criterions 9. babies 10. memos 11. selves 12. applauses 13. dancing 14. 1990s 15. aluminium 16. roofs 17. fish 18. children 19. difficulties 20. knowledge 21. geese 22. videos 23. curricula 24. dishes B. 1. tomatoes 2. sugar 3. furniture 4. information 5. families 6. menC. 1. They are beautiful ladies. 2. Books are good friends. 3. Small cars are great vehicles. 4. They are old churches. 5. Are those men workers? 6. Are they nice characters?D. 1. students 2. people 3. time 4. fish 5. workers 6. children

4. Nouns : GenderA. 1. My mother has two daughters. 2. The twin babies are sisters. 3. The queen’s daughter is a princess. 4. My aunt is an old lady. 5. The vixen is searching food. 6. The city’s mayoress is getting married next year. 7. The girl helped the old woman across the road. 8. Grandmother Jonnah is my aunt’s mother.B. 1. heroine 2. lady 3. spinster 4. mare 5. hostess 6. heiress 7. baroness 8. priestessC. 1. Its; its; its; its; Its; It; it; her; she; She; she; sheD. 1. M 2. F 3. C 4. F 5. M 6. M 7. C 8. N 9. C 10. N

5. Importance of Time

A. 1. The feelings repaired their boats and left the island. 2. Because there a lot of gold and silver in his boat and there was no place for love. 3. Time 4. You are all wet and might damage my boat.B. (i) felt (ii) took C. (i) repaired (ii) overjoyedD. 1. This summer we are going visit an island in southern. 2. You must persevere before you can accomplish any thing great India. 3. Sania Mirza was overjoyed by her grand success. 4. Her face was wet with tears. 5. The rich couple was blessed by a child. 6. He is capable of doing very

Hello Grammar!-61. Sentences Based on Meaning

A. 1. Declarative, (.) 2. Imperative, (.) 3. Declarative, (.) 4. Optative, (!) 5. Imperative, (.) 6. Interrogative, (?) B. Do yourselfC. 1. My sister does not live with my parents. 2. Shouldn’t I call or email you? 3. I don’t want to leave now. 4. Don’t practice with the exercises. 5. The boy doesn’t killed the spider with his shoe. 6. She doesn’t recognize him at once. 7. Didn’t you clean up your room? 8. Don’t cross the road.D. Do yourselfE. 1. Did my father start a business? 2. Please believe me. 3. Did the teacher punish the student? 4. Has she not been to the movie? 5. Please help me. 6. What a terrible night! 7. Do you not use your laptop? 8. She is very beautiful.

2. Nouns : KindsA. 1. London, river Thames - Proper 2. Cleanliness - Abstract 3. truth - Abstract 4. importance - Abstract 5. Honesty - Abstract 6. King Solomon - Proper 7. committee - Common 8. fleet of ships - CollectiveB. 1. university 2. Jupiter 3. boxes 4.

Cleopatra 5. The Library of Congress 6.

restaurant, Taste of Thai 7. cookie, coffee

8. Mr. Bell, studentsC. 1. Joy 2. Creativity 3. Fear 4. Childhood 5. Happiness 6. Joy 7. length 8. obligationD. 1. box 2. herd 3. colony 4. gaggle 5. crowd 6. pack 7. gang 8. padE. 1. Uncountable 2. Uncountable 3. Uncountable 4. Uncountable 5. Countable 6. Countable 7. Countable 8. Countable

3. Nouns : NumberA. 1. men 2. furniture 3. experiences 4. gases 5. boxes 6. peace 7. cacti 8. criteria/

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MONOPOLYInnovation by Design...Innovation by Design...

TMHello Grammar!Hello Grammar!Hello Grammar!Hello Grammar!Class-6 to 8Teacher Manual

13. translated 14. sleeping 15. driven8. Adjectives : Comparison

A. happy - happier; hot - hotter; comfortable-more comfortable; exciting- more exciting; fat-fatter; sunny-sunnier; silly-sillier;complicated-more complicated ; tall-taller; cold-colder; intelligent-more intelligent; big-bigger; sad-sadder; contagious-more contagious; funny-funnier; ugly-uglier; crazy-crazier; pretty-prettier; cheap-cheapter; disgusting-more disgusting B. 1. (c) 2. (a), (b) 3. (c) 4. (c), (a) 5. (b) 6. (b), (a) 7. (a), (b)C. 1. a bag of salt 2. a pencil case 3. a ruler 4. a bag of crisps 5. a pack of gumD. Do yourself

9. Transitive and Intransitive VerbsA. 1. Transitive 2. Transitive 3. Transitive 4. Transitive 5. Transitive 6. Transitive 7. Transitive 8. Intransitive 9. Intransitive 10. Intransitive 11. Transitive 12. Intransitive B. 1. harsh 2. restless 3.weightless 4. overzealous, watchdog 5. close 6. tallerC. 1. a secret 2. Attorney General 3. treasurer 4. uninteresting 5. inappropriate 6. vice presidentD. Do yourself

10. AdverbsA. 1. quickly - Time 2. outside - Place 3. soundly - Manner 4. yesterday - Time 5. soon - Time 6. bravely - Manner 7. there - Place 8. recklessly - Manner 9. outside - Place 10. loudly - Manner 11. slowly - Manner 12. already - TimeB. 1. always - adverb of frequency 2. often - adverb of frequency 3. incredibly- adverb of degree 4. pretty - adverb of degree 5. usually - adverb of frequency 6. occasionally - adverb of frequency 7. nearly - adverb of degree 8. monthly - adverb of frequency 9. never - adverb of frequency 10. hardly - adverb of frequencyC. 1. why 2. when 3. where 4. Where 5. When 6. Why 7. why 8. where 9. why 10. Why 11. where 12. when 13. When 14. where 15. WhereD. 1. I saw him yesterday. 2. The teacher speaks slowly. 3. We never go swimming. 4. You cannot go there. 5. They are waiting

difficult tasks.E. 1. happiness 2. hate 3. impossible 4. ugly 5. question 6. youngerF. 1. Past tense 2. Present tense 3. Present tense 4. Present Perfect tense 5. Future tense

6. PronounsA. 1. them 2. it 3. they, her 4. You, me 5. them 6. He, usB. 1. She 2. him 3. she 4. We 5. us 6. I 7. I 8. You 9. He 10. her 11. you 12. himC. 1. theirs 2. hers 3. theirs 4. mine 5. yours 6. mine 7. yours 8. hers 9. ours 10. his 11. mine 12. yoursD. 1. Reflexive 2. Intensive 3. Intensive 4. Reflexive 5. Intensive 6. Intensive 7. Reflexive 8. Intensive 9. Intensive 10. IntensiveE. 1. who 2. what 3. whom 4. who 5.

who, whose 6. whoever 7. whose 8. that 9.

that 10. what, that

F. 1. this book - Demonstrative pronoun2.that old t-shirt - Demonstrative pronoun3. These shoes - Demonstrative pronoun 4. those houses - Demonstrative pronoun5. those old magazines - Demonstrative pronoun 6. These - Demonstrative adjective 7. That - Demonstrative adjective8. Those - Demonstrative adjective9. That - Demonstrative adjective10. these cookies - Demonstrative pronounG. 1. nobody 2. everything 3. somebody 4. no one 5. Everything 6. Many 7. some 8. Either

