Hazard Communication and Laboratory Safety

Jay Abbt,

Daron White

Environmental Health & Safety Department

Adapted from TAMUs Lab Safety Program

Contents

Section OneSafety on Campus

Section TwoHazard Communication

Section ThreeGeneral Safety

Section FourChemical Safety

Section FiveEmergency Response

SAFETY

Safety Contacts

Ethics Point (reporting unsafe conditions)

1.888.501.3850Emergency (FD, PD, EMS)

(936) 261-49114-911

UPD (non-emergency)(936) 261-1375

EHS (8-5)(936) 261-1745/1746

EMAIL

ehs@pvamu.eduMaintenance (Trouble Call)

(936) 261-9700

Section One

Environmental Health & Safety Programs

Biological Safety Chemical Safety CPR, First Aid, AEDConstruction Plan Review Defensive DriverFire & Life Safety Fume Hood TestingSpill Response

Hazard CommunicationHazardous WasteIndustrial HygieneLaboratory SafetyLaser Safety Protocol Review Radiological SafetySafety InspectionsSafety Training

Section One

Reporting Accidents

Actual Accidents and Injuries: Report Immediately!

Near Accidents: Inform Supervisor & EHSHazardous Conditions: Inform Supervisor

FIRST REPORT OF INJURYCompleted by Supervisor

http://www.tdi.state.tx.us/forms/dwc/dwc001rpt.pdf

Section One

Purpose of Hazard Communication

To ensure that employers and employees know about work hazards and how to protect themselves so that the incidence of illnesses and injuries due to hazardous chemicals is reduced.

Section Two

Texas Hazard Communication

Applies to all employees working for this state who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating conditions or foreseeable

emergencies

Section Two

Texas Hazard Communication

An official Texas Department of State

Health Services “Notice to

Employees” must be posted at the

location(s) within each workplace where notices are normally

posted

Section Two

General HazCom Requirements for Prairie View A&M University

Laboratory Safety Manual is available at: http://www.pvamu.edu/pages/547.asp

Workplace Chemical Lists

Material Safety Data Sheets

Labeling

Training

Workplace Program

Section Two

Laboratory Requirements

TrainingSupervision Material Safety Data SheetsPrimary and Secondary Container Labeling PPEWork Area Chemical Inventory (Lab, stockroom, and/or bldg list)

Section Two

TrainingRequirements

When assignment begins

Whenever a New or Increased Hazard is Introduced

Whenever New and Significant Hazard Information is Received for a Chemical in the Work Area

Section Two

General Safety Training

Information on MSDS and how to obtain themInformation on labelsGeneric information on hazardous chemicalsFirst AidPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)Chemical spill clean-upChemical Waste Disposal

Section Two

Work Area Specific Training

Information on hazardous chemicalsLocation of MSDSsPPEFirst AidSpill clean-upChemical Waste Disposal

Lab Manager/PILab Manager/PI

Section Two

Material Safety Data Sheets Requirements

Readily Accessible

Work Area File

Manufacturer/Distributor

EHS: 936.261.1745 / 1746 http://www.pvamu.edu/pages/547.asp

Current

Section Two

Material Safety Data Sheets Information

IdentificationManufacturer Name and AddressPhysical and Chemical CharacteristicsPhysical HazardsHealth HazardsRoutes of EntryExposure LimitsCarcinogenicitySafe HandlingEmergency and First-Aid

Section Two

Primary Container Labeling

Identity

Hazards

Manufacturer

Section Two

Secondary Container Labeling

Identity (as it appears on the MSDS)

Hazards (words, pictures and/or symbols)

(In research laboratory, chemicals must be readily identifiable)

Section Two

Flash Point

4-Below 73oF

3-Below 100oF

2-Above 100oF Not Exceeding 200oF

1-Above 200oF

0-Will Not Burn

4-Deadly

3-Extreme Danger

2-Hazardous

1-Slightly Hazardous

0-Normal

Labeling:N.F.P.A. 704

4-May Detonate

3-Shock and Heat May Detonate

2-Violent Chemical Change

1-Unstable if Heated

0-Stable

OX-Oxidizer

ACID-Acid

ALK-Alkali

W-Use no Water

Section Two

Labeling D.O.T.

Section Two

Labeling

N.F.P.A.

D.O.T.

Section Two

Safety Considerations

HazardThe source of danger (chemical, electrical, hot surface, etc.)

