here are the facts arc flash - aim electrical

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What is an arc flash?An arc flash is a current flowing through air that flashes from one exposed live conductor to another conductor or to ground. When an arc flash happens, the temperatures can reach up to 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit. This is four times the temperature on the surface of the sun. The result can be destruction of equipment, fire, and injury.

What causes an arc flash?An arc flash occurs when electrical clearances are reduced or compromised by deteriorating insulation or human error. The arc flash follows a conductive path between two hot (energized) wires or between a hot wire and ground.

How can I protect employees from arc flashes?The recommended way to protect employees is to de-energize equipment prior to working on it. When de-energizing is not feasible per code, enforce safe work practices. Require your employees to be properly suited in conjunction with a recent arc flash study. Actions that require PPE include, but are not limited to, operating a breaker with the dead-front cover removed, voltage testing, working on energized equipment, and racking in or out draw-out units.

Are the generic PPE recommendations of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E sufficient?Following NFPA 70E guidelines is highly recommended, however, the actual field conditions can be more hazardous than the NFPA 70E guidelines. An arc flash study can reveal equipment with elevated hazard levels. This will help you protect your employees.

What steps can help protect employees from arc flash?1. Work while system is de-energized2. Have a professional engineer calculate

the short circuits3. Perform a Protective Device

Coordination Study4. Perform an arc flash calculation5. Document the findings6. Determine specifics of unsafe work

locations7. Eliminate hazards through system

changes or operational procedures8. Apply hazard labels describing required

PPE and boundaries for equipment use9. Establish safe work practice

procedures

Why is an arc flash study important?Without an arc flash study you will not know the actual level of danger or the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) required for employees. Electrical systems are dynamic and change over time. Internal changes, such as adding new equipment can affect the level of arc flash energy. A study must be updated every time the system changes. External changes, such as a utility changing transformers or changes at your utility’s closest sub-station can severely impact your level of arc flash energy.

Here are the facts...The Federal Government (OSHA requires that all “Non-Dwelling” facilities have an Arc Flash Hazard Analysis done to determine:

• The Arc Flash Boundary• The Level of PPE Required• The Presence of a Flash Hazard

NFPA 70E 130.7(E) says this:“Safety signs, safety symbols, or accident prevention tags shall be used where necessary to warn employees about electrical hazards that might endanger them. Such signs and tags shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z535…”

NFPA 70 110.16 says this:“Electrical equipment, such as switchboards, panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket enclosures, and motor control centers, that are in other than dwelling occupancies, and are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment…”

NFPA 70E 130.3 says this:“An arc flash hazard analysis shall determine the Arc Flash Protection Boundary and the personal protective equipment that people within the Arc Flash Protection Boundary shall use...”

Refer to:OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910.302-308 & 1910.331-335

US Department of Labor, occupational Safety & Health Admin

National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 70 & NFPA 70E

2009For More Information: 713.666.6718

Your OSHA Compliance Checklist:

Conduct Arc Flash AnalysisPlace Labels/Signs on PanelObtain PPETrain Workers on Safety/Hazards

Call for a Free Consultation713.666.6718

[email protected]

Arc FlashWhat you need to know...

1. Flash Protection Boundary!This boundary is the closest that anyone may approach without the use of PPE. The available short circuit current, predicted fault duration and the voltage are all needed to determine the flash protection boundary. !!According to NFPA 70E 2015 Edition, there are three ways in which this boundary can be calculated:!

- Simplified Table 130.7(C)(9), 130.7(C)(10)!- Analysis based on NFPA 70E Annex D !- Analysis based on IEEE 1584!!

2. Incident Energy at 18” (cal/cm2)!This is the energy per unit area on a surface located 18 in. from the potential arc source. The incident energy is measured in units of calories per square centimeter. Second-degree burns occur at an energy level of approximately 1.2 calories/cm2.!!3. PPE Required!The Personal Protective Equipment required is dependent on the incident energy at every point a person may perform work on energized equipment. An electrical engineer or other qualified person should perform the calculations that determine the incident energy. The appropriate PPE should cover all parts of the body that may be exposed to an arc flash. This could include shoes, gloves, flame resistant clothing, safety glasses, etc.!!4. Voltage Shock Hazard!The hazard based on the voltage of a system that is used to determine the glove rating when working on that system. NFPA 70E has a table for glove ratings based on the voltage shock hazard.!!5. Glove Class This class is based on the voltage level. The following Glove Class table comes from ASTM D 120-95.!

