high availability og virtualisering, ibm power event

© 2012 IBM Corporation

High Availability Considerations IBM i

IBM Power Systems

Erik RexCert Consultant SpecialistIBM Danmark [email protected]

© 2012 IBM Corporation2

Downtime

Source: IBM HA Presentation, Eric Hess, April 2001

Causes Of Downtime Solution Required

�

�

* ‘HA’ generally refers to solutions that provide BOTH recovery and availability. Not all technologies provide a solution for BOTH…iTera 5.0 HA does

Downtime refers to a period of time or a percentage of a time span that a machine or system (usually a computer server) is offline or not functioning, usually as a result of either system failure (such as a crash or routine maintenance.

Reliability is not the same as Availability!

DisasterRecovery

High

Availability

(ContinuousOperations)


Business Continuity is:

� Capability of a business to withstand outages and operate mission critical services normally and without interruption per a pre-defined Service Level Agreement– Solution must address data, operational environment, applications,

the application hosting environment, and the end user interface

– Requires a collection of services, software, hardware, and procedures to be selected, described in a documented plan, implemented, andpracticed regularly

� Includes both Disaster Recovery (DR) and High Availability (HA)– DR addresses the set of resources, plans, services and procedures to

recover and resume mission critical applications at a remote site in the event of a disaster

– HA defined as the ability to withstand all outages (planned, unplanned, and disasters) and to provide continuous processing for all mission critical applications


What is a Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

� General:

– Contractual service commitment.

– A document that describes the minimum performance criteria a provider promises to meet while delivering a service.

– Typically also sets out the remedial action and any penalties that will take

effect if performance falls below the promised standard.

� Relative to Availability:

– Commitment to the business describing the level of availability for IT services

that support critical business solutions.

– Addresses when IT services are expected to be fully operational, when they

may be running degraded, and when they won’t be available

– Driven primarily be importance of IT services in providing business solutions, cost factors, and realism.

� Many factors involved


Application Resilience

Fully transparent• Full resilience with automatic restart & transparent failover• Users repositioned to last committed transaction• No data loss, no sign-on required, no perceived loss of server;

only delay in response

Semi-transparent:• Automatic application restart & recovery to last transaction boundary• The resilient data & the application restart point match exactly

Semi-automatic: • Automatic application restart & recovery to some architected

application “restart” point• Normally consistent with state of data, but user may have to

manually match application to position of data

Basic application failover:• Automatic application restart after outage• User manually repositions within application

No application recovery:• Users manually restart application with resilient data• User determines where to resume work

Single

Server

Dataresiliency

Start over.

Where's all my work?

Checkpoint restart.

Not too bad .

Huh?

Did

something happen?

HA enabled applicationsand iSeries

Clusters

iSeriesClusters

Combine with Data Resilience for complete solution


The FundamentalsRecovery or Continuity ?

Data Replication alone is not sufficient for HA

Clustering, Automation and application resiliency completes the equation

Data Protection - Raid 5 & Mirroring

Transaction Integrity - Journaling

Data Resiliency – IASPs, Replication

Application Resiliency

Clustering


Clustering for HA/DR

� Clustering is the default deployment for HA/DR in the mainframe and Unix

marketplace

� With PowerHA SystemMirror, clustering is

available to our IBM i customers

� Provides for automated failover – minimal

IT operations involvement

� Planned and unplanned outage

management


DataResiliency

Replication

and Switched

IASPs

Cluster Resource ServicesBase IBM i cluster functions from IBM

APIs

Cluster Management

iSeries Navigator or partner products

ApplicationResiliency

High

availability cluster

enabledapplications

Clustering

� A property of the Operating System

� Provides the logical connections between resilient data groups

� Can enable the automation of physical and logical switching

� Can enable a resilient application to be “switched”, activated and repositioned to a defined state

� Enables the automatic sequencing of events that bring the user, application and data to a coherent production state automatically

� Application design is the primary limiting factor

� Heart beating

� IP Address Takeover

� Reliable internal cluster communications

� Switchover administration

� Distributed activities


Data Resilience Technologies

� Logical Replication

– Business partner software product•Vision Solution, Quick EDD, iCluster

� Switchable Device

– Switchable IASPs

� Operating System Storage Management based Replication

– PowerHA System Mirror Cross-Site Mirroring (XSM) with Geographic Mirroring

� SAN Storage Server based Replication

– SAN Metro/Global Mirror used with PowerHA IBM I Advanced Copy Service toolkit


Logical Replication

� Second copy of data is generated logically identical to first

� Replication done on object basis (file, member, data area, program, etc.) near real-time

� Normally done via a business partner software

product

Backup

(target system)

Tape


Logical Replication

� Widely deployed data resiliency topology for Power IBM i

– Typically deployed via an HA Business Partner solution package

– Replication done on object basis (file, data area, program, etc.) near real-time

• Done at the lowest unit of change for the object, e.g. record level for database files

• Otherwise, done on entire object when change detected by replication software

• Solution Packages can use IBM i Remote Journaling as efficient, reliable transport mechanism.