RiskThe likelihood of occurrence (Taking into account the length of exposure to the hazard)

ConsequenceOutcome & Impact (due to exposure to the hazard)

Section Three

Physical Hazards

ElectricalCuts & Puncture Wounds

Mechanical

Noise

Temperature

Projectiles

Housekeeping

Section Three

Physical Hazards

Electrical

Cuts & Puncture WoundsMechanicalNoiseTemperatureProjectilesHousekeeping

Section Three

Physical Hazards

ElectricalCuts & Puncture Wounds

MechanicalNoiseTemperatureProjectilesHousekeeping

Section Three

Physical Hazards

ElectricalCuts & Puncture WoundsMechanical

NoiseTemperatureProjectilesHousekeeping

Section Three

Physical Hazards

ElectricalCuts & Puncture WoundsMechanicalNoise

TemperatureProjectilesHousekeeping

Section Three

Physical Hazards

ElectricalCuts & Puncture WoundsMechanicalNoiseTemperature

ProjectilesHousekeeping

Section Three

Physical Hazards

Electrical

Cuts & Puncture Wounds

Mechanical

Noise

Temperature

Projectiles

Housekeeping

Section Three

Section Three

Section Three

Section Three

Compressed Gases

Gases -- Toxic, Corrosive, Flammable, Explosive

Hazards WeightSudden release of pressure

Regulator (appropriate type)

Properly SecuredReport any LeaksHave IdentificationKnow Procedures Remove Empty Cylinders

Section Three

Liquid Cryogens

Cryogens, such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen, and helium are extremely cold liquids that can produce a painful burn.Cryogens can expand rapidly and must never be contained in a closed system.Eyes and bare skin can be injured immediately if they come into contact with cryogens.

Section Three

Liquid Nitrogen Burn to the Hand

Section Three

What Should I Look For on Cryogenic Cylinders?

Cylinders should be tested every five years. Contact EHS for details.Look for swelling (ribbing) of the external tank. If evidence exists, contact EHS immediately!

Section Three

What Should I Look For on Cryogenic Cylinders?

Report any excessive venting or leakage to the vendor and EHS.

Always check that a pressure relief valve and rupture disc are present on the cylinder prior to filling or usage

Section Three

Pressure Relief Valve and Rupture Disc

Section Three

Section Three

Chemical Storage

Store by hazard classDate when received and when openedSeparate incompatiblesKeep from heat/sunlightLabel properly (secondary container)Minimize quantitiesDo not store flammables in household refrigerator or freezerProtect against spillsDispose of outdated, questionable or unneeded

Section Three

What’s wrong with these pictures?

Section Three

What’s wrong with this picture?

Section Three

What’s wrong with this picture?

Section Three

What’s wrong with this picture?

Section Three

Section Three

Hazard Reduction

Engineering ControlsSubstitutionElimination of the hazardAdministrative (rules, signs, training)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Section Three

Chemical Fume Hood

Keep sash closed

Raise large equipment

Keep equipment at least 6” from face

Keep clean

Not for storage

No perchloric acid

Do not modify

Do not block airflow

Avoid rapid movement

Section Three

Section Three

What’s wrong with this picture?

Personal Protective Equipment

Eyes

Safety Glasses, Chemical Splash Goggles, Full Face Shield (with protective eyewear)

Hands

Appropriate Type of Gloves

Body

Lab Coat, Apron, Tie Long Hair Back, Closed Toe Shoes, and Other Appropriate Clothing

Respiratory

Dust Mask, Full and Half Face Respirators, SCBA

Section Three

Hazardous Waste

Use appropriate containerNo “Incompatible Waste”Allow for expansionKeep closedLabel “Hazardous Waste”Identify contents

Section Three

Hazardous Waste

Deface container label

Complete Hazardous Waste Tag

Contact EHS for vendor information so you can purchase tags to have available for use.

Section Three

Hazardous Materials Shipping

Section Three

Corrosives

Destroy tissue at the point of contact

Acids

Bases

Dehydrating Agents

Strong Oxidizing Agents

Section Four

Working with Corrosives

Protect Eyes and Skin

Work in Hood

Large QuantitiesWear protective clothing

A-W Dilution

Section Four

Contact with Corrosives

Remove contaminated clothing

Rinse in safety shower or eyewash for at least 15 minutes

Seek Medical Attention

Section Four

Reactives

Undergo violent reaction under certain conditions

Explosive

Readily Polymerize

Water Reactive

Air Reactive

Strong Oxidizers

Section Four

Working with Reactives

Preplan to reduce exposure

Isolate from cause of reaction

StorageSeparate from other chemicals

Keep in Cool/dry area

Out of sunlight

Section Four

When Reactive React

Emergency EquipmentFire Extinguisher

Respiratory Equipment

ContactFlush for 15 minutes

(except with water reactives)