7. Adjectives A. 1. stressed 2. careless 3. reckless 4. damaged 5. upset 6. busy 7. nervous 8. shockedB. 1. their - Possessive 2. Whose - Interrogative 3. These - Demonstrative 4. There - Possessive 5. Whose - Interrogative 6. round - Quality 7. Many - Number 8. there - Demonstrative 9. Each - Distributive 10. What - Interrogative 11. cleaned - Quality 12. My - Demonstrative 13. Neither - Distributive 14. big - Quality 15. first - Number C. Do yourselfD. 1. smiling 2. washed 3. tired 4. shining 5. mashed 6. typed 7. relaxing 8. ringing 9. amused 10. terrifying 11. filtered 12. fallen

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talking 6. phoned, having 7. got, was sitting 8. started, were gettingD. 1. had, eaten, came 2. opened, had forgotten 3. arrived, had, left 4. opened, had eaten 5. had known, got 6. had cleaned 7. arrived, had, left 8. realised, hadn’t bought 9. felt, had eaten 10. opened, had snowedE. 1. They had been talking for over an hour before Samson arrived. 2. Claudia had finished her work, she went to lunch. 3. I washed the floor when the painter had gone. 4. How long had you waited to get on the bus? 5. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Brazil. 6. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. 7. She only understood the movie because she had read the book. 8. Eva had never been to an opera before last night.

14. The Future Time (Tense)A. 1. We aren’t planning to play tennis this weekend. 2. Is Victor planning to join the sports club? 3. What are you going to plane for next summer? 4. Look! That tree is going to fall over. 5. Are you going to work hard this year? 6. I am not going to get a new car. 7. It is going to rain tomorrow 8. Do Thomas and Parry going to make sandwiches for party?B. 1. I will be having a party for my birthday. 2. We will be leaving in ten minutes. 3. She will be waiting at the gate. 4. I will be meeting Susan this weekend. 5. They will be coming to see us soon. 6. At the concert tomorrow, she will be singing while I will be dancing. 7. I will not be using the computer for the next few hours. 8. Don’t call me after 10 o’clock. I will be sleeping. 9. We will not be going back there again. 10. I will be waiting for you when your train arrives.C. 1. will not forgotten 2. will have 3. will not have made 4. will have bought 5. will have spoken 6. will have stopped 7. will have 8. will have 9. will have prepared 10. will have left 11. will not have finished 12. will haveD. 1. will have been teaching 2. will have been wearing 3. will have been driving 4.

inside. 6. Then I didn’t have time. 7. Dog ran to the gate. 8. We often think about you.

11. Swami VivekanandaA. 1. 12 January, 1863 in Calcutta. 2. Narendranath Datta, Vishwanath Datta, Bhuvaneshwari Devi. 3. A vast knowledge of different subjects, especially western philosophy and history. 4. When he became a monk. 5. Essence of nationalism.B. 1. Acquiring 2. Practicing 3. Happening 4. Teaching 5. Rendering 6. Terminating 7. Joining 8. ReachingC. 1. more successful; most successful 2. stronger; strongest 3. more precocious; most precocious 4. better; best 5. more; most 6. poorer; poorest 7. greater; greatestD. 1. He was born on 12 January, 1863 in Calcutta. 2. She was endowed with deep devotion.

12. Present TenseA. 1. The boss 2. I 3. Bread 4. Sam 5. You 6. cat 7. child 8. My fatherB. 1. speak 2. ask 3. go 4. make 5. forget 6. listen 7. live 8. watchC. 1. You do not speak very good Chinese. 2. Bill does not play the guitar very well. 3. We do not agree about holidays. 4. My father do not write poetry. 5. Deborah does not live in London. 6. Titus do not like parties. 7. I don’t like pop music. 8. Honey don’t remember faces very well.D. 1. looks; gets up; goes; is driving; arrives; driving; take; has; taken; is looking; is watching; watches; starts; takes; is having; is going; goesE. 1. since 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since 6. for 7. since 8. for 9. since 10. for 11. for 12. forF. 1. have, been getting 2. have, been working 3. have lived 4. have studied 5. has, been talking 6. have been working 7. has worked 8. have been looking

13. Past TenseA. 1. went 2. was 3. went 4. walked 5. gave 6. came 7. didn’t rain 8. sawB. Do yourselfC. 1. was lying 2. wasn’t working 3. wasn’t listening 4. were, doing 5. were,

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watching TV the previous night. 2. Ariel explained that she had seen the accident at the corner of High Street. 3. The farmer said that he had not seen her. 4. Mr. Samson said that as a young boy he had collected stickers. 5. Mother said that she had a headache. 6. Helen said that she was watching the late night show.B. 1. I asked him if he was present at the meeting the previous day. 2. He asked her if she was going home. 3. The officer ordered the clerk to do it immediately. 4. She asked me if I would help her. 5. He asked if I was well then. 6. The father asked his son if he heard a noise.C. 1. Ritu said, “I play tennis every Saturday.” 2. The teacher said to the boys, “Work hard.” 3. He said, “I will lend you my grammar book if you think it would help.” 4. The shop assistant said, “Is he looking for something special?” 5. I said to the children, “Don’t make a noise.”6. I said to my sister, “What are you doing now?”

20. Metal DetectorsA. 1. Most clothes are .......... scanned for metal. 2. The first metal ..... help miners. 3. They can look ............... these things. 4. People kept trying ..... and cheap. 5. Metal detectors also ..... and help the people.B. 1. through 2. with 3. to 4. in 5. in C. 1. when 2. and 3. and 4. but 5. becauseD. 1. A 2. P 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. P 7. PE. Do yourself

21. Letter WritingDo yourself

22. Essay WritingDo yourself

Hello Grammar!-7

1. Kinds of Sentences and their Transformation

A. 1. Interrogative 2. Imperative 3. Exclamatory 4. Optative 5. Interrogative 6. ImperativeB. 1. I wish that I were a princess. 2. It is a

very cold night. 3. Your sister has a very

lovely smile. 4. It was a very beautiful

sight. 5. I wish that I were young again.C. 1. I can never forget you. 2. We will die

will have been taking 5. will have been having 6. will have been living 7. will have been living 8. will have been flying 9. will have been working 10. will have been playing

15. Subject-Verb AgreementA. 1. were 2. is 3. are 4. has 5. is 6. seems 7. was 8. was 9. is 10. are 11. have 12. have 13. seems 14. is 15. is 16. are 17. is 18. have 19. is 20. has B. 1. enjoys 2. need 3. has 4. is 5. is 6. buy 7. discuss 8. features

16. Disastrous DinnerA. 1. Last Friday ............... delicious dinner. 2. She bought ................ apple pie. 3. While she was ................. at the steak. 4. Mrs. Anderson threw ................. the window. 5. At the same ................ broken window.B. Do yourself C. Do yourselfD. Do yourself E. Do yourself

17. PrepositionsA. 1. at 2. at 3. on 4. in 5. on 6. for 7. since 8. by 9. on 10. inB. 1. in 2. in 3. at 4. on 5. near 6. near 7. above 8. over 9. under 10. belowC. 1. to 2. in 3. around 4. on 5. toward 6. across 7. on 8. on 9. to 10. to 11. toward 12. into 13. around 14. off 15. across

18. Active and Passive VoiceA. 1. The assembly line was invented by Henry Ford. 2. Letters were being written by her. 3. The thieves were arrested by the police. 4. His work will have been finished by him. 5. The robber was not found last week by the police. 6. This film has already been seen by us. 7. Five hamburgers were eaten by Tom and Max. 8. Good stories were told by grandmother.B. 1. The teacher explain the words today. 2. Someone sent us a letter the day before yesterday. 3. No one will steal this old car. 4. They have already closed this street because of snow. 5. They will open a new restaurant next week. 6. They invited him to the party yesterday. 7. No one can see the blue box. 8. My friend gave me the book last Sunday.