� Benefits:

– Rapid activation of production environment on backup server via role-swap operation

– Replicated data can be concurrently accessed for backups or other read-only apps

– Minimal recovery is needed when switching over to the backup copy

� Considerations:

– Complexity of setup and maintenance

– Modification of ‘live’ copies of objects on backup server

– Lag time between changes on source being available on backup server

– Consistency between journaled and non-journaled objects

Backup

(target system)

Tape


Switchable IASPs

� Independent Auxiliary Storage Pools (IASPs)

– IBM i Option 41 - High Availability Switchable Resources

– Switch disks from one system to another

� Benefits:

– Simplicity

– Data is always current (no copy to synchronize)

– No in-flight data to lose

– Minimal performance overhead

– Supports integrated environments (Windows, Linux) as well as IBM i

� Considerations:

– Setup DASD configuration, data, and application structure

– Single copy of data (mirroring recommended to protect data, reduce SPOFs)

– No concurrent access from both hosts

– HW restrictions (distance, conc maint)


Admin domain

Switchable DevicesPowerHA Basic Concepts (for IBM i clients)

� The underlying data resiliency is not based on replication it is based on a pool of disk which is shared and switchable between nodes in the cluster

� PowerHA SystemMirror enables the cluster nodes to behave as resource for the applications in the event of an outage

� Admin Domain takes care of the sysbas data

Application data

(IASP)aka (volume group)


©

DS8000

*SYSBAS

(DR)

(IASP)

*SYBAS

(Backup I)

IASP

FlashBackup

F

l

a

s

h

C

o

p

y

POWER7IBM i

POWER7IBM i

Data Centre

PowerHA Standard Edition Switchable LUNs

Ses

Primary Ses

Secondary

FlashBackup

Non disruptivebackups


� Deep Integration

– Cluster Aware IBM i

– SLIC based event processing

– Centralize cluster topology management

� Ease of deployment & ease of use

– System Director Navigator management

– Discovery based deployment

– Cluster wide security

� Multi-Site & Disaster Recovery

– Differentiate with IBM storage

– Integrated IBM copy services

� Solution Package Optimization

– Standard Edition, Enterprise Editions

PowerHA SystemMirror Strategy


PowerHA SystemMirror(Cross-Site Mirroring) (XSM) with Geographic Mirroring

� Second copy of data in an IASP is generated logically identical to first

� Changes to production IASP replicated to second copy of IASP thru another system

� Operating system storage management based replication solution

Mirror Copy

Production Data

Primary

(source system)

Backup

(target system)

Backup


PowerHACross-Site Mirroring (XSM) with Geographic Mirroring

� Mirroring of IASP data via IBM i storage management to a second server

– XSM Included in Option 41 of OS

– Enables switching or automatic failover to mirrored copy of IASP

� Benefits:

– Same as switched device

– Two copies of IASP data

– Can be local or remote (Sync or Async)

– Ease of deployment and operation

– Supports integrated environments (Windows, Linux)as well as IBM i Client partitions

– Heartbeat monitoring with automate failover or manual switchover

� Considerations:

– Performance impacts of synchronous operation, distance, bandwidth, latency

– Mirror copy cannot be concurrently access

– Lengthy full data re-synchronization

Mirror Copy

Production Data

Primary

(source system)

Backup

(target system)

Backup


Admin domain

PowerHA Basic Concepts

� Internal disk is not switchable (LUNs required), you use geomirror with internal disk configurations

Geomirror


PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror with IBM i Advanced Copy Services toolkit

� Replication of iASP data at storage controller level to Backup SAN using Metro or Global Mirror

– Metro or Global Mirror generates a second copy of the IASP on another Storage server

– Toolkit part of Power IBM i Advanced Copy Services for IBM i offering

– Combines Metro/Global Mirror, PowerHA, IASP, and IBM i cluster services

– Coordinated switchover/failover

� Benefits:

– Remote copy and coordinated switching without an IPL

– Can combine with FlashCopy for backup window reduction

� Considerations:

