Counseling FoundationsUnit 1- (unit 1b)

Harvey Hoyo, Ed.D.National University- Costa Mesa

Course Custodian: CED607

Objectives

How did our profession

arrive to its current state?

ObjectivesDescribe historical development

Why Vocational Guidance1950 – 1960: Paradigm shiftRoger’s influence

Social Policy Legislation

Professional Associations

Counseling

A relationship between two people so that one

person can help the other resolve a problem/issue

Counseling vs. PsychotherapyCounseling is more for . . .

Psychotherapy is more for . . .

Clients/Students PatientsMild Disorders Serious DisordersPersonal, social, vocational, education, and decision making problems

Personality problems

Preventive and developmental concerns

Remedial concerns

Educational & developmental settings

Clinical and medical settings

Conscious concerns

Unconscious concerns

Teaching methods Healing methods

When Did Our Profession Start?

Late 1800’s

The Family

Theoretical Foundations

17th/18th Century ScholarsRene Descartes

17th/18th Century ScholarsJohn Lock

17th/18th Century ScholarsGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

19th CenturyWilhelm Wundt

The Academies of the 19th Century

Common Schools

New High Schools

Edward

Titchner

John

Dewey

The Guidance Profession:Vocational

George Merrill

Jesse Davis

Frank Parsons

Smith-Hughes National Vocation Education Act of

1917Vocational Guidance

Hire Counselors

Educational GuidanceVocational decision making

Personal well-being

School related problems

Home life issues

Citizenship

Early Educational Guidance

Assessment/TestingClinically oriented

servicesMental hygiene

Trait and Factor Theory of Counseling

JOB Selection

Traits

Conditions of job

Trait and Factor Theory of Counseling

Follow up

Treatment

Prognosis

Diagnosis

Synthesis

Analysis

Transitional Era

Pupil-Person

nel Servic

es

• Apply scientific techniques• New York: Vocational Guidance Counselor

Development

al Guidance & Counseling

• Child accounting & regulatory services

• Referrals• School Guidance Services

Humanistic Psychology

Maslow

Rogers

Humanistic PsychologyMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:

The person-centered

approach, his approach to

understanding personality and

human relationships,

found wide application in

various domains such as

psychotherapy and counseling (client-centered therapy),

& education (student-centered

learning).

Humanistic Psychology

Carl Rogers

Professionalization of guidance and personnel services in education

American Psychological Association

American Personnel and Guidance Association

American School Counselor Association

School Counselor CertificationsNational Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)

Council for the Accrediting of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

California Commission on Teacher Certification (CCTC)

Contemporary Era

School Counseling in the Age of Accountability

Elementary &

Secondary Education

Act

No Child Left Behind

Act

DATA & it’s Impact on the Counseling Profession

Summary