19. Direct and Indirect SpeechA. 1. Stephen said that he had been

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Whereas 14. Wherever 15. in order3. Kinds of Sentences Based

on StructureA. 1. Compound 2. Compound 3. Complex 4. Compound - Complex Sentence 5. Compound 6. Compound 7. Compound 8. ComplexB. 1. She saw a cat run in front of her, so she fell down while roller-skating. 2. Gillian did not like to read, for she was not very good at it. 3. The little boy did not like to go to school, yet he went anyway. 4. You could cry like a baby, or you can clean your room like an adult. 5. Let's go to the swimming pool, for it's hot inside the house.C. 1. Eva never rides the Giant wheel because she is afraid of heights. 2. I will call you after I get back from the movie. 3. The railroad finally came, though many businesses had already left the area by then. 4. Unless we do all of our homework, we won't be able to play. 5.My dog waited at the door for us until we got home.

4. NounsA. 1. Honesty - Abstract 2. committee - Collective 3. fleet - Collective 4. bunch - Collective 5. his - Proper 6. Tagore - Proper 7. floats - Abstract 8. Bombay - Proper 9. school - Common 10. cow’s - Common B. 1. Common 2. Proper 3. Common 4. Common 5. Common 6. ProperC. 1. much 2. many 3. much 4. a little 5. many 6. many 7. a little 8. a few 9. much 10. a few D. Do yourself

5. PronounsA. 1. We 2. It, we 3. mine 4. it 5. us 6. yours 7. his 8. me 9. she 10. them B. 1. herself 2. themselves 3. ourselves 4. yourself 5. yourself 6. herself 7. ourselves

8. yourself 9. themselves 10. himself

C. 1. These 2. These 3. those 4. these 5. Those 6. That 7. this 8. ThatD. 1. That – demonstrative pronoun

2. These – demonstrative pronoun3. Neither – demonstrative pronoun4. Everybody – indefinite pronoun5. Those – demonstrative pronoun

if you poison us. 3. We shall take revenge if you wrong us. 4. Nobody can bear an unprovoked insult. 5. Everyone knows him. 6. We will bleed if you prick us.D. 1. No student is absent today. 2. We did not find the hotel very bad. 3. He is not always foolish. 4. Nothing but the letter has 20 words. 5. None but he can do it. 6. Della never hated Jim.E. 1. Is she not my friend? 2. Has he not finished his work? 3. Is there anything particularly impressive about this picture? 4. Who worships the setting sun? 5. Could Gulliver hear his watch ticking in his pocket? 6. Why to cry over spilt milk?F. 1. How kind of you to invite us! 2. How foolish of him to behave like that! 3.How prudent of the boy to have alerted the policeman! 4. How careless of him to leave the door unlocked! 5. How good of him to help the poor man.

2. Phrases and ClausesA. Do yourselfB. 1. to stay .... adjective .... modifies choices to go .... adjective .... modifies choices 2. to warn them of the problem .... noun....direct object 3. to resign from the position....noun....object of preposition, except 4. to tell the truth....adverb ....modifies the predicate adjective, afraid 5. to offer their service....noun....direct object 6. to make money....adjective ....modifies noun, schemeC. 1. Participial 2. Infinitive 3. Gerund 4. Participial 5. Gerund 6. Prepositional 7. Participial 8. GerundD. 1. Phrase 2. Clause 3. Phrase 4. Phrase 5. Phrase 6. Clause 7. Clause 8. Phrase E. 1. that were meant to be cool - adjective (which?) - modifies houses 2. who is my brother - adjective (which?) - modifies architect 3. before a proper foundation is designed - adverb (when?) - modifies verb phrase "is done." 4. who like tiny dogs - adjective (which?) - modifies people. 5. whoever likes Shetland Sheepdogs - noun - subject F. 1. Wherever 2. After 3. because 4. so that 5. Although 6. If 7. After 8. Since 9. If 10. because 11. so that 12. Although 13.

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C. Do yourself. D. Do yourself.8. Finite and Non-Finite Verbs

A. 1. finite verb 2. finite verb 3. non-finite verb 4. non-finite verb 5. finite verb 6. non-finite verb B. 1. participle 2. infinitive 3. gerund 4. participle 5. gerund 6. participle C. 1. to listen 2. to get 3. driving 4. eating 5. jumping 6. to move D. Do yourself.E. 1. Rejected by his family he decided to become a monk. 2. Who is that pretty girl sitting in the corner? 3. Most of the people invited to the party, didn’t turn up. 4. Not knowing what to do, I called the police. 5. He was sitting at a table covered with papers 6. Who is that girl dancing with your brother?

9. TensesA. 1. build 2. does 3. is writing 4. do not go 5. cheering 6. play 7. use 8. reads B. Dan: has forgotten, has been waiting, has been taking, Dane: has been walking, have already given the order, Dan: have been Dane: have not given order, have been sitting Dan: has even noticed, has been running Dane: is not lookingC. Do yourself.D. 1. had been looking 2. had not done 3. had met 4. had finally found 5. had finished 6. had changed 7. had 8. had happened 9. had already been working 10. had still not arrived/still had not arrivedE. 1. will not be able 2. will be leaving 3. will be giving 4. will be enjoying 5. will be looking 6. will be wearing 7. will be finding 8. will not be using 9. will be helping 10. will have toF. 1. will have finished 2. will have been working 3. will have been studying 4. will have left 5. will have returned 6. will not have risen 7. will have been waiting 8. will you have done 9. will have been watching 10. will have been sleeping

10. Subject-Verb AgreementA. 1. are 2. share 3. climb 4. are 5. am 6. share 7. has 8. have 9. look 10. worksB. 1. go 2. are 3. expect 4. doesn’t 5. enjoys 6. enjoy 7. don’t 8. travel 9. decline 10. is 11. were 12. were C. 1. was 2. were 3. has 4. has 5. give 6.

6. few – indefinite pronoun7. others – indefinite pronoun8. that – demonstrative pronoun9. one – indefinite pronoun

10. Somebody – indefinite pronounE. 1. One 2. Everybody 3. either 4. Nobody 5. Nobody 6. either 7. anybody 8. NeitherF. 1. What – interrogative pronoun

2. whom – interrogative pronoun 3. which – relative pronoun 4. whatever – interrogative pronoun 5. that – relative pronoun 6. which – interrogative pronoun7. What – interrogative pronoun8. that – relative pronoun

G. 1. who 2. him 3. him 4. them 5. who 6. us 7. him 8. them

6. Pollution and its EffectsA. 1. Pollution is the .............. or directly. 2. The sources of ............... accidents, etc. 3. Land pollution is the ................. and landslides. 4. Water pollution is ............... typhoid fever. 5. To control environmental ............. dangers of pollution.B. 1. They may not be affected and altered permanently by pollution. 2. The sources of pollution are not numerous. 3. Land pollution isn’t destruction of the Earth’s land surfaces. 4. It cannot be harmful to organisms and plants which live in the water. 5. High air pollution levels cannot cause damage to the environment. C. 1. substances 2. sources 3. effects 4. disasters 5. chemicals 6. planets 7. habitats 8. wastes 9. minerals 10. landslides