– Performance impacts of synchronous mode: distance, bandwidth, latency

– Mirror copy cannot be concurrently accessed

– Asynchronous mode requires IBM SAN Global Mirror

– Requires tools and services to deploy

iSeries Cluster and Device

Domain


Admin domain

©

Metro Mirror

ProductionDS8000SVC*Storewize V7000*

Local Site

HA

DR Site

*SYSBAS(Prod)

IASP(Switchable)

DS8000SVCStorewize V7000

*SYSBAS(DR)

IASP

*SYBAS(Backup I)

IASP

DR

Flash

Backup

F

l

a

s

h

C

o

p

y

POWER7IBM i

POWER7IBM i

POWER7IBM i

Global Mirror

PowerHA Enterprise Edition Two Node Cluster

* Initially available English only via prpq 5799 HAS

HA

DR


Admin domain

©

MetroMirror

Production

DS8000

SVC*Storewize V7000*

LUN

Group

(active)

HA

DR Site

*SYSBAS(Prod)

IASP(Switchable)

*SYSBAS(DR)

IASP

*SYBAS(Backup I)

IASP

DR

Flash

Backup

F

l

a

s

h

C

o

p

y

POWER7IBM i

POWER7IBM i

POWER7IBM i

*SYBAS(Backup I)

Global Mirror

Local Site DR Site

PowerHA Enterprise Edition Three Node Cluster

DS8000

SVC*Storewize V7000*


Redundant VIOS I/O Virtualization

� Redundant VIOS partitions provide

two paths to attached SAN storage

– AIX, i, and Linux partitions

– One set of disk

– Client partitions use MPIO

Power Hypervisor

VIOS

Note: Redundant VIOS partitions are not supported on BladeCenter JS12, JS22, JS23, and JS43

VIOS

Power Hypervisor

VIOS VIOS

� Redundant VIOS partitions provide access to mirrored SAN

storage

– AIX, i, and Linux partitions

– Mirrored set of disk

– Mirroring done by client

partitions (e.g., IBM i)


PowerVM can Help Manage Risk

� Business and IT security and resiliency are as critical as ever, and must be dynamic and intelligent in order to match the speed of business change

� PowerVM Live Partition Mobility

– Move running IBM I, AIX and Linux partitions between systems

– Using VIOS

√ Eliminate planned outages and balance workloads across systems

Virtualized SAN and Network InfrastructureVirtualized SAN and Network Infrastructure


IBM i Capacity Back Up (CBU) Licensing Example

Active standby CBU Cores

IBM i, 5250, PowerHA

Partition #1Unused

Partition #2

Partition #3

Production CBU

Active standby CBU Cores

Planning� CBU allows PowerHA licenses

entitlement fail-over from the registered production server

– Minimum 1 entitlement required on the CBU box

– CBU server allows the temporary transfer of entitlements from primary server for non concurrent usage on the CBU server

– Round-up when using partial processors

– 3.5 processors = 4 entitlements

Example� No HA/DR required for Partition 1

– No PowerHA licenses� HA required for Partition 2 and 3

– All processors in the production server partitions 2 and 3 are licensed for PowerHA

– One key, 8 entitlements – The license key will be a permanent

key installed on partition 2 and 3� A single processor is licensed on the

CBU server– One key, one entitlement– The license key will be a temporary

key for 8 cores good for two years installed on partitions 2 and 3


Key Solutions Comparison Characteristics

1. Primary use

2. Characteristic of Replication Mechanism

3. Recovery Time

4. Recovery Point

5. Ordering of changes

6. Concurrent access

7. Geographic dispersion

8. Number of Backup systems

9. Number of Data copies allowed

10.Cost Factors

11.End User

12.Outage coverage

13.Cluster controlled resource

14.Risks

Consider other decision factors


Start to determine possible matches of technologies to specific needs

1. Initial analysis to eliminate technologies that do not fit

2. After initial analysis, perform detailed analysis of complete requirement sets against

specific characteristics of each technology

n/a

PowerHA with

Copy Services

toolkit

n/an/aWorkload

Balancing

HA for unplanned

outage

n/aRecovery for

disaster outage

Planned

Maintenance

n/aBackup Window

Reduction

PowerHASwitched diskLogical

replication

Data Resilience Technologies

Applicability of Solution to Problem SetB

usi

nes

s C

onti

nuit

y

Req

uir

emen

t


Conclusions

� When to consider Logical Replication?

– Need two or more copies of the data

– Want some level of concurrent access to second data copy

– Need backup window reduction

– Already have solution deployed using logical object replication

– Need a solution that has no special hardware configuration requirements

– Transaction level integrity is important for all journaled objects

� When to consider Switchable IASPs ?

