health educ power point

8/9/2019 Health Educ Power Point

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OPENING

PRAYER


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What is the difference

between drugs andmedicines?

Drugs are substances,

excluding food that alter the

function of the body, while

medicines are drugs that areused to treat, prevent, and

diagnose illness.


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What are drug use, drug

misuse and drug abuse?Drug use is the use of drugs (including alcohol) inany form, legal or illegal, whether by prescription or

recreational purposes.

Drug misuse is the inappropriate use of drugsincluding prescribed or non- prescribed medicines.

Examples of drug misuse include: taking medicine left- over from a previous illness. Driving after taking certain medications. Drinking alcohol while taking certain medications. Mixing medications without consulting a physician.


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Drug abuse is the use of drugs that resultsin impairment of a users ability to functionnormally or that is harmful to the user orothers. Poly drug abuse is the simultaneousabuse of more than one drug.


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Dependence/Drug Addiction> It is a compulsive use of drugs despite adverse

psychological, physiological, or social consequences.

Its characteristics therefore includes:a.) an overpowering desire or need to continue taking the

drug and to obtain it by any means.

b.) a tendency to increase the dose.

c.) a psychological and physical dependence on theeffects of the drugs.

d.) detrimental effects on the individual and on a society.

* Physical dependence is a physiological process in whichrepeated doses of a drug cause the body to adopt to thepresence of the drug.


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The commonly

abused drugs


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1.)Cocaine

- a strong stimulant that is derived from theleaves of the cocoa bush.- cocaine hydrochloride is a colorless white,odorless crystalline powder made from thecombination of coca leaves, sulfuric acid,kerosene and hydrochloric acid.- may be inhaled through the nose or snort it;the effects peak in 15 to 20 minutes

and disappear in 60 to 90 minutes.- a cocaine solution maybe injected under the skin,into a muscle or into a vein; the result is anintense high that crest in 3 to 5 minutes andwanes over 30 to 40 minutes.


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Powder Cocaine

Crack Cocaine


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2.) Caffeine- found in a wide variety of sources: tea, coffee, soda

pop, chocolate- flavored products, prescription

drugs and over the counter drugs.- caffeine is the worlds most widely used stimulant.

* Caffeinism is a condition of chronic caffeine toxicity or poisoningassociated with very heavy use and preoccupation with caffeine. Signsand symptoms include:

-disruption of sleep-wakefulness-mood changes-anxiety

-Restlessness-Irritability-Muscle twitching-headache-tingling in ears and drying of

mouth

-lethargy and depression-palpitations and irregularities

in heartbeat-changes in blood pressure

-nausea and vomiting-stomach pain-diarrhea-various body complaints


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3.) Marijuana

- a wild plant whose scientific name is Cannabis Sativa.

- the leafy material and small stems are dried and crushed for theusers to smoke the mixture in rolled cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.

- the reins collected from scraping the flowering tops of the plant

yield a marijuana product called the hashis or hash, commonlysmoked in pipe.

- forms of hashish: balls, cakes, or cookie-like sheets. It isfrequently smoked, either alone or mixed in with tobacco, as wellas baked in cookies or candies (McKin,1991)


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Research findings regardingmarijuana use among young

people: The lower the age of initial use of alcohol and

cigarettes, the more likely the individual is touse marijuana;

Age of first use of marijuana has steadilydecreased;

High school seniors who spend little time athome are more likely to be daily users than arethose less socially active;

High school seniors who are daily users ofmarijuana are much more likely to use otherdrugs than are less frequent users.


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Hemp Plant Cannabis

Sativa

Cannabis In a

Dried Form


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4.) Narcotics

- refer to a second type of depressants that has aninhibiting effect on the awareness or perception of pain

Opiates natural narcotic drugs- its main source is the poppy Papaver somniferum

Morphine one of the most effective drugs known for therelief of pain

Forms: white crystals, hypodermic tablets, and injectablepreparations.

May be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, orintravenously

Codeine produces less analgesia and sedation comparedwith morphine

Heroin most commonly used street narcotic

very much desired by narcotic-dependent persons

administered by inhalation or smoking


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Opium Poppy

Papover somniferum

Red Rock Opium


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Heroin (powdered form)

Samples of

Heroin


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EFFECTS OF

DRUG ABUSE


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1.) Psychological Dependence> also known as addiction, is a pattern of continualcravings fro drug when not experiencing pain. The

pattern of drug seeking is compulsive and withoutcontrol. There is continued use despite physical,financial or social harm. The client also seeks for theconsequences of continued use.

2.) Physical Dependence> is seen when a client abruptly stops taking abuse

drugs. iety, chills alternating with hot flashes,irritability, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and insomnia.

3.) Accident and Suicide leading to death> If you take too much abusive drugs, you might beinvolved in a trouble because youre not in normal

state of thinking which can result to any injury.4.) Slow Mental Response> taking excessive drugs may alter the brain that maylead to slow stimulus effect.,


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SCHOOL- BASED PREVENTION

APPROACHES

The following discussion will includeschool standards, assessing drug-use problems in schools, schoolpolicies, a comprehensive drug-prevention curriculum, positive peerprograms, resistance training, drug-free activities, student assistance

program, early- childhood programs,working with high- risk students, andin- service training.


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SCHOOL STANDARDS

- The best way that a school can prevent students fromusing drugs is simply to be a good school. This meanshaving a challenging curriculum; high expectations for allstudents; knowledgeable teachers; an energeticprincipal; involved parents; and an orderly, disciplines

learning environment.

