hinduism presentation
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Rise of HinduismTRANSCRIPT
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Hinduism
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Origins of the Hindu Faith• The earliest records of Hinduism are Aryan - The Aryans brought their spoken language of
Sanskrit to India with them - This language evolved into written form - Aryans also brought a rich collection of myths
(tales of their many gods they believed controlled the forces of nature)
- Aryan priests memorized long poems and hymns suited to different religious rituals
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- These hymns, poems, and rituals were gathered into four collections called Vedas- The Vedas record Indian history from about 1500 to 500 BC---a time period called the Vedic Age
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- The oldest and most important Veda is the
Rig-Veda
- It includes 1,028 hymns of praise
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• Around 400 BC, the wisest Hindu teachers tried to interpret and explain the hidden meanings of the Vedic hymns and rituals• Their answers were recorded in a collection of essays called the Upanishads.
Upanishads
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• A universal spirit is present within all living things—Brahman. This is thought to be the mighty spirit that creates and destroys life – The Brahman is One but expresses itself
as Many– Everything in nature is tied together by
Brahman– Because all living things are considered a
part of Brahman, Hindus forbade the killing of animals
The Upanishads teach that….
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•One aspect of Brahman is the Self, or the Soul, called Atman– The Atman is everywhere,
though you can’t see it
• Nothing that lives ever dies entirely – When a living thing dies, it
is reborn in another form---a process known as reincarnation
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• All wise Hindus must seek to reach a state of perfect understanding called moksha. At this point the self will disappear and merge with Brahman
• The authors of the Upanishads taught that forms of self denial—such as fasting, helped achieve union with Brahman.
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• Also, they encouraged the practice of yoga—which combines physical and mental exercises to reach a state of tranquility
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• Hinduism includes a complicated set of divisions between groups of people known as the caste system
- Consists of many varnas, or classes
- According to the Rig-Veda, four different groups of people were created from the body of a Hindu god
Caste System
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• Created from the god’s mouth---they became the priestly class and the highest group in Indian society
Brahmin (Not to be confused with Brahman!)
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• Created from the god’s arms---they became the rulers and the warriors
Kshatriyas
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• Created from the god’s legs---they became the landowners, merchants, artisans, and herders
Vaishyas
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• Created from the god’s feet---they became the laborers, farm workers, and servants
Shudras
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-The lowest “caste” of untouchables- People who performed jobs considered unclean
Pariahs
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-Over time, these divisions became more and more defined - Hundreds of sub-castes formed based on occupation within each of the four castes
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• A person’s caste was based on birth– born into the same caste as parents - Determined occupation, spouse, dress, etc. - Purity (the meaning of castes) became key to
ranking castes---the higher your caste, the purer you were and to associate with someone from a lower class risked contamination to your purity
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• Is the caste system explicitly a religious part of the Hindu religion???? No!• HOWEVER, Hinduism played a large part in
maintaining the rigid structure - Cycle of birth and reincarnation - Actions in this life determines your fate when
born again - If faithful and dutiful in this life, you will have
a better fate in the next life - In a previous life, Brahmins had committed no
bad deeds while untouchables had
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• To earn good rebirth a person had to be a good member of his or her caste- Each caste had its particular
duty or set of obligations called dharma
- The individual’s wishes did not matter - It was better to do your duty
badly than to do someone else’s duty well
Dharma
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• Hindus believed in an ethical law of cause and effect called karma - Moral behavior in one life guaranteed
rebirth in a higher caste- Immoral behavior automatically dropped
a reborn soul to a lower caste
Karma
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• Hindus believed in an ethical law of cause and effect called karma - Moral behavior in one life guaranteed
rebirth in a higher caste- Immoral behavior automatically dropped
a reborn soul to a lower caste