– Single copy of data meets requirements; addressed exposure to disk subsys failures

– Need a very simple, low cost, low maintenance solution

– No need for DR solution

– Source and target system will be at the same site

– Want consistent fail/switchover times within minutes independent of transaction volumes

– Need transaction level integrity for all objects; no loss of in-flight data

– Need highest throughput environment

– Need multiple, independent databases that can be moved between systems


Conclusions (2)

� When to consider PowerHA System Mirror (Cross-Site Mirroring) ?

– Want a system-generated second copy of the data (at an IASP level)

– Need two copies of data, but do not need concurrent access to second copy

– Want relatively low cost, low maintenance solution, but also need disaster

recovery

– Want consistent fail/switchover times within minutes independent of transaction

volumes

� When to consider PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror with IASP and Toolkit ?

– Want storage based solution for HA; especially if multiple platforms are involved

– Want consistent fail/switchover times within minutes independent of transaction volumes

– Need two copies of data, but do not need concurrent access to second copy


Conclusions (3)

� When to consider a combination solution?

– When no single solution meets all of your business continuity requirements


Power Systems


DataResiliency

Replication

and Switched

IASPs

Cluster Resource ServicesBase IBM i cluster functions from IBM

APIs

Cluster Management

iSeries Navigator or partner products

ApplicationResiliency

High

availability cluster

enabledapplications

Summary:

� Heart beating

� IP Address Takeover

� Reliable internal cluster communications

� Switchover administration

� Distributed activities

Data Replication alone is not sufficient for

HA

Clustering, Automation and application

resiliency completes the equation

� Clustering PLUS

� Data replication PLUS

� Cluster enabled replication

� EQUALS ’real’ HA


Transaction boundary with commitment control.

Last data written to IASP.

Objects not in IASP.

IASP vary on

SMAPP / Journal settings

No IPL required

Minutes

Sector level replication of

all pages written to disk.

Physical copy of an IASP based on disk I/O (cache based).

HA (including DR)

PowerHA Global/Metro Mirror w/ IASP

& iTC Toolkit

Transaction boundary with commitment control.



Transaction boundary with commitment

control.



Transaction boundary with commitment control. Mixed – audit and data journal. Data / objects sent to target will be recovered. Lose changes not xmitted (zero data loss with synch remote jrn).

Recovery Point

Considera-tions

IASP vary on


No IPL required

Minutes

IASP Vary on


No IPL required

Minutes

Apply lag + replication switchover overhead.

Journal settings

No IPL required

Minutes

Recovery Time

Considera-tions

Page level replication as controlled by operating system based on storage management writes.

Logical copy since physical DASD configs can differ.

No replication;

1 copy of data that is switchable between systems

Object based replication; changes at record or object level based on data & audit journal.

Logical copy of object level changes for selected objects.

Characteristic of replication mechanism

HA (including DR)HA (no DR)HA (including DR)Primary use

PowerHA w/ Geographic Mirroring

Switchable IASPsLogical Replication


2

1<=n<=2

(2 with cascading Metro Mirror)

Virtually unlimited

No concurrent access.

Copy current with

Flash Copy.

Consistency groups define lag time for Global Mirror.

Ordering at controller level. Preserved at LUN (disk) level for Metro Mirror.

Consistency groups for Global Mirror.

PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror w/ IASP

& iTC Toolkit

PowerHA w/ Geographic Mirroring

Switchable IASPsLogical Replication

1none127 (or BP max)# data

copies

1<= n <=3

(2 or 3 with switchable towers)

n=1

(with switchable towers)

1<= n <127

(or BP max)

# Back up

systems

Virtually unlimitedLimited (250 M)Virtually unlimitedGeo Dispersio

n

No concurrent access

.

No concurrent access since no copy of data

Typically read only, possibly shared data.

Always some lag time in data currency. Remote Journal helps.

Concurrent access

Ordering at system level. Ordering preserved across ASP group.

Ordering preservedBased on journal receiver content & HABP ability to synchronize changes from data & audit journals.

Ordering of

changes


Somewhat complex

Asynch via Global Mirror.

Disk protection provided by Ext. Storage.

Yes – of switchable devices

Planned, unplanned, disaster, save window

Metro/Global Mirror overhead. Can automatically restart application.

Ext DASD

57xx-HAS

Bandwidth.

Toolkit. Duplicate disks.

PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror w/ IASP

& iTC Toolkit

PowerHA w/ Geographic Mirroring Switchable IASPsLogical Replication

Asynch case: can lose copy on double failure if cannot quiesce & vary-off.

Resynch after detach may yield lengthy unprotected condition.

Disk subsystem is single point of failure, therefore no protection against catastrophic disk failure

Loss of in flight data.

Mismatch of data levels for various objects.

Monitoring logical object replication environment

Risks

YesYesYesCluster

control

Planned, unplanned, disaster, save window

Planned, unplannedPlanned, unplanned, disaster, save windowOutage

coverage

Geographic mirroring overhead. Can automatically restart application.

Can automatically restart application.

Replication overhead.

Can automatically restart application.

End User

Disruption

Any (flexible) DASD configuration.

57xx-HAS

Bandwidth. Duplicate disks.

Switchable tower (or IOP)

IBM i Option 41

Any DASD configuration. HABP software. Bandwidth. Duplicate disks.

Cost Factors

© 2012 IBM Corporation35© Copyright IBM Corporation 2011

PowerHA Webcast V1.0

� PowerHA Website

– www.ibm.com/systems/power/software/availability/

� PowerHA Options for IBM i - Introduction (incl. 7.1)

– http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS4021

� PowerHA and DS8000 Storage Integration on IBM i

– http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS4361

� Lab Services

– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices

� Redbooks at www.redbooks.ibm.com

– PowerHA SystemMirror for IBM i Cook book - SG24-7994 (Jan 2012) – Implementing PowerHA for IBM i - SG24-7405-00 (Nov 2008)

– Clustering and IASPs for Higher Availability - SG24-5194-01

– Independent ASPs: A Guide to Moving Applications to IASPs - SG24-6802-00

– Independent ASP Performance Study on the IBM iSeries - REDP-3771-00

– Implementing SAP Applications on the IBM System i with IBM i5/OS - SG24-7166-00

� IBM System Storage Solutions for IBM i

– Course code: AS930, Duration: 4.0 days

– www-304.ibm.com/jct03001c/services/learning/ites.wss/us/en?pageType=course_description&courseCode=AS930

� Is your ISV solution registered as ready for PowerHA?

– http://www-304.ibm.com/isv/tech/validation/power/index.html

� High Availability Clusters (Power HA) and Independent Disk Pools for IBM i

– Course code: AS541,OS830 Duration: 4.0 days

– www-304.ibm.com/jct03001c/services/learning/ites.wss/us/en?pageType=course_description&courseCode=AS541

� Risk Self Assessment:

– www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/business_resilience_management/overview/index.html?re=2brf24

PowerHA for IBM i Resources


This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in

other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM

offerings available in your area.

Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions

on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.

IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give

you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY

10504-1785 USA.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives

only.

The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or

guarantees either expressed or implied.

All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the

results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations

and conditions.

IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions

worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment

type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal

without notice.

IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies.

All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary.

IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.

Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are

dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this

document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally-

available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document

should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.

Revised September 26, 2006

Special notices


IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com AIX, AIX (logo), AIX 5L, AIX 6 (logo), AS/400, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, ClusterProven, DB2, ESCON, i5/OS, i5/OS (logo), IBM Business Partner (logo), IntelliStation, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Notes, Operating System/400, OS/400, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, PowerPC, pSeries, Rational, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli (logo), Tivoli Management Environment, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries, Active Memory, Balanced Warehouse,

CacheFlow, Cool Blue, IBM Systems Director VMControl, pureScale, TurboCore, Chiphopper, Cloudscape, DB2 Universal Database, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, EnergyScale, Enterprise Workload Manager, General Parallel File System, , GPFS, HACMP, HACMP/6000, HASM, IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, POWER, PowerExecutive, PowerVM, PowerVM (logo), PowerHA, Power Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, POWER Hypervisor, Power Systems, Power Systems (logo), Power Systems Software, Power Systems Software (logo), POWER2, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER6+, POWER7, System i, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, TME 10, Workload Partitions Manager and X-Architecture are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at

the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries.

A full list of U.S. trademarks owned by IBM may be found at: http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.

Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries.

AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.

InfiniBand, InfiniBand Trade Association and the InfiniBand design marks are trademarks and/or service marks of the InfiniBand Trade Association.

Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.

IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce.

Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both.

Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both.

NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both.

SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC).

The Power Architecture and Power.org wordmarks and the Power and Power.org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power.org.

TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC).

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States, other countries or both.

Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

Revised December 2, 2010

Special notices (cont.)

high availability og virtualisering, ibm power event

Technology