1. natural disasters a disaster that is caused by a natural force examples: forest fires, floods,...
TRANSCRIPT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
1. Natural Disasters
A disaster that is caused by a natural force
Examples: Forest Fires, Floods, Avalanches, and Volcanoes
A. Forest Fires Can start naturally when there is a lightning strike
or humans can start fires with their carelessness with camp fires, cigarettes or other small fires
Harmful Impact Forest fires impact all the organisms living in the
forest by taking away homes, killing organisms and polluting water sources
After a forest fire, rain will carry more soil, ash and soot into rivers and streams. The streams will fill up with fine matter in a process called siltation.
Benefits Trees and other plants in the forest are essential
to the ecosystem. They hold soil in place which prevents erosion. The plants balance the Earth’s atmosphere by keeping the oxygen and carbon dioxide in balance through photosynthesis
Small fires clean out the underbrush in a forest which helps encourage new growth.
Humans set small controlled fires to clean out the underbrush so if a forest fire starts there will not be as much material that will enable a fire to become out of control.
B. Floods The overflow of water that covers land that is
usually dry. The ground becomes saturated and can no longer absorb any more water
They are usually predictable. Not only are terrestrial organisms impacted by
the floods, but also aquatic organisms. Many organisms lose their homes and food sources, but some organisms get stranded out of their habitat such as trout or smaller aquatic organism.
Floods
Harmful Water loosens soil and rock causing erosion
and this can lead to landslides or mudslides.
Benefits Flood waters carry nutrient rich soil to other
ecosystems. Humans often use dams to flood ecosystems
or to control the flooding of ecosystems.
C. Avalanches
The sudden movement of snow or ice down the side of a mountain.
Harmful Any organism in the path of an
avalanche can be suffocated and die. It destroys homes and food sources
Avalanches erode the land making deep gorges in the landscape.
Avalanches
Benefits Avalanches bring down fresh water from
the top of a mountain. Often there are lakes or streams at the bottom of a mountain that are formed from avalanches
Human will purposely trigger an avalanche to minimize the impact it will have on an ecosystem if the snow is allowed to build up.
D. Volcanoes When one tectonic plate is subducted under
another volcanoes are created. Lava is released as well as ash exploding
into the air. All organisms in the ecosystem are affected
not only if they are in the path of the lava or their food source is destroyed by the lava, but also because the ash is released into the air, pollutes the water and settles over the entire ecosystem.
VolcanoHarmful impact They pump greenhouse gases into the air and can
cause the temperature of the entire Earth to drop. The ash pollutes the water causing siltation. The lava erodes the land as it carves a path
through the ecosystem.
Benefit On the other hand, the lava will eventually cool
and create new rock and soil. Humans try to control the flow of lava to minimize
the impact to the ecosystem.
2. Deforestation The cutting down and clearing away of trees and
forests
Harmful Impacts forest organisms such as owls and oak
trees. The trees are killed and hauled away to be used for human needs. Owls homes are lost as well as homes for their food sources.
Loss of trees decreases the world ecosystem by decreasing amount of oxygen produced and carbon dioxide being recycled.
DeforestationHarmful Logging is one of the major contributors of
deforestation. Logging is the business of cutting down trees for manufacturing products
Slash and burn is the practice used to clear land for farming.
When trees are cut down, erosion becomes a problem. Trees and plants roots hold soil in place, without the roots soil will be eroded by both wind and water.
Water sources are polluted by the gasoline and exhaust from machinery used to cut down the trees.
Soil is washed into water causing siltation.
Deforestation
Solutions Rules and Regulations about the
amount of trees that can be cut down. Restoration of Environment by
replanting trees after cutting them down. Rotation of sections of forest that are cut down.
Recycling paper leads to the need for less trees being cut down.
3. Global Warming
An apparent gradual rise in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect is the warming of the atmosphere around the earth caused by gases such as carbon dioxide that collect in the atmosphere and prevent the sun’s heat from escaping.
Global WarmingHarmful Causes glaciers to melt sending large quantities of
fresh water into the ocean which leads to desalinization of the ocean.
As the glaciers melt, they start to move carving huge valleys through the landscape causing massive erosion.
The ice caps are shrinking leading to organisms such as the polar bears and penguins losing their habitats and food sources.
Global WarmingSolutions Use alternative fuel sources so less carbon
monoxide is pumped into the air as well as sulfur dioxide.