- Effective prevention curricula emphasize a message of no use of alcohol and other drugs, encourage civicresponsibility and respect for the law , and teachchildren the importance of being healthy and drug- free.

- Schools should supplement and reinforce their anti-drug curricula by establishing and enforcing drug- freeschool policies. Schools should offer a studentassistance program and plan drug- free activities for thestudents.


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ASSESSING DRUG- USE

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOLS- School personnel should be informed about the extent of drug use intheir school. School boards, superintendents and other public officialsshould support school administrators in their efforts to assess the extentof drug problems and to contact them.

- To guide and evaluate effective drug prevention efforts, schools can

take the following actions:

Conduct anonymous surveys of students and consult with local lawenforcement officials to identify the extent of drug problems.

Bring together school personnel to identify areas where drugs are beingused and sold.

Meet with parents to help determine the nature and extent of drug use.

Maintain record on drug use and sales in the school over a period of time,

for use in improving and evaluating prevention efforts. Inform the community of the results of the schools assessment of alcoholand other drug problems.


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SCHOOL POLICIES- School policies should clearly establish that drug use, possessions andsale on the school grounds and at school functions will not be tolerated.- School policies should have the following characteristics:

1.) Specify what constitutes a drug offense by defining:

illegal substance and paraphernalia

the area of the schools jurisdiction

the types of violation

2.) State the consequences for violating school policy.

a required meeting of the student and his/ her parents with schoolofficials, concluding with a contract signed by the student and parents.

Suspensions, assignments to an alternative school, in schoolsuspension, after school or Saturday detention with the closesupervision and demanding academic assignments

- it is important that established policies are enforced fairly andconsistently.- ensure that everyone understands the policy and the procedures thatwill be followed in case of infractions

- make copies of the school policy available to all parents, teachers, andstudents and publicize the policy throughout the school and thecommunity.

- drug testing in schools. Proposals to employ during testing in schools

often create great controversy.


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COMPREHENSIVE DRUG- PREVENTION

CURRICULUM

- a model program should have three mainobjectives:

to maintain and value sound personal health.

to offer healthy avenues for student interests.

determine curriculum content appropriate for theschools grade level and assessed drug problems.

review existing materials for possible adaptation.

include students in all grades.

teach about drugs in health education classes.

develop expertise in drug prevention.


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POSITIVE PEER

PROGRAMS- utilize student peers as role models, facilitators,

helpers, and leaders for other school- aged children.

- provide help to young people who are havingproblems, who are undergoing normal adolescentstresses, want to confide in someone, and who wantto participate in school and community serviceactivities.

- school administrators must be prepared to provideextensive support and guidance in order to ensuresuccessful implementation in peer programs.


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RESISTANCE

TRAINING- often called refusal skills training, the

strategy of resistance training grew out of

successful efforts to teach adolescent howto say NO to smoking.

- gives children a practical social skills theyneed to handle such pressure.

- Lately, this training has been furtherexpanded to help youth resist peer toparticipate in criminal activities.


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FREE

ACTIVITIES

- activities ranging from boys and girls clubsto midnight basketball leagues can helprelieve the boredom that tempts manyyoung people to become involve withdrugs, as well as provide them withresponsible adult supervision.

- provides young people with a sense ofcamaraderie and community that cancompete with the appeal of youth campsand drug trafficking network.

STUDENT


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STUDENTASSISTANCE

PROGRAM- teaches and other personnel are trained to recognizealcohol and other drug involvement or related problemsthat may interfere with the student ability to function atschool and then to use a referral process for gettingappropriate help for the students.

* Student Assistance programs strive to:1.) identify early, drug involvement or other problems;

2.) refer students to designated helpers within the school;

3.) provide in- school support and/ or counseling servicesand groups.

4.) refer students to outside mental- health; drug

treatment, and family services organization andprofessionals.

- the key component in successful student assistanceprograms is the endorsement, support and involvement ofschool officials and administrators, community leadersand organizations, parents and students.


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EARLY- CHILDHOOD

PROBLEMS

- drug- prevention programs once targeted only highschool and junior high school students.

- prevention is most effective when young people arereached at a much earlier age, even as early as

preschool; before they are faced with theopportunity to try drugs.

- effective preschool programs can enhance positivechild development as well as work with parents toimprove their preventing skills.

- research findings suggest that programs can partly

counteract the effects of dysfunctional families andexposure to violent surroundings.

- shown to reduce the long- term incidence ofacademic failure , criminal behaviors and otherbehavioral problems associated with drug use.


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WORKING WITH HIGH

RISK STUDENTS

- schools must become advocates

for students which lack

adequate support from their

families or the service

community service system.


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IN- SERVICE TRAINING

- in- service training for teachers and counselors shouldinclude information on the following:

` the laws on all drugs including alcohol and tobacco.

the schools alcohol and drug policy and implementation.

the schools drug education and prevention curriculumand programs, and the responsibilities of each teacher

and counselor. drug use, misuse and dependency especially the harmfuleffects of binge and heavy alcohol drinking and smoking.

high risk and protective factors important at differentdevelopmental periods.

influence of family, ethnic, and cultural backgroundincluding social drinking by adults.

ways to identify students with drug problems and theappropriate time and method to intervene.

available resources and procedures for referring studentswith problems.

ways to communicate with parents.


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CLOSING

PRAYER


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