7. Transitive and Intransitive VerbsA. 1. buy - verb; new car - direct object; Transitive 2. moved; slowly verb - boat - direct object; Transitive 3. order - verb; hamburger, milkshake - direct object; Transitive 4. gave - verb; parents, bouquet - direct object; Transitive 5. contained - verb; stone, crystal - direct object; Intransitive 6. arrived - verb; the stadium - direct object; Transitive 7. assembled - verb; cabinet - direct object; Transitive 8. made - verb; Mexican dinner - direct object Transitive

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15. Modal AuxiliariesA. 1. could 2. can’t 3. can 4. couldn’t 5. can’t 6. couldn’t 7. couldn’t 8. can B. 1. could 2. can 3. might not 4. can’t 5. couldn’t 6. can 7. may 8. could C. 1. should 2. had better 3. had better 4. ought to 5. should 6. had better 7. had better 8. shouldD. 1. mustn’t 2. needn’t 3. must 4. needn’t 5. mustn’t 6. needn’t 7. must 8. dare not

16. AdventureA. 1. Life is a challenge. 2. Adventure is a challenge ............. physical strength. 3. Adventure is another .......... and pleasure. 4. Adventure-seekers ............. great celebrities today. 5. No. 6. For not, ........... value to you. B. 1. challenge 2. spirit 3. accomplishment 4. games 5. adventures 6. toughnessC. 1. present perfect tense 2. Future time (tense) 3. Future time (tense) 4. Present tense 5. Past tense 6. Present tense 7. Future time (tense) D. 1. challenge 2. exciting, joyful 3. enough 4. proper 5. troubles 6. simple 7. physical endurance, skill 8. adventureE. 1. must 2. may not 3. must 4. might 5. cannot 6. should

17. AdverbsA. Do yourselfB. 1. frequently - adverbs of frequency; 2. occasionally - adverbs of frequency; 3. always - adverbs of frequency; 4. usually - adverbs of frequency; 5. normally - adverbs of degree; 6. often - adverbs of frequency; 7. frequently - adverbs of frequency; 8. almost - adverbs of degree; 9. sometimes - adverbs of frequency; 10. nearly - adverbs of degree;C. 1. Time 2. Degree 3. Time 4. Place 5. Number 6. Time 7. Place 8. Manner 9. Reason 10. Manner 11. Number 12. ReasonD. 1. why 2. where 3. why 4. when 5. where 6. when 7. where 8. where 9. why 10. whereE. 1. certainly 2. extremely 3. perhaps 4. therefore 5. temporarily 6. Surely 7. because 8. definitely 9. briefly 10. Perhaps

doubt 7. roll 8. like 9. are 10. makeD. Do yourself

11. Alexander FlemingA. 1. A poor farmer 2. He saw a boy was in the ............. more he sank. 3. I’ll make a deal ............. be proved of. 4. penicillin. 5. Sir Winston Churchill.B. 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. eC. 1. was – Transitive 2. lived – Intransitive 3. ran – Intransitive 4. pulled – Intransitive 5. replied – Transitive 6. knew – IntransitiveD. Do yourself E. Do yourself

12. DeterminersA. 1. The, the 2. a, the, the 3. A 4. a 5. an 6. an 7. a 8. a B. 1. their 2. My 3. Those 4. Its 5. Her 6. These 7. Their 8. That C. 1. a few 2. very little 3. little 4. few 5. some, some 6. many 7. much 8. some D. 1. Every 2. every 3. Neither 4. every 5. either 6. each 7. every 8. Either E. 1. another - Difference words 2. the - Definite article 3. much - Quantifies 4. which - Interrogative 5. a - Indefinite article 6. a - Indefinite article 7. the - Definite article 8. who - Interrogative

13. AdjectivesA. 1. Jill, Hawaiian - Proper Adjective 2. Victorian - Proper Adjective 3. Maxican -Proper Adjective 4. licking - Attributive 5. Demonstrative 6. Demonstrative 7. any - indefinite adjective 8. Chinese - Proper adjective 9. Renaissance - Adjective of quality 10. Possessive B. 1. four-foot 2. part-time 3. cold-blooded 4. open-minded 5. brand-new 6. old-fashioned 7. long-sighted 8. deeply-rooted 9. well-mannered 10. densely-populatedC. 1. larger, than 2. more, expensive, than 3. worse, than 4. easier, than 5. older, than 6. higher, than 7. better 8. friendlier 9. most, important 10. more, difficult

14. ArticlesA. 1. the 2. the 3. the 4. An, the 5. the 6. a 7. a 8. the 9. the 10. an B. 1. a, a, an 2. an, a, the 3. a, an 4. a 5. the 6. the, the, the 7. a, a 8. a, the 9. a, the 10. an

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20. The Coming of a Silent SpringA. 1. May 27, 1907 Springdale, Pennsylvania 2. To become a writer. 3. That the world would not embrace a woman scientist. 4. Arthritis, flu, stomach ulcer. 5. That Rachel was an alarmist.B. 1. early 2. differently 3. badly 4. Silently 5. graduallyC. 1. on, in 2. at 3. from 4. of, in 5. from 6. on, atD. As, and, and, that, where, that, but

21. Active and Passive VoiceA. 1. The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen. 2. The town was destroyed by an earthquake. 3. The teacher was pleased with the boy’s work. 4. The building was damaged by the fire. 5. You will be given a ticket by the manager. 6. The streets were thronged with spectators. 7. This house was built in 1991 by Earl. 8. We will be blamed by everyone . 9. The trees were blown down by the wind. 10. The snake was killed with a stick by someone.B. 1. I shall never forget this experience. 2. Mother made a cake yesterday. 3. The tiger was chasing the deer. 4. She has learned her lesson. 5. The police have caught the thief. 6. My brother has completed the work. 7. Somebody stole my pen yesterday. 8. Nurses look after the patients. 9. The sudden noise frightened the dog. 10. Edison invented the light bulb.C. 1. By whom has this picture been painted? 2. By whom was she deceived in love? 3. Where was this picture got by you? 4. How was this book got by you? 5. Which book was purchased by you? 6. By whom was she escorted to the door? 7. By which team the match was won? 8. Where was this pen found by you? 9. What mistake was committed by him? 10. What action was taken against him by the teacher? D. Do yourself

22. Direct and Indirect SpeechA. 1. The girl said that it gave her great pleasure to be there that morning. 2. The man said that he must go as soon as possible. 3. She said that she didn't want to see any of us and ordered us to go away. 4.

