History

Test 2

Chapter 5

Question 1• What English law passed prior to the

American Revolution allowed trials without juries?

Sugar Act

Question 2• Definition: The term referred to the

followers of James II and became the name of a major political party in England. Another name for the Loyalists, those Americans who remained loyal to the British during the Revolutionary War.

Tories

Question 3• Like many of the avoidable wars

fought in human history, the American Revolution was, in large part, due to what characteristic of the warring nations?

Profound misconceptions about the motivations of the

opponent

Question 4• Definition: Author of Common

Sense and other pamphlets, this writer was a recent immigrant from England.

Thomas Paine

Question 5• What was the extent of Spanish

holdings in North America in 1764?

All of Mexico, and from California to the Mississippi

River.

Question 6• Definition: The document, drafted

primarily by Thomas Jefferson, that declared the independence of the thirteen mainland colonies from Great Britain and enumerated the reasons for separating.

Declaration of Independence

Question 7• The battle location outside of Boston

where the British tried to break the siege of that town, and where the rebels were bolstered by captured British cannons hauled in by sled in the snow from Fort Ticonderoga was?

Bunker Hill

Question 8• Definition: American military leader

and frontiersman who led raids on British troops and Native Americans in the West during the Revolutionary War.

George Rogers Clark

Question 9• What was the essence of the strategy

of the British army’s multiple attacks in New York State during 1777?

To divide most of New York from New England and in doing so

divide the rebelling colonies in two.

Question 10• Definition: Signed on September 3,

1783, this treaty established the independence of the United States from Great Britain. It set specific land boundaries and called for the evacuation of British troops.

Treaty of Paris

Chapter 6

Question 11• Following the American Revolution

what statement below would best describe the politics of each state?

Each state was it own little country

Question 12• Definition: The idea of Dr. Benjamin

Rush that nurturing incorruptible future leaders was women’s principal responsibility under the new government.

republican motherhood

Question 13• The law which passed creating five

new states, whose land was sold to help pay national debts was what?

Northwest Ordinance

Question 14• Definition: American diplomat and jurist

who served in the Continental Congress and helped negotiate the treaty which ended the Revolutionary War. He was the first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and negotiated the agreement with Great Britain that became known as the treaty that bears his name.

John Jay

Question 15• What American icon was co-author of

the Declaration of Independence, negotiator in Paris for the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, at the Constitutional Convention he was ailing and in his eighties?

Benjamin Franklin

Question 16• Definition: The revolt in western

Massachusetts in 1786-1787 named for one of its leaders. Their demands included a more responsive state government, paper money, and tender laws that would enable them to settle debts and pay taxes with goods rather than with specie.

Shays’s Rebellion

Question 17• Definition: Written by James Madison,

this plan proposed a powerful central government dominated by a National Legislature of two houses; it also favored a system of greater representation based on state’s population.

Virginia Plan

Question 18• Definition: A plan proposed by a

delegation from Connecticut that established a bicameral Congress with a House of Representatives, based on a state’s population, and the Senate, in which each state would be represented equally.

Great Compromise

Chapter 7

Question 19• Who was George Washington’s Vice

President and the second President of the United States?

John Adams

Question 20• Definition: The first ten amendments to

the U.S. Constitution. These contain basic protection of the rights of individuals from abuses by the federal government, including freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly.

Bill of Rights

Question 21• Definition: Concluded in 1794

between the United States and Great Britain to settle the difficulties arising mainly out of violations of the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and to regulate commerce and navigation.

Jay Treaty

Question 22• Definition: The first bank was

established in 1791 as part of the system proposed by Alexander Hamilton to launch the new government on a sound economic basis.

Bank of the United States

Question 23• Definition: Name given to the episode

in which the French government (the Directory) demanded, through three unnamed agents, that the U.S. government pay a bribe and apologize for criticizing France.

XYZ Affair

Question 24• Definition: American inventor who

developed the first application of steam power in an industrial setting. He also developed a method of automating flour mills that a generation later was a standard in U.S. mills.

Robert Fulton

Question 25• Private merchant ships hired to serve

as a substitute for an American navy, many of whom were pirates.

Privateers

Question 26• Definition: British-born textile pioneer

in America. He oversaw construction of the nation’s first successful water-powered cotton mill.

Samuel Slater

Question 27• The Federalists used their majority in

Congress and hold on the White House, and a wave of partisanship, to pass four laws that threatened free speech and established strict rules for the admission of aliens to citizenship.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 28• Definition: American inventor and

manufacturer whose invention of the cotton gin (1793) revolutionized the cotton industry. He also established the first factory to assemble muskets with interchangeable parts.

Eli Whitney

Question 29• Definition: In the early 1790's western

Pennsylvania farmers resisted paying tax on a type of alcohol drink; they held protest meetings, tarred and feathered collaborators, and destroyed property. In 1794 the Washington administration sent thirteen thousand troops to restore order, but the revolt was over by the time they arrived.

Whiskey Rebellion

Chapter 8

Question 30• Definition: Shawnee leader who

attempted to establish a confederacy to unify Native Americans against white encroachment. He sided with the British in the War of 1812 and was killed at the Battle of the Thames.

Tecumseh

Question 31• What institution determined that

Thomas Jefferson had defeated Aaron Burr for President?

House of Representatives

Question 32• Definition: Federal judicial officials

appointed to office in the closing period of a presidential administration. The Republicans accused Adams of staying awake all night in order to sign these Federalist appointments.

midnight appointments

Question 33• What impact will the Second Great

Awakening have upon education in America?

each denomination created their own schools

Question 34• Definition: American jurist and

politician who served as the chief justices of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801- 1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

John Marshall

Question 35• What amendment to the U.S.

Constitution ended the arrangement where the first place winner in the election became president and the second place became vice president?

12th Amendment

Question 36• Definition: While governor of the

Indiana Territory, he attacked and burned Prophetstown in 1811. The ninth president of the United States (1841), he died of pneumonia after one month in office.

William Henry Harrison

Question 37• From what country (or people) was

the Louisiana Purchase bought?

France

Question 38• Definition: A gathering of Federalists in

1814 that called for significant amendments to the Constitution and attempted to damage the Republican party. The Treaty of Ghent and Andrew Jackson’s victory at New Orleans annulled any recommendation of the meeting.

Hartford Convention

Question 39• What was unique about the Battle of

New Orleans?

The peace treaty ending the war had been signed.

Question 40• Definition: The 7th president of the U.S.

(1829-1837) who, as general in the War of 1812, defeated the Red Sticks at Horsehoe Bend (1814) and the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he denied the right of individual states to nullify federal laws and increase presidential powers.

Andrew Jackson