Camera: Through the yearsA presentation about the history and evolution of camera

Camera is a lightproof object, with a lens, that captures incoming light and directs the light and resulting the images towards film or imaging device.

History of Camera

All camera technology is based on the law of optics.

• The first pinhole camera was invented by Alhazen in 1500’s.

In 1558, Giovanni battista dela Porta describes the use of a lens instead of a pinhole in the camera obscura.

Robert Boyle and his assistant Robert Hooke built the first portable camera obscura in 1660’s.

View from the Window at Le Gras is the first permanent image created by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1829.

The birth of Modern Photography

Louis Daguerre was the inventor of the first practical process of photography. In 1829, he formed partnership with Niepce.It was announced by the French Academy of Sciences.

Charles Chevalier construct the first folding-daguerreotype camera in 1840.

The negative to positive process

The inventor of first negative from which multiple prints were made was Henry Fox Talbot. In 1841, he perfected this paper-negative and called in calotype.

The wet collodion film process was invented by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851.

In mid 1550’s, bellowed cameras are introduced to allow movement and flexibility that the rigid designs did not allow.

Tintypes film are patented in 1856 by Hamilton Smith.

The first underwater photograph was taken by William Thompson in 1856 using a watertight box.

In 1859, the first panoramic camera was patented by Thomas Sutton who happened to develop the first true mirror single-lens reflex camera in 1960’s.

In 1878, Frederick Charles Luther Wratten invented the “noodling process” of silver-bromide gelatin emulsion before washing. Wratten is best known for the photographic filters that he invented and are still named after him

Flashlight powder was invented in Germany in 1887 by Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke.

In 1888, George Eastman patents Kodak roll-film camera.

In 1900, First mass-marketed camera – the Brownie (Left) was presented by Eastman. It was on sale until 1960s.

Also in 1900, the Raisecamera or travel camera was invented.

In 1906, Wratten invnted and produced the first panchromatic plates in England.

Oskar Barnack had the idea of reducing the format of film negatives then enlarging the photographs after they had been exposed. He did some experiments and turned it into the world’s first 35mm Camera known as the Ur-Leica in 1913.

In 1914, The George Eastman Company produces the first autographic roll-film.

By the late 1920’s, medium-format roll film was created. This led to the development of the twin reflex camera in 1929.

The first modern photoflash bulb was invented by Paul Vierkotter. The first commercially available was patented by Johannes Ostermeier in 1930.

Kine introduces the Exakta, the world first 35 mm SLR.

In 1942, First analog CCTV cameras installed. Eng. Walter Bruch was responsible for this.

In 1947, Edwin H. Land creates the Polaroid camera. The first Polaroid camera was sold to the public in November 1948.

In 1949, the first disposable cardboard camera was built by Photo-Pac.

In 1961, Eugene F. Sally patented film-less digital camera.

Kodak introduces Nikon F, a 35-mm SLR in 1959, and Kodak Instamatic in 1963.

In 1978, Konica introduces the first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera. The Konica Jasupin C35 AF.

Steven J. Sasson invented the first digital camera in 1975.

In 1981, the Sony demonstrates the Sony Mavica – the world’s first digital electronic still camera.

In 1985, Konica Minolta releases the Maxxum 700 AF SLR.

In 1986, Kodak invented the world’s first megapixel sensor, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels.

In 1986, Fuji introduced the disposable camera. The inventors called this device “single-use cameras”

In 1987, the first camera of the popular Canon EOS series is developed.

In 1990, Kodak developed the Photo CD system.

In 1991, Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS) which was of a great use for photojournalists.

In 1994-1996, the first digital cameras for the consumer level market were Apple QuickTake 100, Kodak DC40, Casio QV-11, and Sony Cyber-Shot Digital Still Camera.

In 2000, In Japan Sharp’s J-SH04 introduced the world’s first camera phone

In 2005, The Canon EOS 5D is launched. This is first consumer-priced full-frame digital SLR with a 24x36mm CMOS sensor.

Motion Pictures

1650’s – Magic lantern- used glass suede with images which were projected

1832 – Stroboscope- invented by Simon Ritter von Stampfer of Vienna. It has drawings from rim of a disc viewed through the slits,

1867 – The US that showed animated pictures or movies was a device called “wheel of life” by William Lincoln

1879 – Zoopraxiscope- made by Eadweard Maybridge

1888 - “Roundhay Garden Scene”- oldest existing film by Louis Aime Augustin Le Prince.

1891 – Kinetoscope by Edison Company is the first Motion Picture camera

1895 – First motion picture camera by Louis Lumiere called cinematographe.

1896 – fantasy, sci-fi, horror, and dark comedy put to cinema by Me Lies

1896 – improved into vitascope projector, the first commercially, succesful, projector in the US.

1903 – “The Great train Robbery” by Edwi S. Porter is the first blockbuster film.

1908 – Actor-screenwriter David Wark Griffith began making one-reel films for bigraph.

1934 – Bell & Howell invented the first light weight 8mm movie camera.

1965 – Kodak releases the first Super 8 Camera.

1983 – Sony released the first camcorder.

Types of Camera

The Single-Use Camera

Single-use cameras are the simplest cameras.

• Contains a roll of color film encased in a recyclable cardboard box

• Has single shutter speed and a fixed-focus lens• It has built-in flash and water resistance

Compact Lens-Shutter Cameras

Compact Lens-Shutter Cameras come in three varieties:

• Single focal length• Dual focal length• And Zoom.

Bridge Cameras

Bridge Cameras

• Intermediate cameras• Bridge the gap between point and shoot cameras and the

more serious models.• Have different lenses• Offers red-eye reducing flash• Limited range of lens focal length

Range Finders

Range finders camera are

• Compact• Lightweight• Used for serious photography• Offers interchangeable lenses• Allows photographer to control shutter speed, lens

aperture, focusing and exposure.

Twin Lens Reflex

Twin lens reflex is a medium-format camera.

• Fitted with two lenses

Single Lens Reflex

SLR is a sophisticated camera

• Requires one lens for both viewing and creating a photo.• Offers full manual control of exposure and focus.• Accepts interchangeable lenses, add on flashes, motor

drives and other accessories.• Also has AF SLR’s

Camera Parts

Lens – it draws the light into the camera and focuses it on the film

plane.

Shutter – It open and closes to control the length of time light strikes the film. There are two types of shutters: A leaf shutter and a focal plane shutter.

Shutter release – the button that release or trips the shutter mechanism

Aperture – it dilates and contracts to control the diameter of the hole that the light passes though, to let in more or less light

Film advance lever or knob – Transports the film from one frame to the next on the roll

of film.

Viewfinder – the window through which you look to frame your picture.

Film rewind knob – this knob rewinds the film back into the film cassette.

Camera body – the casing of the camera which holds and encloses other camera parts.

Flash shoe – this is the point at which the flash or flash cube is mounted or attached.

Self-timer – this mechanism trips the shutter after a short delay allowing everyone to be in photograph.

Shutter speed control – this know controls the length of time the shutter remains open.

Camera: Through the yearsA presentation about the history and evolution of camera

Presented by:Punongbayan, EilaineBonife, Leo GenghisTabernilla, JeromeBMC-PR

Presented to:Professor Gabot