Winston King George VI asked Winston

Churchill to take over as GB’s new Churchill to take over as GB’s new Prime Minister.Prime Minister.

Netherlands, Belgium fell next.Netherlands, Belgium fell next.

DunkirkDunkirk

May 1940- Germans came through May 1940- Germans came through the the ArdennesArdennes Forest to France. Forest to France.

Bypassed the Bypassed the Maginot LineMaginot Line – system – system of fortifications along the of fortifications along the German/French border.German/French border.

British and French troops were British and French troops were trapped! trapped!

DunkirkDunkirk

Dunkirk- port city on the English Dunkirk- port city on the English Channel.Channel.

British sent any and all ships/boats to British sent any and all ships/boats to rescue the trapped soldiers.rescue the trapped soldiers.

Evacuated troops across the Channel Evacuated troops across the Channel to Britain amidst German air raids.to Britain amidst German air raids.

Saved 338,000 soldiers.Saved 338,000 soldiers.

The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France

France surrendered in June 1940.France surrendered in June 1940.

Germans occupied northern Germans occupied northern France; set up a puppet govt in France; set up a puppet govt in the South. “Vichy France”the South. “Vichy France”

Operation Sea LionOperation Sea Lion

The only major power left in Hitler’s The only major power left in Hitler’s way was Britain. way was Britain.

Prior to invading, he launched heavy Prior to invading, he launched heavy air strikes.air strikes.

Aug. 1940 – Daily bombings began.Aug. 1940 – Daily bombings began.Brilliant air battles between the Brilliant air battles between the

Luftwaffe and the RAF.Luftwaffe and the RAF.

The BlitzThe Blitz

Sept 1940-bombings on London Sept 1940-bombings on London began.began.

Cont. for 57 straight nightsCont. for 57 straight nightsBritain refused to surrender!Britain refused to surrender!Londoners hid underground in the Londoners hid underground in the

Subway for shelter.Subway for shelter.Operation Sea Lion failed!Operation Sea Lion failed!

Hitler abandoned the idea of Hitler abandoned the idea of conquering GB for awhile.conquering GB for awhile.

Germany & Italy sent troops to Germany & Italy sent troops to North Africa.North Africa.

GB controlled Egypt, and the Axis GB controlled Egypt, and the Axis Powers wanted access to the oil-Powers wanted access to the oil-rich Middle East.rich Middle East.

Erwin Rommel ~ the Desert FoxErwin Rommel ~ the Desert Fox

Erwin RommelErwin Rommel

Next, Hitler conquered the Balkan Next, Hitler conquered the Balkan nations. nations.

Operation Barbarossa-Operation Barbarossa- Hitler’s Hitler’s plan to invade the Soviet Union.plan to invade the Soviet Union.

He wanted the land and vast He wanted the land and vast resources of this region.resources of this region.

Also wanted to crush communism Also wanted to crush communism and his powerful rival- Stalin.and his powerful rival- Stalin.

Invasion began on June 22, 1941.Invasion began on June 22, 1941.The USSR’s Red Army was not The USSR’s Red Army was not

prepared. As they retreated, they prepared. As they retreated, they burned and destroyed anything burned and destroyed anything useful to the Germans.useful to the Germans.

What’s this policy called?What’s this policy called?By December, temps in the Soviet By December, temps in the Soviet

Union had reached -40 degrees.Union had reached -40 degrees.

LeningradLeningradGerman army had the city German army had the city

surrounded. Hitler tried to starve surrounded. Hitler tried to starve the 2.5 million citizens living there.the 2.5 million citizens living there.

Ate cattle/horse feed, cats, dogs, Ate cattle/horse feed, cats, dogs, crows, rats, and wallpaper to crows, rats, and wallpaper to survive.survive.

Over 1 million people died.Over 1 million people died.