High Cholesterol

Keep it Out of the Blood!!!

By: LANCY FERNANDESHSEM

Overview of Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a type of FAT (LIPID), found in the blood and body cells. It is carried in the blood attached to a protein in the form of : LDL ,HDL & VLDL.

It is Essential for many VITAL body functions: Formation & Maintenance of cell membranes Formation of several Hormones Production of bile salts which help digest food. Conversion into Vitamin D in the skin when exposed to

sunlight.

85% of cholesterol is ENDOGENOUS (Liver), 15% from DIET (Dietary Cholesterol)

Cholesterol+

Triglycerides

Lipoproteins

VLDL

HDL LDL

LDH and HDL are forms in which fat and cholesterol get

transported in the blood

HDLgood

LDLbad

Why is Cholesterol Control important?

It is ONE of the MAJOR RISK FACTORS for Heart Disease.

High Cholesterol & other fats in the blood can lead to heart disease & Stroke.

It causes a condition Called “Atherosclerosis” i.e. Narrowing & Hardening of the arteries that supply the: – Heart , Brain, & Other organs

LDL

LDL

The problem with cholesterol happens

when special cells catch LDL and deposit the

cholesterol out of it in the walls of the blood

vessels. This is called ARTHEROSCLEROSIS.

Too much Cholesterol Results in !! ??

LDL

LDL

HDL HELP

HDL

HDL usually collects the bad cholesterol and takes it back to

the liver. That is why HDL is known as “good cholesterol.”

An easy way to remember that HDL is good H=Help, since

HDL helps collect bad cholesterol and, therefore, helps prevent heart attack.

What a blessing!!

Overview of the Artery

How is high Cholesterol detected?

1.Total Cholesterol (Non fasting) Your total cholesterol level is the total amount of cholesterol in your blood.

2.Lipid profile (Lipoprotein Analysis):i. Total cholesterolii. HDL Cholesterol iii. LDL Cholesterol iv. Triglycerides.

A lipid profile requires you to fast for 12 hours before the test. This test, which most doctors use to help determine your risk for problems

There are two types of Blood tests that determines High Cholesterol:

What is HIGH Cholesterol

Total Cholesterol Levels LDL Cholesterol Levels

6.2 mmol/L or more is High Cholesterol

& it means you are at increased risk for heart disease.

4.1 mmol/L or more you are at higher risk

for heart disease

Recommended level of Total Cholesterol

High Risk Borderline Desirable

Total Cholesterol >6.2 5.2 – 6.2 <5.2

LDL - Chol >4.1 3.4 – 4.1 <3.4

HDL- Chol <0.9 0.9 – 1.55 >1.56

Greater than Normal values Very high cholesterol and triglyceride levels may

mean you have An inherited form of high cholesterol

(hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia).

High cholesterol levels may also be related to other conditions, such as

DiabetesHypothyroidismKidney or Liver disease.

HDL cholesterol levels greater than 1.56 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) can help protect a person from developing coronary artery disease and Stroke. (Negative Risk Factor)

Lower than Normal values

Unusually low cholesterol levels may indicate Liver disease (Cirrhosis or Hepatitis),

Malnutrition

Hyperthyroidism

HDL cholesterol levels lower than 1.04 mmol/L (<40 mg/dL) increase a person's risk of developing coronary artery disease, especially in people who also have high total cholesterol levels.

Coronary Heart Disease &

Diabetes< 2.6 mmol/L

Multiple (2+) risk factors < 3.4 mmol/L

Zero to one risk factor

Risk Category LDL- GOAL

< 4.1 mmol/L

Three RISK Categories

Risk Factors of High Cholesterol A Family History Age Gender Diet Cigarette Smoking Obesity Medical Conditions: Diabetes, High BP Stress

PDO Medical LaboratoryCholesterol Estimations

Jan – Sept. 2003

Total Cholesterol analysed in PDO Lab

0

200

400

600

800

No. of Tests

MAF North South

Total Cholesterol Estimations in PDO Clinics Jan to Sep 2003

High Cholesterol in PDO

High Cholesterol detected - Jan to Sep 2003

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep

Tota

l No.

High Cholesterol by Age

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

30's 40's 50's

High Cholesterol by Gender

High Cholesterol detected - Jan to Sep 2003

0

5

10

15

20

25

Male Female

LDL Cholesterol Estimations

LDL Cholesterol in PDO clinics - Jan to Sep 2003

14%8%

78%

MAF North South

High LDL Cholesterol Detected– Jan to Aug 2003 -

05

101520253035

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug

High LDL estimations in 2003

High LDL Cholesterol Detected– Jan to Aug 2003 -

05

10

152025

3035

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug

LDL Cholesterol in 2003

Cases M F

High LDL Cholesterol Detected – Jan to Aug 2003 -

0102030405060

20-30 >30 - 40 >40 -50 >50

Years

High LDL Cholesterol Cases by Age

High LDL Cholesterol by Ethnicity – Jan to Aug 2003 -

0

20

40

60

80

100

Omani Expatriates

High LDL Cholesterol Cases by Nationality

Steps to Prevent High Cholesterol

Quit Smoking Reduce Excess Weight Increase Physical Activity Maintain Normal Blood pressure Control Diabetes, Hypothyroidism Modify Diet

Tips for Eating smart Limit saturated fats, like dairy fats (in ice cream and butter),

palm and coconut oil (in baked goods) and Red meat and meat products.

Limit high-cholesterol foods, like egg yolks, organ meats (such as liver) and shellfish.

Choose lean cuts when you eat beef and lamb. Also eat smaller portions.

Eat more fruits and vegetables. Eat a variety of fibre-rich foods, like oats, dark breads and

apples. Eat more boiled or grilled fish and skinless chicken breasts. Avoid fried foods. Choose low-fat or non-fat dairy products.

Food intake

Physicalactivity

-

+

Weight gain results from food intake being greater than physical activity

Balancing the Equation

Food intake

Physicalactivity

- +

Weight loss results from food intake being less than physical activity

Balancing the Equation

Food intake

Physicalactivity

Weight maintenance occurs from food intake equaling physical activity

Balancing the Equation

Beware - LDL cholesterol !

The main goal of checking your lipid profile is to determine your LDL ("bad") cholesterol.

Your LDL measurement is very important because: Your LDL level helps your doctor determine if you are at risk for

heart disease. Having a high LDL cholesterol level increases your risk of having a heart attack.

Lowering your LDL level reduces your risk for having a heart attack. Elevated LDL cholesterol is the primary target of Treatment

(Cholesterol-lowering therapy).

LDL value is also used to determine the most effective treatment approach:Lifestyle Changes. Medication, or both.

Its time for you to enjoy your Lunch

“Cholesterol-Free”