Recycle so that there will be less loss of natural resources such as trees that help clean our air.
Plant trees Conserve Energy
4. Depletion of Natural Resources
Natural Resources are materials found in nature that human use such as forests, water, minerals and fossil fuels.
Problem- Humans are using Earth’s Natural Resources faster than they can be replaced.
Harmful Deforestation Water Pollution Pollution due to use of Fossil Fuels Strip Mining
Depletion of Natural ResourcesFossil Fuels- coal, oil or natural gas formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals.
Humans are using fossil fuels faster than they can be replaced.
Fossil fuels contribute to global warming and pollution.
Strip Mining- is the destruction of the landscape in order to dig out minerals such as coal for human use. Ex: Tennessee
Plants are ripped from the ground and organisms lose their habitats.
Depletion of Natural Resources
Solutions Use alternative fuel sources so less carbon
monoxide is pumped into the air as well as sulfur dioxide.
Recycle so that there will be less loss of natural resources such as trees that help clean our air.
Plant trees Conserve Water Conserve Energy
5. Pollution
When harmful materials that damage or contaminate the air, water and soil are released into the environment.
Such as: chemicals, gasoline exhaust and industrial waste
Organisms from around the world are impacted.
Pollution
Pollution- (Pol-lu-tion) the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution.
AIR
The summary: Air is what we breathe. Simple, right? Pretty much. And, if we put bad things in the air, we breath it in. Animals breathe it in.
Caused by:
-Factory chemicals disposed into the air
-Burning Gasoline
-Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Hydro carbons
-Nuclear processes
Chernobyl• The Chernobyl incident in 1986 was because of a bad reactor design
that was operated with badly trained workers. 28 people along with two workers died of nuclear poisoning. This probably killed many plants and animals and caused the rest to migrate out of the area into other places, therefore causing them to confuse the food chain in that area. Like squirrels. Squirrels need good air to breath, and if they see their families die, then they’ll move somewhere else, where there is already squirrels. So, the squirrel population will grow, and eat all the nuts.
Correcting Air pollution
Air filtering systems are used everywhere. And factories are regulated to the amount of bad chemicals they can release in a day, but some things aren’t resolved and should be. Gasoline ran cars should be replaced with electric, hydro, or air powered vehicles, or carpooling with friends to an event.
WATER
The summary: Water is very important to every living thing. So, if we pollute all our water, we will die. Again, simple things.
Caused by:
-Throwing things into the water
-Oil spills
-Disposal of waste.
-Disposal of chemicals.
-Putting chemicals down the wrong drain.
Camelford The water incident happened in Camelford, Cornwall, England on a
hot July day in 1988. A temporary driver for South West Water accidently dumped 20 tons of aluminum sulfate into the wrong tank at the treatment plant. This made the water bad to drink. Residents complained about the water causing skin irritations and strange taste. Some even complained about their hair turning blue. This probably killed many pets that drank the water also. Like for one example, cats. Cats might catch mice, and if they die the mice population will grow. Mostly only living things that got water out of the tap got sick.
Correcting Water pollutionWater filtering systems are usually put on
faucets so if water gets polluted we don’t have to hassle. But, if we don’t put strange liquids down the wrong drain, the things wont happen as often. Also, if big companies are not sure how dumping what they need to get rid of into oceans, they should consult a scientist on how to safely dispose the product.
LAND
Land is what we walk upon. Land connects with both air and water. If we litter, the litter can go into the water. If we drop something, it can release bad fumes that go into the air. Landfills should not exist, because they will just keep getting bigger and bigger.
Caused by:-Littering-Throwing things into the trash-Not recycling-Not picking up after ones self
Correcting Land Pollution
RECYCLE. That’s the answer to most of the land pollution. If we keep setting things aside, it will build up over time. Look at this bottle. Throw it away? Look at this
6. Construction Construction occurs when humans build a structure
or a road.
Harmful Construction reduces or eliminates vegetation,
destroying organisms and their habitats. (Deforestation)
Waste made during construction leaches back into the ecosystem through the soil and water.
Soil is moved during construction which leads to erosion by wind and water.
Water is polluted by construction materials and exhaust from machinery used in construction
Construction Road kill occurs because even though the ecosystem has
been altered by construction, animals still follow migrator patterns. Ex: Deer, possum, etc..