5. Glove Class (continued)! !!!!!!!6. Limited Shock Approach Boundary!This boundary may only be crossed by an “unqualified” person when they are accompanied by a “qualified” person.!!7. Restricted Shock Approach Boundary!This boundary may only be crossed by a “qualified” person that uses adequate shock prevention equipment and techniques.!!8. Prohibited Shock Approach Boundary!This boundary may only be crossed by a “qualified” person that has the same level of protection as if they are planning on direct contact with live parts!!9. Bus Arcing Fault!The arc fault calculations assume that there is a physical gap between conductors that was bridged by something resulting in the formation of an arc. Once the arc is formed and plasma is produced, the arc current should closely approximate the calculated fault levels. The Arc Fault calculations are an approximation based upon research and testing similar to the short circuit analysis methods.!!10. Available Short-Circuit Current!The magnitudes of the prospective currents flowing through the power system at various time intervals after a fault occurs are determined by short-circuit studies. The resulting data is used to determine the bolted three-phase short circuit current, which allows for the calculation of the arcing fault current.!

Glove Class Voltage00 500 V0 1,000 V1 7,500 V2 17,000 V3 26,500 V4 36,000 V

DATA REQUIRED TO BE ON THE NEW ARC FLASH WARNING LABELS

For More Information: 713.666.6718

WARNINGARC Flash and Shock Hazard

Appropriate PPE Required49 Inches Flash Hazard Boundary

6.3 cal/cm^2 Flash Hazard at 18 inches

Category 2 Cotton Underwear + FR Shirt & Pants

480 VAC Shock Hazard when cover is removed

00 Glove Class

42 inches Limited Approach

12 inches Restricted Approach

1 inches Prohibited Approach

Location: DIST SECTION MAAim Electrical Consultants

2100 W Loop S, Suite #1500 Houston, TX 77027

Phone: 713.666.6718 Fax: 713.666.1645

BUS ARCING FAULT: 12.40 kA SC CURRENT: 25.50 kA

Warning:Changes in equipment settings or system configuration will invalidate the calculated values and PPE requirements

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Flash Protection Boundary!

Incident Energy at 18” (cal/cm2)!

PPE Required!

Voltage Shock Hazard!

Glove Class

Limited Shock Approach Boundary

Restricted Shock Approach Boundary

Prohibited Shock Approach Boundary

Bus Arcing Fault

Available Short-Circuit Current

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PENALTIES FROM OSHA CONCERNING ARC FLASH

These are the types of violations that may be cited and the penalties that may be proposed:

OTHER THAN SERIOUS VIOLATIONA violation that has a direct relationship to job safety and health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm. A proposed penalty of up to $7,000 for each violation is discretionary. A penalty for an other-than-serious violation may be adjusted downward by as much as 95 percent, depending on the employer's good faith (demonstrated efforts to comply with the Act), history of previous violations, and size of business. When the adjusted penalty amounts to less than $100, no penalty is proposed.

SERIOUS VIOLATIONA violation where there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard. A mandatory penalty of up to $7,000 for each violation is proposed. A penalty for a serious violation may be adjusted downward, based on the employer's good faith, history of previous violations, the gravity of the alleged violation, and size of business.

WILLFUL VIOLATIONA violation that the employer knowingly commits or commits with plain indifference to the law. The employer either knows that what he or she is doing constitutes a violation, or is aware that a hazardous condition existed and made no reason-able effort to eliminate it.

Penalties of up to $70,000 may be proposed for each willful violation, with a minimum penalty of $5,000 for each violation. A proposed penalty for a willful violation may be adjusted downward, depending on the size of the business and its history of previous violations. Usually, no credit is given for good faith.

If an employer is convicted of a willful violation of a standard that has resulted in the death of an employee, the offense is punishable by a court-imposed fine or by imprisonment for up to six months, or both. A fine of up to $250,000 for an individual, or $500,000 for a corporation, may be imposed for a criminal conviction.

