henk van rikxoort - building climate-smart east african coffee production systems
TRANSCRIPT
Building “climate-‐smart” East African coffee produc9on systems
CIALCA Conference Kigali, Rwanda – 24 October 2011
Henk van Rikxoort, Laurence Jassogne, Peter Läderach, Piet van Asten
AGENDA
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
} Opportunities for East African coffee } Challenges for East African coffee } Classification for East African coffee } 1 – Yield } 2 – Adaptive capacity } 3 – Carbon footprint } Institutional landscape } Conclusions
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COFFEE
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
} Coffee constitutes a large proportion of both GDP and exports share in East African countries
} Coffee here is predominantly produced by smallholders
§ AFDB (2010)
§ ICO (2011)
NEED FOR ADAPTATION
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
§ Läderach et al. (2010)
NEED FOR MITIGATION
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
} Increasing consumer demand for products which emit fewer GHG emissions
} Retailers, the private sector and certification bodies start to address GHG emissions in coffee supply chains
§ Certification bodies § Retailers
CLASSIFICATION FOR EAST AFRICAN COFFEE
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
Coffee – banana intercrop
Unshaded monoculture
Coffee – tree system
Coffee garden
Wild coffee
Smal
lhol
der
farm
ing
Shaded monoculture
Unshaded monoculture
Esta
tes
YIELD
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
01000
2000
3000
4000
coffee system
yiel
d (k
g/ha
)
1: Arabica x banana Unshaded (Uganda) 2: Arabica x banana Shaded (Uganda)
3: Robusta x banana Shaded (Uganda)
4: Arabica monocrop Unshaded (Kenya)
5: Arabica monocrop Unshaded (Uganda)
6: Arabica monocrop Shaded (Uganda)
7: Robusta monocrop Shaded (Uganda) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
§ Intercropping
§ Shading
CARBON FOOTPRINT
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
Sum = 3.7
Sum = 3.9
Sum = 9.2
Sum = 9.4
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Trad-poly ���Com-poly Shad-mono ���Unshad-mono
kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1 p
arch
men
t co
ffee
Carbon footprint per unit product
Pesticide production
Gas use
Diesel use
Electricity use
Off-farm transport
Crop residue managment
Waste water production
Fertiliser induced N2O
Fertiliser production
C sequestration in trees
INSTITUTIONAL LANDSCAPE
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
Governments } Need for policies that support
climate-smart coffee production systems
Research and extension } More research attention needed for
systems rather than single crops Private sector } Involvement of private sector needed
in addressing climate change in coffee supply chains
CONCLUSIONS
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
} Global trends indicate that adapting to and mitigating climate change will be key for coffee production systems to be effective in the future
} Coffee in East Africa is produced in different systems with different characteristics and benefits
} Climate-smart systems use intercropping with other food crops and shading to combine adaptation and mitigation
} Support from governments, research institutes and the private sector is needed to promote and implement these climate-smart systems in the region
THANK YOU
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Coffee – Banana Intercropping Team
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Decision and Policy Analysis Program (DAPA)
Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) Plant Research International (PRI) Henk van Rikxoort E-mail: [email protected]
Laurence Jassogne E-mail: [email protected]