health skills ii unit 202
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Health Skills II Unit 202. Range of Motion. Range of Motion (ROM). definition: exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of joint structures. Purpose of ROM. maintain joint movement and integrity - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Health Skills IIUnit 202
Range of Motion
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Range of Motion(ROM) definition:
exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of joint structures
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Purpose of ROM maintain joint movement and integrity
prevent deterioration of joint structures, ankylosis and contractures
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Indications for ROM patients on
prolonged bed rest
prevention of contracture
stimulates circulation
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Types of ROM active (AROM)
performed by patient patient moves the joints through available
ROM maintains muscle strength and joint mobility
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Types of ROM active assistive (AAROM)
performed by patient with assistance from another person or mechanical device
patient uses stronger limb to move or support weaker limb
practitioner completes movement through full available ROM
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Types of ROM passive (PROM)
performed for patient by healthcare worker or caregiver
moves all muscle groups within each plane over each joint
does not maintain muscle strength maintains joint flexibility & integrity
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Types of ROM stretching
forcing movement beyond the available ROM
contraindicated for most healthcare personnel
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Principles of ROM Check doctor’s
orders Know the patient
diagnosis and rationale for ROM
Explain the procedure to the patient
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Principles of ROM use good body mechanics
expose limb being exercised
support body part proximal to joint
use slow smooth rhythmic motion
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Key Factors for ROM
start ROM exercises on the unaffected side start each movement in neutral position use a firm comfortable grip while maintaining
support of the extremity avoid forcing beyond range avoid overexerting patient avoid skin friction exercise just below point of pain, NOT beyond
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Key Factors for ROM
if rigidity occurs slightly decrease ROM until it subsides
stop if spastic contraction occurs talk to patient to help them relax expect heart rate and respirations to rise exercise 2-3x’s daily, 5-10 movements(see
physician’s or Physical Therapist orders) document procedure & patient reaction
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Basic Terminology - ROM Flexion
to bend a joint Extension
to straighten a joint Abduction
move away from midline of body Adduction
move toward midline of body
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Basic Terminology - ROM Horizontal Abduction
moving away from body in a transverse plane
Horizontal Adduction moving toward body in a transverse plane
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Basic Terminology - ROM Rotation
internal (medial) pivoting inward along an axis
external (lateral) pivoting outward along an axis
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Basic Terminology - ROM Supination
rotate forearm, palm up Pronation
rotate forearm, palm down Opposition
oppose thumb tip to base of little finger (may be done to each individual finger tip)
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Basic Terminology - ROM Eversion
sole of foot turned outward at the ankle Inversion
sole of foot turned inward at the ankle Dorsiflexion
an upward or backward motion of the ankle towards the hips
Plantar Flexion a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle
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Example of Flexion
Elbow flexion bend
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Example of Flexion
Knee flexion bend
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Example of Flexion
Toes flexion bend
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Example of Extension
Knee extension straight
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Example of Extension
Head & Neck extension straight
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Example of Abduction
Hip abduction away from
midline of body
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Example of Adduction
Toes adduction toward midline
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Examples of Rotation Head and Neck
rotation turning part on its
axis
Left
Right
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Example of Rotation Hip internal
rotation pivoting inward
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Example of Horizontal Adduction
Shoulder horizontal adduction toward body in
transverse plane
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Example of Supination Forearm
supination rotate forearm,
palm up
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Example of Pronation Forearm
pronation rotate forearm,
palm down
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Example of Opposition Thumb
opposition oppose thumb tip
base of little finger or to finger tip of each individual finger
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Example of Eversion Ankle eversion
sole of foot turned outward at the ankle
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Example of Inversion Ankle inversion
sole of foot turned inward at the ankle
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Example of Dorsiflexion Ankle
dorsiflexion an upward or
backward motion of the ankle toward the hips
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Example of Plantar Flexion Ankle plantar
flexion a toe down motion
of the foot at the ankle