F. 1. most gracefully 2. clearer 3. higher 4. more carefully 5. faster 6. farther 7. better 8. worse 9. more thoroughly 10. brightest

18. PrepositionsA. for, in, for, After, on, across, to, inside, by, of, around, on, on, beside, with, on, In, despite, toward, Around, of, between, beyond, in, Within, out of, fromB. 1. to 2. at 3. at 4. of 5. for 6. about 7. while 8. while 9. for 10. since C. 1. comply with 2. appointed to 3. addicted to 4. amazed at 5. bestowed on 6. called at D. 1. after 2. for 3. in 4. by 5. during 6. At 7. in front of 8. between E. 1. adverb 2. preposition 3. adverb 4. preposition 5. preposition 6. preposition 7. preposition 8. preposition

19. ConjunctionsA. 1. and 2. as 3. or 4. so 5. because 6. so B. 1. but today I am walking - disagree-ment 2. I like strawberry and chocolate ice cream - agreement 3. I am smarter than my brother - disagreement 4. nor do I try very hard in school - agreement 5. It is raining outside today - agreement 6. He is always crying - agreement C. 1. and - Coordinate 2. than - Subordinate 3. during - Subordinate 4. but - Coordinate 5. or - Correlative 6. Subordinate D. 1. and 2. but 3. so 4. or 5. because 6. when 7. As long as 8. whereas 9. unless 10. even though 11. until 12. before 13. However 14. While 15. in spite of E. 1. Not only, but also 2. neither, nor 3. what with, and 4. not only, but also 5. not only, but also 6. Scarcely, when 7. Both, and 8. not only, but also 9. as, as 10. Neither, norF. 1. Although - contrast 2. unless - condition 3. although - contrast 4. whenever - reason 5. because - reason 6. Although - contrast 7. Because - reason 8. When - reason 9. condition 10. because - reason 11. Although - contrast 12. After - purpose 13. though - contrast 14. because - reason 15. If - condition 16. Although - contrast

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14. Imperative 15. DeclarativeB. 1. Simple 2. Complex 3. Complex 4. Compound 5. Compound-Complex 6. Compound 7. Complex 8. Simple 9. Compound 10. Compound-Complex 11. Compound-Complex 12. Compound- Complex C. 1. Whenever she’s nervous - dependent clause; she bites her nails - independent clause 2. Moving quickly up the field - dependent clause; Roberto was in a position to score - independent clause 3. I have many computer skills - independent clause; but my sister is the real expert - dependent clause 4. That’s Naomi, whose brother is a famous actor. - dependent clause 5. I drank the whole pitcher of lemonade that she made. - dependent clause 6. Racing around the track - dependent clause; Sally headed for the finish line - independent clause 7. Before you leave - dependent clause; would you please shut the windows - independent clause 8. I stood at the window - independent clause; but I didn’t see him - dependent clause 9. Proof reading his resume one last time - dependent clause; Nathan discovered a spelling error - independent clause 10. If you do the laundry - independent clause; I’ll mow the lawn - dependent clauseD. Do yourself

2. ClausesA. 1. Dependent 2. Independent 3. Dependent 4. Dependent 5. Independent 6. Dependent 7. Dependent 8.IndependentB. 1. didn’t let the phone ring long enough. D 2. on time for the party. S 3. be late for the meeting. S 4. should have signed his or her name. D 5. makes no difference to me. D 6. he would tell the truth. S 7. That anyone else could be doing the same experiments S 8. where the treasure was kept. S 9. safe was behind the picture. D 10. will never be forgotten in our town. S 11. we were in for a spell of hot, humid weather. D 12. will be assured of a freshly painted room. DC. 1. You know that the telephone uses electricity. (direct object) 2. What you say

The teacher says that I would pass, if I worked hard. 5. He said that the film had begun at seven o'clock. 6. She said that she always drank coffee. 7. He explained that he was reading a book. 8. She said that he had finished his work. 9. He told me that he had been to Spain. 10. He said that Bill arrived on Saturday. B. 1. Erica said, 'I write a letter.' 2. Monica said, 'I have bought a pen yesterday.' 3. John said, 'I am going to church.' 4. Ron said, 'I have been playing cricket.' 5. Tim said, 'I have done his homework.' 6. He said, 'I have been reading a novel.' 7. He said, 'I'll go to London tomorrow.' 8. Tom said, 'I have visited her aunt on the weekend.' 9. Sandra said, 'I am going to watch a movie today.' 10. Mary said to us, 'I have two brothers and one sister.'' C. 1. Do yourself.D. They wanted to know what daily life was like in Afghanistan. People at the conference also asked if the journalists felt their lives were in danger and wanted to know what their thoughts were on the upcoming election. E. Do yourself

23. Phrasal VerbsA. break out 2. look forward to 3. ran out 4. keep up 5. called of 6. put up with B. 1. Take off 2. look after 3. find out 4. try on 5. Hurry up

24. Essay WritingDo yourself

25. Paragraph WritingDo yourself

26. Report WritingDo yourself

27. Letter WritingDo yourself

28. Notice WritingDo yourself

Hello Grammar!-8

1. The Sentence

A 1. Imperative 2. Interrogative 3. Assertive 4. Optative 5. Interrogative 6. Interrogative 7. Exclamatory 8. Declarative 9. Interrogative 10. Exclamatory 11. Imperative 12. Interrogative 13. Optative

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favourite hangout. 8. The man in the blue shirt whom I first met in Canada at a conference is the speaker tonight. 9. The woman who has the orange hair is my mother. 10. My cat which is soft and sweet, hates dogs. F. 1. Wherever there are computers - Place 2. After the fruit is harvested - Time 3. because I’m shy - Cause 4. so that she could get a better job - Purpose 5. Although Gaurav has a Master’s degree - Contrast 6. If you save your money - Condition 7. Since I started going to fitness class - Time 8. until pass inter-mediate - Time 9. because I am not studying enough - Reason 10. Since the government cut spending - Time 11. as there are too many cars - Manner 12. though his party disagrees - Manner 13. Even though I studied every day - Contrast 14. Wherever he goes - Place 15. where I put my pen - Place 16. as if wolves were chasing him - Manner 17. when he saw the policemen - Time 18. as carefully as his father does - Condition

3. Relative Pronouns and ClausesA. 1. whose 2. who 3. whom, whose 4. which 5. who 6. which 7. which 8. whose 9. which 10. whose 11. which 12. whom B. 1. Defining, Non-defining 2. Defining, Non-defining 3. Defining, Non-defining 4. Defining, Non-defining 5. Defining, Non-defining 6. Defining, Non-defining 7. Defining, Non-defining 8. Defining, Non-defining 9. Defining, Non-defining 10. Defining, Non-definingC. 1. Defining 2. Non-defining 3. Non-defining 4. Defining 5. Non-defining 6. Non-defining 7. Defining 8. Defining 9. Non-defining 10. Non-defining 11. Defining 12. Defining 13. Non-defining 14. Non-defining 15. Non-definingD. 1. was the son of a book seller, who was born in 1709. 2. Oxford, where he studied at Pembroke College. 3. was too poor to pay the fees, that he had to leave Oxford without a degree. 4. moved to London, where he wrote poetry, essays and biographies. 5. to write his dictionary,

into a phone creates sound waves. (Subject) 3. An electric current carries the sound to whoever is listening. (object of a preposition) 4. Basically, this is how a telephone operates. (Predicate/ comple -ment noun) 5. You can talk to whomever you like and say whatever you think. (object of a preposition, direct object) 6. Campaign workers use whatever helps them. (direct object) 7. That telephones can be very helpful has been shown in many elections. (Subject) 8. Who will win the election is what people want to know. (Subject) 9. Examiners ask whoever answers a series of questions. (direct object) 10. Whether a candidate is popular is a vital matter. (Subject) 11. Another question may be what the major issues are. (Predicate/ complement noun) 12. Voters usually give whoever is calling an answer. (indirect object)D. 1. who lives next door - adjective clause; registered nurse - modifies 2. which is Dave’s favourite subject - adjective clause; has always been easy for him - modifies 3. Harry’s letter - modifies; which he mailed Tuesday - adjective clause 4. which is my favourite season - adjective clause; will be here in another week - modifies 5. That dog - modifies; that you found - adjective clause 6. There is a chance - modifies; that Bartlet will win the election - adjective clause 7. the school - modifies; that I attended - adjective clause 8. Is that the antique show - adjective clause; you - modifies 9. have a dog - modifies; that is fourteen years old - adjective clause 10. butter chicken - modifies; which is my favourite dish - adjective clauseE. 1. A bird which was trying to build a nest had been injured. 2. The structure that stands on a mountain can be seen for miles. 3. Aunt Elisha who is my father's sister, visits us in June. 4. The man who found his wallet is happy. 5. I will never forget the day when graduated. 6. The book which was written by Charles Dickens is very popular. 7. I like to drink coffee with Brandin because it is my

