heat wave & forest fire disaster management ppt
TRANSCRIPT
☼ A HEAT WAVE IS A PERIOD OF HIGH TEMPRATURES, MORE THEN THE NORMAL MAXIMUM TEMPRATURE THAT OCCURS DURING THE SUMMER SEASON IN THE NORTH–WESTERN PART OF INDIA. ☼ HEAT WAVE TYPICALLY OCCUR BETWEEN MARCH AND JUNE.
I.M.D.- INDIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
THE I.M.D. HAS GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA FOR HEAT WAVES.→ HEAT WAVE NEED NOT BE CONSIDERED TILL MAXIMUM TEMPRATURE OF A STATION REACHES ATLEAST 40 *C FOR PLAINS AND 30 *C FOR HILLY AREA .
• HEAT CRAMPS : SWELLING AND FAINATING GENARALLY ACCOMPANIED BY FEVER BELOW 39 *C (102 *F).• HEAT EXHAUSTION : FATIGUE, WEAKNESS, DIZZINESS, HEADACHE, VOMITING AND SWEATING.• HEAT STOKE : BODY TEMPRATURES OF 40*C (104*F) OR MORE ALONG WITH DELIRIUM AND COMA.
Body becomes unable to regulate itself & sweating mechanism fails; core body temperature rises
IMMEDIATE attention required... body temperature can rise to >106° in 10-15 min.
Symptoms: Very high body temperature Red, hot skin Rapid strong pulse Throbbing headache Confusion– altered mental state Dizziness, nausea, vomiting Unconsciousness
Called the “silent disaster” Develop slowly Kill 175 people nationwide in
average year... more than tornadoes, hurricanes, lightning, or flooding (& injure many more)
7,421 deaths from 1979 to 1998; 2,590 deaths from 1986 to 2003
Temperature over 98 *F for four days in a row High of 106 *F on 7/13 Heat indices well over 110 *F.
Over 700 deaths from heatstroke and
heat-related illness Exacerbated by urban
heat island effects
Children
Outdoor workers (construction, roofers, migrant workers) Military
Elderly
(especially
urban)
• AVOID GOING OUT IN THE SUN, BETWEEN 12:00 NOON TO 3:00 PM.
• DO NOT LEAVE CHILDREN OR PETS IN PARKED VEHICALES.
• WHILE TRAVELLING CARRY WATER WITH YOU.
• AVOID ALCOHOL, TEA, COFFEE, AND CARBONETED SOFT DRINK, WHICH DEHYDRATES THE BODY.
Preparation Facility Planning
Power, Medical Gases, Water, Etc. Flood zone Material Resources
Communication Redundancy Contingency plans Incident Command!
Workforce issues Adequate staff
Hospital Planning Incident Command Education/Training
Special Needs Behavior Health
Patient & Employee
Hospital Security Facility support Protective measures
Patient Safety Mutual Aid
Public and private partners
Medivac
A forest fire is a natural disaster consisting of a fire which destroys a forested area, and can be a great danger to people who live in forests as well as wildlife. Forest fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human negligence or arson, and can burn thousands of square kilometers.
GROUND FIRE
Burns the humus layer of the forest floor but doesn’t burn above the
surface
SURFACE FIRES
Burn the forest undergrowth and the surface layer
CROWN FIRES
Advance through the tops of the trees
or shrubs
These layers are shown on the next slide…………..
Causes
•NATURAL EVENTS: lightening strikes, drought, anticyclones
•HUMAN ACTIONS: Camp fires, Arson, BBQs, smoking, negligence, fireworks
•PRESCRIBED FIRE: This is used to relive the possible hazard of further fires and causes less damage
90% of forest fires are human caused.
•Loss of land, such as the local forest gardens
•Loss of materials like rubber trees, crops and forest resources.
•Health problems like respiratory difficulty due to the actual fire, and malnutrition due to lost crops.
•Damage to the infrastructure, such as the poorly laid roads, which were un-usable after the fire.
+ EFFECTS•Local governing bodies have stopped the illegal operations of the PALM OIL COMPANY and illegal loggers. This means a reduced chance of the issue re-occurring.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC
•4 Dead•530 homes in flames•Thredbo ski resort evacuated•Cooma and Jindbyne- 1000 evacuated
•260,000 hectares of Victoria National park burnt down
•Small businesses in Sydney suburbs destroyed•Built new homes
After 2000 forest fire USA planned following precautions:
1. Continue to make fire fighting resources available
2. Restore landscapes and rebuild communities that have been economically damaged
3. Work with communities and invest n fire reduction projects
4. Be accountable
•More fire fighter sin at risk areas
•Media campaigns in dry months against negligence
•Education in Schools
•Steep punishment for starting fire
•Back burning in controlled conditions so cannot spread
•Fire beaks e.g. stream or road which fire cannot engulf
•Sprinklers on helicopters
Can be predicted and there are many ways of preventing them
Education of people living near danger zones
Creates comfort and safety although not always the case as with All hazards
Wind is a major factor. Some fires spread along the dead leaves and branches at the bottom of trees.
Also, burning leaves and branches can get blown ahead of the main fire causing smaller fires to start.
Planes and helicopters drop water and chemical fire retardant. Fire-fighters create a control line – an area where they remove all the fuel so that the fire can’t travel across it. This can be a barrier like a river or road. They then cut down dead trees to stop them falling across the fire line. Drip torches are used to burn the plants between the control line and the fire to remove the fuel.