high fives
DESCRIPTION
High Fives. Vinny Hageman Cory Sonderschafer. History . Originated in African-American urban culture as a greeting Gained popularity around 1980 in sports (baseball and basketball) for use as a congratulations Went mainstream in 80’s - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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High FivesVinny Hageman
Cory Sonderschafer
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History • Originated in African-
American urban culture as a greeting
• Gained popularity around 1980 in sports (baseball and basketball) for use as a congratulations
• Went mainstream in 80’s• Now a worldwide gesture
used for congratulations, celebration, greeting, etc.
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Description
• Wanted to find out how strangers would respond to us offering them a high five
• Wanted to further explore their responses by comparing:– How males react to how
females react– How people react to
someone in casual attire to how they react to someone in Flyers attire
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Procedure• Collected our data by offering high fives to every third person and recording
their response (high five or no high five) and their gender– Cory – casual attire, “hey high five,” went first– Vinny – Flyers attire, “let’s go Flyers,” went second
• Did this in Montgomery Mall, Valley Square Shopping Center, and Doylestown (Main Street, State Street, and Court Street)
• Tests of significance: – 1 Proportion Z Test on proportion of people who DID high five
• Ho: p0 =.2• Ha: p0 >.2
– 2 Proportion Z Test on proportion of males who DID high five vs. females who DID high five
• Ho: pmale = pfemale
• Ha: pmale > pfemale
– 2 Proportion Z Test on proportion of people who high fived Cory in a casual shirt vs. Vinny in a Flyers shirt
• Ho: pregular = pflyers
• Ha: pregular < pflyers
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Montgomery Mall• Majority of females responded with no high five
– Same for casual and Flyers• Majority of males responded with a high five for Flyers
– Opposite for casual• Males responded with a high five more than females
– Same for casual and Flyers
Yes
No
Yes
NoCa
sual
Flye
rs
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Montgomery Mall
FemaleMale
Montgomery MallCasual FlyersYes No Yes No
Male 5 7 11 3Female 4 9 4 6
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Valley Square
• Majority of females responded with a high five– Same for casual and flyers
• Majority of males responded with a high five for Flyers– Opposite for casual
• Males responded with a high five more than females for Flyers– Opposite for casual
Yes
No
Yes
No
Casu
alFl
yers
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Valley Square
FemaleMale
Valley SquareCasual FlyersYes No Yes No
Male 6 4 8 2Female 4 12 5 9
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Doylestown • Majority of females responded with no high five
– Same for casual and Flyers• Majority of males responded with a high five
– Same for casual and Flyers• Males responded with a high five more than females
– Same for casual and Flyers
Yes
No
Yes
No
Casu
alFl
yers
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Doylestown
FemaleMale
DoylestownCasual FlyersYes No Yes No
Male 5 6 11 1Female 7 5 8 6
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Analysis
• Majority of females in Doylestown and in Montgomery Mall responded with no high five– Female patterns were always same for casual and
flyers• Majority of males everywhere responded with
a high five for Flyers• Majority of males in Montgomery Mall and in
Valley Square responded with no high five for casual
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Conclusions
• If you are a white, average-looking young man in Greater Philadelphia Region (specifically Bucks County/Montgomery County)…– Majority of females will not high five you– Majority of males will not high five you…
• UNLESS you are obviously a Flyers fan!
• Males in Doylestown are most friendly to strangers– Females are least friendly
• Females in Valley Square are most friendly to strangers
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Test #1: 1 Proportion Z Test
Assumptions:
State:1. SRS2. n0 p0 ≥ 10
n0(1 − p0) ≥ 103. pop ≥ 10n
Check:1. Assumed2. 148*.53 = 78.44 ≥ 10
148*.47 = 69.56 ≥ 103. Passed
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Test #1: 1 Proportion Z Test
P (z ≥ 9.946) < 0.0001
= 9.946
We reject Ho because p-value is < α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of people who responded with a high five is greater than .20.
Test of Total High Fives Test Proportion
Attribute (categorical): Total
Attribute: Total78 out of 148, or 0.527027, are 1 Alternative hypothesis: The population proportion for 1 is greater than 0.2 .
The test statistic, z, is 9.946.
If it w ere true that the population proportion of 1 w ere equal to 0.2 (the null hypothesis), and the sampling process w ere performed repeatedly, the probability of getting a z value this great or greater w ould be < 0.0001.
Note: This probability w as computed using the normal approximation.
Ho: p0 =.2Ha: p0 >.2
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Test #1 Chart
53%
47%
TotalTotal Yes Total No
•Percentage of people who responded with a high five is higher than those who responded with no high five
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Test #2: 2 Proportion Z Test
Assumptions:
State:1. 2 independent SRS2. n1 p1 ≥ 10
n1(1 − p1) ≥ 10n2 p2 ≥ 10 n2(1 − p2) ≥ 10
3. pop1 ≥ 10n pop2 ≥ 10n
Check:1. Assumed2. 69*.67 = 46.23 ≥ 10
69*.33 = 22.77 ≥ 1079*.41 = 32.39 ≥ 1079*.59 = 46.61 ≥ 10
3. Passed
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Test #2: 2 Proportion Z Test
P (z ≥ 3.18) = 0.00074
= 3.18
We reject Ho because p-value is < α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of males who responded with a high five is greater than the proportion of females who responded with a high five.
