history of missions lesson 16 modern missionaries, conclusions
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Modern well-known missionaries, conclusions about missionsTRANSCRIPT
Missions History of Missions
Dr. Robert PattonMissionary to Suriname,
South America
Kenneth Strachan & Latin American Mission He changed the direction after the
death of both parents, allowing intermarriage with Latins, Latins in leadership, and all business in Spanish.
He became more ecumenical toward WCC & the Roman Catholics while fighting communism. .
Kenneth Strachan He pushed Evangelism in Depth,
working on mobilizing the local church to reach out.
It persisted after his death from Hodgkins – and also the use of national leadership
Orlando Costas 1942-1987 Born in Puerto Rico, saved in Billy Graham
crusade, trained and eventually returned to Puerto Rico.
Served with LAM in Costa Rico. Turmoil came where he taught; liberation theology was part of the turmoil. He went to school in Holland, then taught in England. He returned to Latin America , then taught missions in the USA
He believed the USA needed the simple gospel
Donald McGavran
Born of missionary parents in India; went to Butler University, influenced by the SVM and went to India as missionary.
He taught there for 20 years, and became especially interested in church growth and mass movements.
He started the Institute of Church Growth
Donald McGavran
He felt that the mission compound fractured Christians into isolated groups who had minimal effect on their families
He wanted people movements, which were resisted by Western missionary emphasis on individual decisions. However many disagreed with his homogonous people groups
Donald McGavran
Ralph and Roberta Winter
Born in 1924, went to Cal Tech, got PhD and theology degree, and went to Guatemala as a missionary.
He taught at Fuller for 10 years, and then started US Center for World Mission with only $100 to rally people to see how to reach 17,000 people groups and establish churches there
Dr. Ralph Winter
Lesslie Newbigin
Born 1909 in England, converted and involved in open air evangelism first there and then in India. He became the first bishop of United Church of South India.
He agreed with nationals reaching others but not in homogenous units
Lesslie Newbigin
Age 70 he started a church in Birmingham reaching the Asians in a rough neighborhood. He preached a gospel against the materialistic culture of England.
Election – focus on God’s goal and responsibility, not the reason for God’s choice
Lesslie Newbigin
Bob Pierce and World Vision He had a very stormy early work and
marriage history, neglecting his wife and daughters.
Finally on a trip for youth in China he saw the needs of orphans and started a humanitarian outreach.
He was extremely effective raising money for hospitals, orphanages, etc.
Bob Pierce and World Vision His family life was a shambles, and he
resigned from World Vision in a rage. He later founded Samaritan’s purse, and he eventually died of leukemia.
Stanley Mooneyham took over, and organized the relief organization properly and it is still effective.
They want to combine help with self-help and Christian evangelism
World Vision
Now the one of the largest relief organizations in the world – total budget is $2.6 billion dollars
World Vision USA headquarters
Bruce Olson
Left home age 19 to evangelize a tribe in Columbia.
He succeeded and translated much of the Bible, helped with health and agriculture, etc. 70% of the tribe is now Christian, reaching 18 other tribes
He was held by guerillas but released after a 9 month captivity
Brother Andrew - Open Doors. He originally survived the Nazis in
Holland, and then was a commando in Indonesia - foolishly brave. He survived being wounded, started reading his Bible, and joined WEC after learning English. While visiting East Europe, he found the lack of Bibles and vowed to bring Bibles there.
He made many trips for 15 years, but after his book was published, no further trips
Bruce Olson – Motilone indians
Brother Andrew - Open Doors. He continued risky smuggling with
God’s help to communist countries The largest smuggling was 200 tons of
Bibles in China to be distributed by 20,000 Christians. The majority were properly distributed though many Christians were arrested.
He continues to speak in his 80s. Open Doors ministers to the persecuted Christians
Brother Andrew
Mother Teresa
Born in Albania 1910 as the youngest of 3, poverty after the death of her father, she went to India as a nun age 19. She taught geography and was eventually headmistress
She had a vision to help the poor, and after 2 years, left the mission with three others.