Solutions Laws and Regulations about how and where construction
can occur. Proper designs and planning Minor alterations to get rid of unneeded structures could
be significant. Avoid construction on wetland and endangered species
habitats. Disturb as little vegetation around the construction sight
as possible. Control erosion and sediment during and after
construction.
7. Farming The growing of crops and raising of animals for food
Problem- Humans impact the environment through the clearing of land and the using of chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers.
Harmful Clearing of land leads to erosion (ex: Dust Bowl) Overgrazing of animals leads to erosion. Plants
roots hold soil in place. Water pollution- fertilizers seep into the water and
cause over growth of algae. When the algae uses all the oxygen in the water, killing aquatic life such as fish like minnow.
Farming
We put
waste,
fertilizers and pesticides
in fields
The pollution gets into ground
water and streams
Cows
drink
the wate
r and get
sick.
We eat the
cows and the
waste and
toxins goes into us
Farming
Pesticides- kill insects on crops, but can leach into the ground and cause groundwater contamination. (leads to boil water orders for humans)
Solutions Crop rotation- gives soil a chance to rest No-till farming reduces erosion Plant cover crops- fast growing plants with many
shallow roots Strip cropping- planting two crops in same fields
to prevent erosion
Farming Windbreaks- planting trees and
shrubs along the side of a field to prevent wind from blowing soil away
Contour planting- planting crops that follow the shape of the land instead of straight rows.
Rotating animals in different fields before overgrazing can occur.
Use of organic fertilizers and pesticides to limit impact of water and organisms in ecosystem.
Contour planting
Improper planting leads to erosion
8. Dams A barrier built across a stream or river to
hold back water Humans have been building dams for
centuries
Harmful Fish – not able to cross the barrier Upstream fish – not able to spawn –
population will decrease Towns and forests destroyed and flooded Sediment and silt being blocked holds back
nutrients – reduces land fertility
Dams Loss of forests lead to erosion Disrupts movement of water – less
oxygen for aquatic life in the river Dams prevent the flow of plants and nutrients
to primary consumers and beyond Slower water flow increases the water
temperature Stretches below the dam are usually
completely de-watered, changing the ecosystem
Border vegetation – changes in what will grow
Solutions to building Dams Reform dams to more closely resemble the natural
habitat Carefully remove dams through proper removal
techniques to restore the original habitat and restore the original water flow
Problems with removing Dams Very costly Floods towns and new habitats that have formed
since the dam was built Very difficult to completely restore to original
conditions The toxic sediment has been built up behind the wall
of the dams which would damage downstream water quality
9. Channelization of Rivers The modification of a natural river
channel; may include deepening, widening, or straightening. Including the use of Dams
Purposes: to reduce flooding and to reroute water to urban areas, improving drainage, and maintenance of navigation.
ChannelizationHarmful A loss of wetlands. The channelization
makes the rivers become straight.When it is straight it makes the water flow more rapid.
Can cause flooding downstream from the channelized area.
A channelized river
The natural path of a river
Channelization
Ecosystems such as Mono Lake become dry salty deserts
Organisms must find new water sources animals can’t swim down the river
because the dam blocks their way out. Dams disturb the algae, the fish that eat
algae, and salmon or other fish that eat fish.
10. Coastal Stabilization
Shore erosion control practices using hardened structures that armor and stabilize the shoreline landward of the structure from further erosion.
Examples:Bulkheads, concrete sea walls, rip-rap, jetties, groins, breakwaters, stone reinforcement
Coastal StabilizationBenefits Helps control loss of land due to wave erosion The coastline retains its shape Reduces flooding
Harmful Animals like the sea turtle cannot get over the
structure to lay their eggs Animals get crushed or trapped in the structure
11. Reintroduction of Species the deliberate release of animals from
captivity into the wild. It usually involves species that are endangered or extinct in the wild. In some cases, reintroduction involves a species that had been wiped out in a particular ecosystem, but survived elsewhere in the wild.
Humans attempt to undo the harm we have done to an ecosystem
Reintroduction of Species
Benefits Helps to balance ecosystem Organisms won’t go extinct
Harmful Could unbalance ecosystem Interferes with human activities
Examples: Wolves being reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. (started in 1881)
wolves needed to balance Elk population. Elk population out of control, eating all saplings reducing aspen tree population
Farmers upset that wolves will invade farms and kill livestock