Test of Male vs. Female Yes PropCompare Proportions
Attribute (categorical): Male
Attribute (categorical or grouping): Female
In Male 46 out of 69, or 0.666667, are 1 In Female 32 out of 79, or 0.405063, are 1 Alternative hypothesis: The population proportion for 1 in Male is greater than that for 1 in Female
The test statistic, z, is 3.18.
If it w ere true that the tw o population proportions w ere equal (the null hypothesis), and the sampling process w ere performed repeatedly, the probabilityof getting a value of z this great or greater w ould be 0.00074. Note: This probability w as computed using the normal approximation.
Ho: pmale = pfemale
Ha: pmale > pfemale
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Test #2 Graph
Male
Female
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male vs. Female
Yes No
•Percentage of males who responded with a high five is higher than the percentage of females who responded with a high five
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Test #3: 2 Proportion Z Test
Assumptions:
State:1. 2 independent SRS2. n1 p1 ≥ 10
n1(1 − p1) ≥ 10n2 p2 ≥ 10 n2(1 − p2) ≥ 10
3. pop1 ≥ 10n pop2 ≥ 10n
Check:1. Assumed2. 74*.42 = 31.08 ≥ 10
74*.58 = 42.92 ≥ 1074*.64 = 47.36 ≥ 1074*.36 = 26.64 ≥ 10
3. Passed
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Test #3: 2 Proportion Z Test
P (z ≤ -2.634) = 0.0042
= -2.634
We reject Ho because p-value is < α = .05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of people who responded with a high five to someone in Flyers attire is greater than the proportion of people who responded with a high five to someone in casual attire.
Test of Casual vs. Flyers Yes PropCompare Proportions
Attribute (categorical): Casual
Attribute (categorical or grouping): Flyers
In Casual 31 out of 74, or 0.418919, are 1 In Flyers 47 out of 74, or 0.635135, are 1 Alternative hypothesis: The population proportion for 1 in Casual is less than that for 1 in Flyers
The test statistic, z, is -2.634.
If it w ere true that the tw o population proportions w ere equal (the null hypothesis), and the sampling process w ere performed repeatedly, the probability of getting a value of z this small or smaller w ould be 0.0042. Note: This probability w as computed using the normal approximation.
Ho: pregular = pflyers
Ha: pregular < pflyers
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Test #3 Graph
Casual
Flyers
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Casual vs. Flyers
Yes No
•Percentage of people who to responded with a high five to someone in Flyers attire is higher than percentage of people who responded with a high five to someone in casual attire
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Conclusions (Inf.)
• More than half of all people in Greater Philadelphia Area (Bucks County and Montgomery County specifically) will respond to the offer of a high five with a high five
• Males in this area are more likely to respond with a high five than females
• People in this area are more likely to respond to someone in a Flyers shirt with a high five than someone in casual attire
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Application
• 53% of all people responded with a high five• Knowing this, we are now more likely to offer a
high five to a stranger– Greater than 50% chance that they will accept– Why would we do this?
• It’s fun• It’s an easy way to meet friendly people
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Sources of Bias/Error
• Weather - more people would have been outside (Doylestown, Valley Square) if it was nicer out
• Odor- some areas smelled bad (Valley Square next to DSW) causing people not to be there
• Mood - someone would have been more inclined to respond with a high five if they were in a good mood
• Already saw us doing work – people would have been more inclined to respond with a high five if they knew what we wanted ahead of time (or less inclined if they’re jerks)
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Sources of Bias/Error (Cont.)
• Age – children were reluctant to high five us (probably because of a “don’t talk to strangers” mentality)
• Group – people with SO’s/families seemed more hesitant than individuals
• Two different people collecting data – people could be more/less inclined to high five us for personal reasons (our appearances, etc.)
• Fans of a rival team/city – would have been less inclined to high five Vinny
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Sources of Bias/Error (Cont.)• Flyers were in Stanley Cup Finals during data collection –
caused fans to be “flyered up” and therefore more likely to high five Vinny
• Flyers played later that night – fans would have been more likely to high five Vinny
• Outcome of Flyers game night before– fans could have been more/less likely to high five Vinny depending on if they won/lost night before (depends on the type of fan)
• Recording same person more than once – repeats were more likely to respond with a high five again
• Knowing someone – acquaintances were more likely to respond with a high five than a stranger
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Personal Opinion
• Results could be more accurate– Remove sources of error
• Go places…– Big enough to not have any repeats– Far away enough from home to not know anyone
• Have one person only collect data (change into Flyers shirt) and other only record data
• Just wouldn’t be as much fun if we changed it– We actually had a good time with this project– Collecting data was enjoyable
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Activity Introduction• Some people gave sloppy
high fives– Weak effort– Resulted in near misses
• Can be embarrassing for both parties
• People need instruction…
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Activity
Perfect High Five Technique
1. Turn to your neighbor2. Stare at their elbow3. High five them repeatedly
Works every time!
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FIN