Mother Teresa
The sisters mixed with the people – not hiding behind doors. Grew to 100 over 3 decades – Missionaries of charity
She did not request funds directly but said people could do something good for God. Soon thousands of sisters and places springing up
She received the Nobel Peace Prize
Mother Teresa and Sisters of Charity
Dr. Helen Roseveare
Born 1925 in England, wealthy family, well educated and received an MD from Cambridge. She became an evangelical, joined WEC, and went to Congo in 1953.
In two years, she established a nursing school at Ibambi. She was moved to another location; set up another school
Dr. Helen Roseveare Had problems with role in terms of
relationships with other missionaries. The mission put Dr. Harris over her to hold her down and he took over “her” hospital.
She wanted to get married, went back to England after 5 years.
She returned to Congo in 1960 and insisted on staying during evacuations.
Dr. Helen Roseveare She was captured and brutally raped by
Simba soldiers in 1964 and held captive for 5 months.
She returned on 1966-1973, but nationalism created many problems for her. She had no authority as a teacher and clashed with students who resented her high standards.
She ended up being a much sought Christian statesman with great humility and spirituality
Dr. Helen Roseveare
Jackie Pullinger
Worked with poor in Hong Kong. She left England and worked with a mission group in the worst part of the city – teaching English, music. She attributes success to speaking in tongues
Eventually the walled city was destroyed and a park placed there, but the ministry spread elsewhere
Jackie Pullinger
Don Richardson
Don Richardson - he wrote Peace Child and Lords of the Earth. He has promoted the Redemptive Analogy. Trained in Prairie Bible Institute. Worked with his wife under Regions Beyond Missionary Union. He worked with the Sawi, headhunters and cannibals who idealized treachery.
Don Richardson
Language learning was a great challenge.
He finally saw peace come between 3 villages when they exchanged children
Richardson’s books
Don Richardson
Nationalism since WWII Hastened the indigenous church
movement The missionary becomes a coworker
and/or servant of the church Exposed the tension between national
workers and the missionary The genuineness of the national
churches was tested The image of Christianity was de-
westernized
Communism Communists took over eastern Europe,
China, much of southeastern asia Communists have generally tried to
destroy the church. But actually the church may have done better under Communist repression in the east than governmental support in the west
In China, the communists released the Chinese from the bonds of ancestor worship, which may have actually made them more receptive to the gospel
Resurgence of ancient religions
Shinto sects are pushing back Muslims are aggressive Also some Hindu and Buddhists are
active and aggressive, persecuting Christians
Transitions in Protestantism
The liberals and neo-evangelicals have highjacked the missions movement to become the social gospel
Many are leaving missions, but infected the churches overseas with liberalism The number has dropped to 10,000
missionaries, and now under 2000
Catholicism has been fragmented
First they violently opposed the protestant churches
Now they are infected with evolution & liberalism, which has developed into Liberation theology - violent overthrow of the government, especially in Latin America
Pentecostal and charismatic explosion Charismatics are overflow of
Pentecostalism into mainline denominations, as well as the Roman Catholic church, which may be the largest group .They are aggressive in evangelism .They meet the practical need where
it is Fastest growing group in Latin and
South America
Missionary trends
Postwar surge has occurred, including now 6700 missionaries in Europe .There are a large number of short-
termers as well, with stable or slowly dropping number of full time missionaries
Evangelical missionaries have grown to 48,000, while ecumenical ones have shrunk to less than 2000
Missionary trends Missionary attitudes
Allowing nationals to do more, and trusting the Holy Spirit in the nationals to develop them
There is a divided attitude about Pentecostals
.2/3 world missionaries - 10x as many as 1960, now 60,000, esp. Korea, India & Nigeria
Missionary trends
“2/3 world missionaries” 10x as many as 1960, now 60,000, Korea, India & Nigeria are leading the
way We anticipate that they will
overtake the west in sending out missionaries