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won the match. 9. My daughter is blamed for having done something. She tells me now that she didn't do it. I believe her. She would tell me if she had done it. 10. Last year, my daughter was blamed for having done something. She told me that she hadn't done it. I believed her. She would have told me if she had done it.E. 1. would have bought 2. will get 3. wanted 4. would have bitten 5. would be 6. will see

5. NounsA. 1. teacher, student - Common; France - Proper 2. Mexico - Proper 3. wickedness - abstract 4. witness’s, man - Common (Concrete) 5. Iron - Material 6. parent, children’s - Common (Concrete) 7. Calcium - Material 8. factory - Common 9. Plastic - Material 10. tribe - Collective 11. hive - Collective 12. flock - Collective 13. Hemingway - Proper 14. Paul - Proper ; brother - Common 15. people - Collective 16. animals - CollectiveB. 1. Longing 2. Strongest 3. Width 4. Youngness/youth 5. Humbleness 6. Decency 7. Cruelly 8. Bitterness 9. Prudency 10. Darkness 11. Wiseness 12. Goodness 13. Vacancy 14. Sweetness 15. Humanity 16. Freedom 17. Proudness 18. Bravery/Braveness 19. Novelty 20. Poverty 21. Justice 22. Vainness/Vanity 23. Saneness/Sanity 24. Ignorance C. 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C A 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. AD. 1. Countable 2. Uncountable 3. Countable 4. Uncountable 5. Countable 6. Uncountable 7. Countable 8. Countable 9. Countable 10. Uncountable 11. Countable 12. Uncountable 13. Uncountable 14. Countable 15. CountableE. 1. pigeons - P; building’s - S 2. year’s - S; pigeons - P 3. owner’s, mother’s - S 4. mom’s - S; davids - S 5. pigeons - P; bird’s - SF. 1.Citie’s - City’s 2. falcons’s - falcons’ 3. scientist’s - scientist 4. peoples’ - people’s 5. parakeet’s - parakeets’ 6. birds’s - birds’ 7. owls’s - owl’s 8. sentrys’ - sentry’sG. 1. IO 2. 3. DO 4. IO 5. PN 6. PN 7. DO 8. DO 9. DO 10. PN

which took him nine years to complete. 6. His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London, which is a museum now. 7. died in 1752, whose name was Elizabeth Porter. 8. was published, which was called A Dictionary of the English Language.

4. Conditional SentencesA. he’ll never take an umbrella with him. 2. he would know about the history test. 3. he will get fat. 4. it would not smell in our room. 5. he would be in the school team. 6. he could be better at social studies. 7. his neighbour would not be angry with him. 8. he can save more money. 9. the air in the room will be better. 10. his parents would buy him a new one.B. 1. will study, will pass 2. will shine, will walk 3. will have, will see 4. will come, will be 5. will earn, will fly 6. will travel, will visit 7. will wear, will slip 8. will forget, will give 9. will go, will listen 10. will wait, will ask C. Do yourselfD. 1. It didn't rain yesterday. So I had to water the plants yesterday. If it had rained yesterday, I would not have watered the plants. 2. It didn't rain yesterday. So I am watering the plants now. If it had rained yesterday, I would not water the plants now. 3. I went to bed late last night. So I am still tired now. If I had gone to bed earlier yesterday, I would not feel so tired now. 4. I went to bed late last Tuesday. So I was very tired the following day. If I had gone to bed earlier that Tuesday, I would not have felt that tired the following day. 5. After a night out, I want to drive home now. I haven't drunk any alcohol. If I had drunk alcohol, I would not drive. 6. After a night out last weekend, I drove home. I hadn't drunk any alcohol. If I had drunk alcohol, I would not have driven. 7. We won the match last week. So when we came home, we looked really happy. We would not have looked that happy if we had not won the match. 8. We've just won a match. So we look really happy now. We would not look that happy if we had not

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table. 5. The king took an exhausting - 2 week trip. 6. Alice prefers black, leather, Italian furniture. 7. Archaeologists get very excited when they find prehistoric, large, animal bones. 8. I bought some charming Victorian Silver ornaments at the flea market.E. 1. bigger 2. more beautiful 3. taller 4. sweet 5. colder 6. more popular 7. worse 8. more intelligent 9. most handsome 10. worse 11. prettiest 12. most comfortable 13. worse 14. stubborn 15. hottest 16. sunnier, wetter 17. large 18. higher 19. shorter 20. pleasantF. 1. as much as 2. drearier 3. the best 4. more enjoyable 5. more uses than 6. as friendly

9. TensesA. 1. rain 2. is running, wants 3. speaks, comes 4. 5. is holding, smells 6. snowing, snows 7. don’t know 8. are, doing 9. think, is looking 10. am driving 11. are lying 12. listen 13. don’t understand taking 14. weighs, looks 15. usually travel 16. is getting 17. requires 18. are having 19. is he waiting 20. washes B. Do yourselfC. 1. was driving, heard 2. walked, called 3. had not seen, were talking 4. was having, opened 5. were walking, heard 6. were having, decided 7. arrived, were playing 8. was having, saw 9. were you doing, rang 10. were you running, saw 11. was raining 12. were playing 13. were dancing 14. told 15. was talking D. 1. Do yourself.E. 1. going to 2. going to 3. will 4. shall 5. shall 6. going to 7. going to 8. will 9. going to 10. will 11. going to 12. going to 13. going to 14. shall 15. willF. 2. He’ll sleeping by eleven o’clock 3. We’ll be working very hard by next month. 4. They will be travelling the whole night. 5. She’ll be doing the working in an hour’s time. 6. He will still be mending his car by dinner time. 7. I’ll be driving a BMW in two year’s time. 8. I’ll be studying English from 8 to 10. 9. I’ll be having an interview by 2 o’clock this afternoon. 10. We’ll be listening to pop music by this time tomorrow. G. Do yourself

6. ChessA.1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. bB. Do yourself

7. PronounsA. 1. She 2. They 3. They 4. She 5. It 6. He 7. It 8. He 9. He 10. They 11. We 12. He 13. They 14. SheB. 1. Reflexive 2. Intensive 3. Reflexive 4. Reflexive 5. Reflexive 6. Reflexive 7. Reflexive 8. Intensive 9. Intensive 10. Intensive 11. Reflexive 12. Reflexive 13. Intensive 14. Reflexive 15. ReflexiveC. 1. which - relative pronoun 2. Whom - interrogative pronoun 3. What - interroga-tive pronoun 4. What - interrogative pronoun 5. whose - relative pronoun 6. whom - relative pronoun 7. who - relative pronoun 8. which - interrogative pronoun 9. what - interrogative pronoun 10. whose - relative pronounsD. Do yourself

8. Adjectives

A. 1. The Flat desert stretched before

him. 2. The sleek gray horse galloped

across the pasture. 3. The long, narrow

column of soldiers marched through the

pass. 4. Every qualified person can enter

the contest. 5. Quiet and sullen, he sat in

the corner. 6. She looked sick to me. 7.

