history of medicine introduction to health science and technology
TRANSCRIPT
History of MedicineHistory of Medicine
Introduction to Health Scienceand Technology
ObjectivesObjectives• Students will be able to identify key
historical events in the science of medicine. • Students will be able to identify similarities
and differences of medicine in history and medicine today.
• Students will find a person in history from a country of their ancestors that contributed to medicine in some way and put it on the time line developed as a class.
Write-Pair-ShareWrite-Pair-Share• Why do we study history?
• What is it about history that helps us today?
• Why is the history of medicine important for us who want to go into the medical field?
18th CenturyR e ne La e nn ec
B e n jam in Fra n k linE d w ard Jen n er
Dark and Middle Ages(4 0 0 -1 4 0 0 A D )
N o M ed ica l S c ie n cefo r 10 0 0 ye a rs
R o be rt K o chW ilhe lm R o e ntg en
F lo ren ce N ig h tin g a le
19th CenturyIg n a s S e m m e lw e iss
L o u is P as te urJo sep h L is te r
The Renaissance(1 4 0 0-1 6 50 A D )
R e b irth o f S cie n ceM e d ica l S ch o o ls
Jo n a s S a lkA lfred S a b in
B a nd in g & B e stD r. Ja rv ik
20th CenturyC la ra B a rton
S ig m u nd Fre udA le xan d er F lem ing
16th and 17th CenturiesL e on a rdo da V in ci
W illia m H a rve yA n to n van Le e uw en ho ek
EgyptiansH e a lth R e co rds
M e d ic in esS p lin te d fra ctu res
Primitive TimesPrimitive Times• Used tribal Witchdoctors to cure
disease
• Trepanning – drilling holes in the head - was often used to help release evil spirits from the sick person.
• Herbs and Plants were used as medicine.
The The EgyptianEgyptian People People
• Earliest people to keep health records
• Identified diseases
The Egyptian PeopleThe Egyptian People
• Used Medicine to heal (Herbs and Plants)
• Splinted fractures
The Greek PeopleThe Greek People• Study causes of disease• Aristotle began
comparative Anatomy
• Alcmaeon – Theorized Brain was the seat of understanding
• Herbs and Plants used for healing
• Hippocrates– The “Father of
Medicine”– Hippocratic Oath
• “Code of Ethics”
Ancient RomansAncient Romans• First to provide
medical care for soldiers during battle
• Early hospitals – usually in the homes of doctors.
• First to create a public health part of government and develop sanitation systems.
• Herbal remedies used
Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)• Study of medicine stopped for over
1000 years.• Medicine practiced in monasteries and
convents.• First medical school opened toward the
end of the middle ages• Rhazes – invented suturing to close
wounds
Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)
• Used herbal medicine
Plagues and Epidemics during the dark agesPlagues and Epidemics during the dark ages
• Bubonic Plague
The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• Rebirth of Science
– Medical schools– Study of the body by
dissection– Leonardo da Vinci –
Created many inventions and studied and created anatomical drawings.
– Vesalius – Wrote first Anatomy book
The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• Invention of the Printing Press
made books available to study.
Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance
16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• Leonardo da Vinci – continued influence
– Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.
16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• William Harvey
– Pumping heart and circulation.
16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– Invented the microscope
17th Century17th Century• Rene Laennec– Invented the stethoscope
More Illness...More Illness...• Smallpox• Tuberculosis• Cholera• Influenza• Diphtheria• Whooping
Cough• Mountain Fever
17th Century17th Century
• Benjamin Franklin…– Invented bifocals
because he had trouble seeing.
– Electricity– Many more
inventions
17th Century17th Century• Edward Jenner
– Vaccination for smallpox
18th Century18th Century• Joseph Lister
– The first doctor to use antiseptic during an operation to prevent infection.
18th Century18th Century• Ignas Semmelweiss
– Cause of childhood fever– Instituted hand washing– Died from a cut he received during an
autopsy.
18th Century18th Century• Louis Pasteur
– Microorganisms cause disease.
18th Century18th Century• Robert Koch
• The ‘Father of Microbiology”
18th Century18th Century• Wilhelm Roentgen
– Discovered x-rays
19th Century19th Century• Florence Nightingale
– First school of nursing– Made nursing an honorable profession
19th Century19th Century• Sigmund Freud
– His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry
19th Century19th Century• Clara Barton
– Established the American Red Cross
20th Century20th Century• Alexander Fleming
– Discovered Penicillin
20th Century20th Century• Jonas Salk
– Discovered a ‘killed’ polio virus vaccine
Other DiscoveriesOther Discoveries
• Alfred Sabin– Live polio vaccine
• Dr. Jarvik– Artificial heart
• Dr. Divecci– First Heart Transplant
• Europe in 20th Century– First ‘test tube’ baby
Other Discoveries..Other Discoveries..• First EKG Machine
Not the end…only the beginning!Not the end…only the beginning!
• You are the future!