REPEATED VIOLATIONA violation of any standard, regulation, rule, or order where, upon re-inspection, a substantially similar violation can bring a fine of up to $70,000 for each such violation. To be the basis of a repeated citation, the original citation must be final; a citation under contest may not serve as the basis for a subsequent repeated citation.

FAILURE TO ABATE PRIOR VIOLATIONFailure to abate a prior violation may bring a civil penalty of up to $7,000 for each day the violation continues beyond the prescribed abatement date.

DE MINIMIS VIOLATIONDe minimis violations are violations of standards which have no direct or immediate relationship to safety or health. Whenever de minimis conditions are found during an inspection, they are documented in the same way as any other violation, but are not included on the citation.

Source: https://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/introsha.html

For More Information: 713.666.6718


2009For More Information: 713.666.6718

AIM Electrical Consultants was started in July, 1997 to assist Operating Companies, Engineering Companies, Construction Companies, Testing Companies and other consultants by performing Short Circuit Analysis, Coordination Studies, ARC Flash Analysis, Load Flow Analysis, Power Factor Improvement Studies, Harmonic Analysis, Large Motor Starting Analysis, selection and programming of protective devices and inspection of factory fabricated equipment prior to shipment.

AIM Electrical Consultants has a very large list of Clients and End Users. A small sampling includes:

Enterprise Products Markwest Energy Products Nisseki Chemicals Valero Energy Green Bio Diesel Exxon Mobil The Methodist Hospital System Bush Intercontinental Airport Centerpoint Energy Harris County Houston Airport System – Hobby Airport Kimberly Clark Data Center St. Luke’s Hospital System Dallas Rapid Transit System (DART) Kinder Morgan Holt Caterpillar Affiliated Engineers, Inc Raytheon Texas Children’s Hospital Cerner World HQ Data Center City of Englewood Colorado Christus St. Joseph Hospital Memorial Baptist Hospital -Beaumont Halliburton Rice University Data Center

Wyman Gordon Harley Davidson Data Center YLNG Plant Yemen Union Carbide Qatar Fertilizer Plant 1 and 1 Internet Data Center Westland Bunker Data Center Dataside 3, 4 and 5 Centennial Medical Center Memorial Hermann Hospital System Owens Corning Baylor College of Medicine 1 and 1 Internet Data Center Page Sutherland Page Engineers Texas A&M Houston Orthopedic Surgical Hospital Smith Seckman Reid Engineers University Of Texas University of Texas Health Science Ctr Burns Delotte and McCoy Engineers Rice University Houston Baptist University Binckley and Barefield Engineers Jacobs Engineering Ennis Regional Medical Center

South Shore Harbor Data Center Hospital Corporation of America Jersey Village Baptist Church GE Company MD Anderson Hospital System Presbyterian Hospital Of Rockwall Square D Company Southwest Shipyards (3 sites) Christus St. Catherine Hospital Affiliated Engineers MasterCard Data Center South Shore Harbor Data Center US Air Force HISD Halff Associates RackSpace Fisk Electric Hi-Tech Electric D & L Electric Optimized Process Designs Kaneka North America Moore Control Systems, Inc Port of Houston Authority Mayer Electric Supply Co, Inc Absolute Testing Services, Inc

The Engineers at AIM Electrical Consultants have been trained in the use of the SKM Systems Analysis Program “PowerTools for Windows”(PTW) and Operational Technologies “ETAP” program and are considered experts in the use of these programs. We have performed over 6,000 power system studies.

AIM Electrical Consultants is focused on providing accurate, easy to read studies for our clients. Much of our business is repeat business. In fact, AIM Electrical Consultants is still performing business with clients who began working with us when the company was started. Our commitment is to provide unparalleled service. Our motto is “If you have an emergency then we have an emergency”.

Our guiding principle is that we won't be happy with the project outcome unless you are. We accomplish these successful outcomes through continuous communication with our customers to insure that we are knowledgeable in their needs and priorities and that they are aware of the status of their project at all times. All company personnel make a personal commitment to completing all project work to the highest level of quality possible, while still meeting project schedule requirements.

Financially we are very sound with absolutely no debt.

AIM ELECTRICAL CONSULTANTS

here are the facts arc flash - aim electrical

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