Great flocks of large birds migrate here in

the spring.B. 1. my : possessive adjective 2. quantity 3. Interrogative 4. descriptive 5. quantity 6. quantity 7. possessive 8. distributive 9. demonstrative 10. descriptive 11. quantity 12. demonstrative 13. interrogative 14. emphasizing 15. properC. 1. when, bright, smiling 2. Someday, old, white 3. A haunted 4. smartest, seventh 5. What, sunny, noisy, fun 6. important stop, beautiful 7. loud, shrill 8. noisy, crowded, little 9. third, fourth 10. small, hairyD. 1. They have a lovely old red post-box. 2. She is selling her flashy 3-years-old Italian car. 3. It was a beautiful cold day. 4. She wants a gray, square, stone, coffee

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9. probably 10. upstairs 11. certainly 12. completely 13. neatly 14. slowly

C. 1. respectable 2. morally 3. confidently 4. hardly 5. cowardly 6. outright 7. briefly 8. soundly 9. Normally 10. immediately

D. 1. How many 2. How much 3. How much 4. How quickly 5. How often 6. How loudly 7. How long 8. How often 9. Where 10. When

12. The Grand Canyon

A. 1.a 2. a 3. b 4. c

B. 1. Seven 2. Magnificent 3. snowfall 4. 1848

C. 1. climate 2. various

D. 1. scarce 2. inaccurate 3. deny 4. modern 5. together 6. asleep 7. depart 8. praise 9. kind 10. expensive

13. Determiners

A. Do yourself B. Do yourself

C. 1. many 2. many 3. many 4. a little 5. a lot of 6. Few 7. little 8. less 9. Some 10. much

D. My, His, Their, His, our, Her, his, his, your

E. 1. a few, 2. the, 3. some, 4. A, 5. much, 6. some, any, 7. some, 8. an, a, 9. the, the, 10. the, those of, 11. a, the, 12. the, the, 13. The, 14. a, the, 15. A, 16. The, 17. a 18. some, 19. The, 20. the

14. Modal Auxiliaries

A. 1. needn’t 2. mustn’t 3. must, may 4. could, can 5. Can, needn’t 6. Can, can’t 7. need 8. might 9. shouldn’t, may10. mustn’t 11. Must 12. May 13. needn’t 14. Can, can’t

B. 1. should 2. must 3. should 4. must 5. should 6. can 7. must 8. can 9. shouldn’t 10. should

C. 1. Could, would, might, would, should, would 2. Could, might, might, could, would 3. Should, should, would, would, would

15. Prepositions

A. 1. in 2. on 3. in front of 4. behind 5. between 6. under 7. next to 8. behind

B. 1. at 2. x 3. in 4. on 5. in 6. x 7. x 8. in 9. x 10. at

H. 1. are being discussed 2. are being discussed 3. His being asked 4. is being asked 5. is being renovating 6. is being renovating 7. am being looked 8. are being washed 9. is being counted 10. are being painted I. Do yourself

10. Non-Finite Verbs

A. Do yourself

B. 1. To complain – noun, 2. to pick – adjective, 3. to run – noun, 4. to begin – adverb, 5. to cross – adjective, 6. to finish – noun, 7. to clean – noun, 8. to leave – adverb 9. to advance – noun 10. to help – adverb

C. 1. He made me do it all over again even though he told me I could sing quite well. 2. He will be able to swim very soon once the weather gets warmer. 3. I used to live in a caravan, but now I live in a teepee. 4. You ought to go today because it may rain tomorrow. 5. You needn't say anything, just nod your head and he will understand. 6. I want to see the house where our president was born. 7. He made her repeat the message: 'May I use your phone?' 8. You needn't ask for permission; you can use it whenever you like. 9. You might like to know that this test is almost over. 10. This is the final question! Did you like to take this test?

D. 1. I like to walk along the sea-shore. 2. The shipwrecked sailors were overjoyed to see the land. 3. To tell the truth is sometimes more difficult than to win a battle. 4. I was glad to hear his voice. 5. I should be sorry to hear that you couldn't do this exercise. 6. Richard was told not to touch the cakes. 7. Mr. Brown asked to see the principal. 8. I was very sorry to hear that you had an accident. 9. John said that he did not expect to succeed. 10. George asked to borrow Bill's bicycle.

11. Adverbs

A. 1. already 2. out 3. directly 4. never 5. enough 6. thus 7. Why not 8. not at all

B. 1. always 2. often 3. definitely 4. even 5. only 6. tomorrow 7. quickly 8. happily

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cunning that it cannot be deceived. 9. The problem of population is so serious that one cannot be overlooked. 10. He is over eager for praise.

B. 1. The news is too good to be true.2. We are too clever not to guess your every plan. 3. They were too weak to solve the paper. 4. It is too dark to see anything. 5. My heart is too full of words. 6. The tree is too high to climb. 7. One is never too old to learn. 8. I am too brave not to face the enemy. 9. The class is too noisy. 10. Trees are too valuable to fell them unnecessarily.

C. 1. many 2. many 3. many 4. a little 5. a lot of 6. few 7. little 8. less 9. some 10. much

D. 1. Taj Mahal is grander than any other building of the world. 2. No other book is so interesting as this. 3. Iron is the most useful metal. 4. This is the biggest diamond that I have ever seen. 5. Very few kings of India were as great as Ashoka. 6. A lion does not run so fast as a deer. 7. Rice is not more nutritious than some other foods. 8. Football is one of the most popular games. 9. Vikramaditya was more famous for his judgement than any other ruler of India. 10. Democracy is the best kind of government.

E. 1. Do yourself

F. 1. You are so kind-hearted that you cannot be a good officer. 2. James is not so intelligent as my brother. 3. No sooner did the birds see me than they flew at once. 4. It never rains but pours. 5. None but a tactful businessman can earn a lot of money. 6. Never insult your elders. 7. I was not sure that it was you. 8. I am not a rich man of my town. 9. You cannot touch the sky. 10. He does not fail to go for a walk daily in the morning. G. Do yourself

20. Idioms and Phrases

A. 1. ‘To cost an arm and a leg’ 2. ‘let the cat out of the bag’ 3. ‘When pigs fly’ 4. ‘To kill two birds with one stone’ 5. ‘Once in a blue moon’ 6. ‘to feel under the weather’ 7. ‘To cut corners’ 8. ‘To add insult to injury’

C. 1. up, down 2. into 3. across 4. under 5. around 6. off 7. across 8. over 9. around 10. up 11. down 12. off 13. over 14. along 15. out of 16. across 17. through 18. down , 19. into 20. through

D. 1. with 2. to 3. to 4. at 5. on 6. at 7. across 8. upon 9. to 10. of 11. from 12. by

E. 1. in 2. listen to 3. drop with 4. write in dark ink 5. compensate me for damage 6. drop again 7. drop from 8. correct 9. correct 10. Whom are you talking to?