Section Four

Flammable Liquids

Any liquid that has a flash point below 100oF

Differs from Combustible Liquid (Any liquid that has a flash point at or above 100oF)

Section Four

Flammable Solids

A solid that is liable to cause fires through friction, absorption of moisture, etc. or which can be readily ignited (I.E. sodium metal)

Section Four

Flammables: Key Terms

Flash point: The temperature at which vapors burn when ignited

Fire Point: The temperature at which liquid burns when ignited

Autoignition temperature: The lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite spontaneously (without ignition source)

Section Four

Defining Flammable Limits

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) – The mixture of substance and air is too rich to burn (not enough oxygen)

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) – The mixture of substance and air lacks sufficient fuel (substance) to burn

Section Four

Working with Flammables

Remove Ignition Source (heat or spark)

Keep away from oxidizers and combustible materials

Work in a fume hood or a well ventilated area

Section Four

Storage of Flammables

Well ventilated areaFlammable storage cabinetLab-safe refrigeratorIsolated from incompatible chemicals

Section Four

When there is a Fire

Fire Extinguishers

Building Alarms

Building Procedures

Section Four

Toxins

Cause illness or injury by upsetting biological functions or damaging biological structures

Acute exposureChronic exposure

Dose-response relationship

“sola dosis facit venenum” -Paracelsus

Section Four

Factors affecting Toxicity

Dosage

Duration of exposure

Exposure to other chemicals

Mixtures

Routes of entry

Physical health

Inherited parameters

Sensitivity to the chemical

Section Four

Types of Toxins

Carcinogenscause growth of abnormal tissue

Reproductive Toxinsinterfere with reproduction of adult

Teratogensinterfere with embryo/fetus development

Section Four

Types of Toxins

Mutagensalters DNA

Neurotoxinsdamage nervous system

Section Four

Working with Toxins

Safe levels of exposure are established by three entities: NIOSH, OSHA, and ACGIH

Section Four

Working with Toxins

Explanation of acronyms

REL – Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)

PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)

TLV – Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH)

Section Four

Working with Toxins

Explanation of acronyms

STEL – Short Term Exposure Limit

IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

C - Ceiling value (a concentration that must not be exceeded during any part of the work day)

TWA - Time-Weighted Average

Section Four

Example from NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Hydrogen fluoride (HF)CAS: 7664-39-3

Exposure LimitsNIOSH REL: TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) C 6 ppm (5 mg/m3) [15-minute] OSHA PEL: TWA 3 ppm IDLH: 30 ppmConversion 1 ppm = 0.82 mg/m3

Working with Toxins

Read MSDS for exposure limits and proper handling information

Use Fume Hood

Proper Protective Gear

No food or drinks in lab

Section Four

Working with Toxins

When in doubt, contact EHS

Information

Monitoring

Recommendations

Section Four

Contact Phone Numbers

Emergency4-911

(936) 261-4911

EHS(936) 261-1745 / 1746

Section Five

First Aid

Remove contaminated clothing

Flush with water(at least 15 minutes)

Chemical specific first aid

Medical attention call (936) 261-4911

Section Five

Safety Equipment to look for:

Section Five

Chemical Spill Clean-up

Rule of thumb: you can clean the spill up yourself if it can be done without hurting yourself or others and it’s not an emergency or likely to become an emergency.

If not, call 4-911.

If you do clean it up you are still required to call EHS.

Section Five

Chemical Spill Clean-up

Develop plan of actionKnow when to call for HELP!

How to contain spill

Who is responsible for the clean up

How to Decontaminate the area

Section Five

Chemical Spill Clean-up

Identify chemical

Protect yourself

Notify others

Attend to injured or exposed

Clean up or Call for help

Section Five

Conclusion

Know the safety contact numbers

Report any accidents immediately

Have the appropriate training when a new hazard is introduced

Use a current MSDS to know the characteristics of each chemical

Label all containers with their contents

Conclusion

Know the hazards and risks in your lab and the consequences of an incidentKeep in mind the safety of compressed gas and cryogenic cylindersPractice good chemical storage and handling techniquesWear the Proper Protective Equipment at all times

Conclusion

Use the fume hood when appropriate and operate properlyLabel and dispose of hazardous waste appropriatelyKnow the specific hazards of the chemicals you will be working withKnow the proper first aid procedures for the chemicals you will be working withKnow where your safety equipment is located

A SAFE ATTITUDEIS CONTAGIOUS !

- PASS IT ON -