16. Conjunctions

A. Do yourself

B. 1. (and, yet) 2. (not only, but also, so that) 3. (but, neither, nor, as/for/because 4. (Since/As/Because, so that) 5. (as/ since/because, and, so, that) 6. (or else, but, so, that, and) 7. (as well as, not only, and) 8. (either, as/for/since) 9. (but, because/as/for) 10. (Since/As/Because, nevertheless, but)

C. Do yourself

17. One Word for Many

A. 2. Anchor 3. Astronaut 4. Florist 5. Sculptor 6. Usurer

B. 1. c 2. d 3. h 4. g 5. e 6. i 7. j 8. a 9. b 10. f

C. 1. Diplomacy 2. dilemma 3. Embers 4. Famine 5. Usurp 6. Exemplary 7. Astrology 8. Panacea 9. Revolution 10. Pandemonium 11. Ornithology 12. Stable 13. Philanthropist 14. Gazette

D. 1. Emigrant, 2. Ambassador

3. Inflammable 4. Linguistic 5. Anarchy

6. Manuscript 7. Astronomer

8. encyclopaedia 9. Amateur 10. Insolvent

18. Sir Charlie Chaplin

1. c 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a

19. Transformation of Sentences

A. 1. Sara is so gentle that she cannot harm you. 2. The water was so hot that I could not bathe in it. 3. He is so rich that he can buy a car. 4. He is extremely fond of money. 5. He is so expert that he cannot be defeated in the race. 6. The shoe is big for my foot beyond the proper limit. 7. The people of Delhi are so active that they cannot miss the train. 8. The fox is so

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he had not warned him against that before hand. 3. John asked his sister if it was not a surprise to see her friend there that day.4. The doctor asked his patient if he was taking medicine prescribed to him regularly. 5. She asked me if I knew how to swim. 6. The captain asked the players if they would put their heart and soul in playing the game so that they might win the match. 7. The stranger asked the lady if she had ever been to Delhi. 8. The old man asked the child why he had broken that window pane. 9. The rich man asked the beggar why he did not do any work and if he did not feel ashamed in begging alms from others. 10. Boys asked the teacher when he intended to start the class that day. 11. The traveller asked the cab man how long he would take to reach the destination and if he could not drive the cab a little faster. 12. The customer asked the shopkeeper what the price of that article was and if he could give him two of those articles. 13. The old lady asked the young man if he could tell her where that road led to and if he would guide her way to the railway station. 14. The priest asked the gentleman where that young lady came from and if he could tell him that. 15. Shylock asked Portia how she could call him a cheat and if she would not pay him his dues according to the deed.

C. 1. Mother advised daughter to put on her shoes. 2. The teacher ordered me to open my notebook. 3. Merry forbade her uncle to be mad at her. 4. The coach ordered Jack to get on his feet. 5. The cashier told Angela to give him her receipt. 6. Adam requested his mother to help him with his homework. 7. The officer forbade us to park there. 8. The ambulance driver advised pedestrians to move out of the way. 9. The players proposed that they should start the game. 10. The clerks requested their boss that they should be allowed to see the match on TV.

24. Figures of Speech

9. ‘Break a leg’ 10. ‘Speak of the devil’ 11. ‘See eye to eye’ 12. ‘The best of both worlds’ 13. ‘you can’t judge a book by its cover’ 14. ‘To hit the nail on the head’ 15. ‘A piece of cake’

B. 1. to explode 2. put into practice 3. to continue 4. to become known 5. become extinct 6. quarrel 7. to escape 8. to bear 9. to lay aside 10. to take off

C. 1. Take off 2. look after 3. find out 4. try on 5. hurry up 6. sit down 7. get on 8. look up 9. fill in 10. put out

21. Using a Thesaurus Effectively

A. Do yourself B. Do yourself

22. Active and Passive Voice

A. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. c

B. is, prepared, crushed and beaten, is added, as taken, is prepared, are put, is heated, are allowed

C. 1. Who did the job? 2. He sings a song. 3. The boy killed the spider. 4. Help him. 5. People speak English all over the world. 6. I taught him English. 7. All trust an honest man. 8. Whom did you laugh at? 9. Put the bottle on the table. 10. No one can see the wind.

23. Direct and Indirect Speech

A. 1. The saint said that we are mortal. 2. The milkman says that his cow does not give much milk. 3. Pamela said that it was very hot, and the cooler was out of order. 4. He said that the noise of the passing vehicles distracted his attention. 5. The electrician told the owner that the fuse had blown. He would have to mend it. 6. All will say that the government should not use atom bomb. 7. The teacher told the students that all the plants need air, water, and soil to grow. 8. The teacher said that we should study a few chapters every day. 9. Mr. Anderson said that the Taj Mahal was built by Emperor Shah Jahan. 10. Edna said that her sister would talk to my sister in the evening.

B. 1. Her brother asked her what present he should bring for her when he returned from Mumbai. 2. His friend asked him if

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A. 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. b

B. 1. f 2. c 3. a 4. g 5. d 6. b 7. e

C. Do yourself

25. Synthesis

A. 1. My uncle goes for a walk daily in the morning. 2. Undoubtedly he will be an M.P. 3. The prizes having been distributed to the students, they were glad. 4. Having won a jackpot he built a big mansion. 5. Standing on tip-toe he reached for the bunch of grapes. 6. He is going to London to pursue higher education. 7. Milton, the Homer of England, wrote Paradise Lost. 8. Using the methods of persuasion and coercion Patel, a strong man, brought all the Princely States into the Indian Union. 9. Having realized the danger of communal conflicts Gandhi, a great visionary, sacrificed his life to bring about unity. 10. She went out smiling.

B. 1. I have neither seen nor heard about this book. 2. Either watch the programme quietly or leave the room. 3. He was unwell yet he came for meeting. 4. He was mischievous therefore he was punished. 5. She was asked to sing a song for she has a sweet voice. 6. He came to my house but remained silent. 7. I do not go to school for I have no school uniform. 8. Morning walk is not only useful but also refreshing. 9. I went to my uncle and he gave me hundred rupees. 10. I can't see for it was very dark.

C. 1. I do not know where the thief has run away. 2. Tell me why you are not working hard. 3. I asked him if he would go to Delhi on Monday. 4. It is not known who entered the house. 5. The news that he has won the election is wrong. 6. Listen to what your teachers say. 7. It is not certain how long I shall teach him. 8. That he is a knave is known to all. 9. I do not know who has stolen my pen. 10. Do you know that he is innocent?

D. 1. The boy who was copying, caught

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red handed. 2. I purchased a pen which is very costly. 3. Show me the place where you went yesterday. 4. Wordsworth loved Lucy who lived in the forest. 5. The bicycle on which I go to school is second hand. 6. Take my pen which you like. 7. All know Duke very well who is an artist. 8. Something that glitters are not gold. 9. Such students as abuse others do not keep their company. 10. A boy who was talking with you is our monitor.

E. 1. As soon as I reached the circus, it started. 2. He went to Dehradun because he wanted to consult a doctor. 3. Although he is poor, he is always ready to help others. 4. If you want to pass, work day and night. 5. No other pen is better than this pen. 6. You must run fast so that you may catch the train. 7. He is as intelligent as his sister. 8. I saw the place where Shah Jahan was buried. 9. He worked hard lest he should fail. 10. I learn my lesson as my elder brother teaches me.

F. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. b

26. The Circus Elephant

A. 1. curled 2. bright 3. prowl 4. benign 5. ploy 6. proper B. Do yourself

C. 1. adolescent 2. soft 3. restricted 4. happiness 5. large

D. 1. The children. Because they watch the circle elephants performing various tricks. 2. They were thinking of roaming freely in the jungle. 3. No. 4. Night - light - sight, delight - right.

E. Do yourself

27. Letter Writing

Do yourself

28. Precis Writing

Do yourself

29. Notice Writing

Do yourself

30. Essay Writing

Do yourself