DepartmentofHistory

SophisterHandbook2020-2021SingleHonorsHistory

i

AMessagefromtheOfficeoftheVice-ProvostImportant information on COVID-19 restrictions and modes of teaching andlearningInordertooffertaughtprogrammesinlinewithgovernmenthealthandsafetyadvice,teachingandlearninginSemester1foryourprogrammewillfollowablendedmodelthatcombinesonlineandin-personelementstobeattendedoncampus.Thisblendedmodelwillincludeofferingonlinelecturesforlargerclassgroupings,aswellasin-personclassesforsmallergroups:thedifferingmodesofteachingandlearningforparticularmodulesaredeterminedbyyourhomeSchool.InformationonthemodesofteachingandlearninginSemester2willbeavailableclosertothetime.Trinitywillbeasflexibleaspossibleinfacilitatinglatearrivalsduetotravelrestrictions,visadelays,andotherchallengesarisingfromtheCOVID-19pandemic.Ifyouexpecttoarrivelaterthan28thSeptember,pleasealertyourcoursecoordinatorasearlyaspossible.ForthosestudentsnotcurrentlyinIreland,accordingtocurrentGovernmenthealthandsafetyguidelines,pleasenotethatthesestudentsareexpectedtoallowfora14-dayperiodofrestrictedmovementafterarrivalandpriortocommencementoftheirstudies,andthereforeshouldfactorthisintotheirtravelplans.ForthosestudentscurrentlyontheislandofIreland,weremindyouoftheIrishGovernment’sadvicethatallnon-essentialoverseastravelshouldbeavoided.Ifyoudotraveloverseas,youareexpectedtorestrictyourmovementsfor14daysimmediatelyfromyourreturn,duringwhichtimeyouwillnotbepermittedtocometoanyTrinitycampus.Therefore,asyouarerequiredtobeavailabletoattendCollegefromthebeginningofthenewteachingyearon28September.

1|P a g e

ContentsAMessagefromtheOfficeoftheVice-Provost...................................iIntroduction.........................................................................................3Section1:AbouttheDepartment.......................................................4

ModuleLecturers........................................................................5HowtomakecontactwiththeDepartment...............................5Submissionofwrittenwork........................................................5WhomtoContactWhen.............................................................6Transcripts..................................................................................6

Section2:Yourprogrammeofstudy...................................................7Learningoutcomes.....................................................................7Modulesandassessment...........................................................7ListImodules..............................................................................7ListIImodules.............................................................................8JuniorSophister=5modules(60ECTS).....................................8SeniorSophister=4modules(60ECTS).....................................8

Section3:Adviceandregulations.....................................................10CreditsECTS...............................................................................10WhatisECTS?...........................................................................10ThingstorememberaboutECTS..............................................10Requirementsforobtainingacademiccredit...........................11Progression...............................................................................11Classesandcoursework............................................................11Makingthebestuseofyourlecturesandtutorials..................11Essays........................................................................................12Plagiarism.................................................................................12Submissionofessays................................................................14Deadlines..................................................................................15Markingofessays.....................................................................16Feedback...................................................................................16Examinations............................................................................17Examinationpreparation..........................................................17Examinationandessaymarkingcriteria...................................18Markingofexaminationpapers................................................21Results......................................................................................21Supplementalexaminations.....................................................21Non---satisfactoryperformance..................................................21Notrisingwiththeyear............................................................21Degreeclassification.................................................................21Gradeprofile.............................................................................22

2|P a g e

Prizes........................................................................................22Yearabroad..............................................................................22Careeradvice............................................................................22Furtherstudy............................................................................22Guidelinesforwritingessays....................................................23Preparation...............................................................................23Sourcinginformation................................................................23Structure...................................................................................23Formatandprose.....................................................................24Referencing...............................................................................25Bibliography..............................................................................25Primarysources........................................................................25Secondarysources....................................................................25Books........................................................................................25Articlesinbooks........................................................................25Articlesinjournals....................................................................26Websites...................................................................................26Footnotes..................................................................................27Guidelinesforwritingadissertation........................................28Basicformatting........................................................................29Referencing(seepp.24-6above).............................................29Submittingyourdissertation....................................................30

Section4:Importantdates................................................................31

3|P a g e

IntroductionWearedelightedtowelcomeyoubacktoanewyearintheDepartmentofHistory.Whilesomeofyouaremovingintoyourfinalyear,othersaremakingthetransitionfromtheFreshtotheSophisterstageoftheprogramme,andthishandbookwillguideyouthroughyourstudiesintheDepartmentin2020-21.Whateveryouryear,theexperiencewillbenewforyouasitisforstaff,aswenegotiatethenewrestrictionstogether.WehopethatyouwillengagefullywiththeDepartmentthisyear,notjustinmodules,butalsoinourweeklyDepartmentalResearchSeminars.FulldetailsoftheseseminarswillbepostedontheDepartmentalwebpageandonTwitter,andwewouldcertainlyencourageyoutoattendtheseseminarswhenyourscheduleallows.ThishandbookprovidesessentialinformationaboutyourHistoryprogramme.ItsupplementsinformationintheUniversityCalendar.IntheeventofconflictorinconsistencybetweentheGeneralRegulationspublishedintheUniversityCalendarandinformationcontainedinourhandbooks,theGeneralRegulationsprevail.TheUniversityCalendarisavailableathttp://www.tcd.ie/calendar/MoredetailedinformationonindividualmodulesisprovidedintherelevantmoduleguidesandontheDepartmentweb-sitehttps://www.tcd.ie/history/.ModuleguideswillalsobeprovidedthroughBlackboard.

AsaDepartmentweexpectcertainthingsofyou:• toreadthishandbookcarefully• toreadyourTrinitye-mailsregularly• tosetasideatleast40hourseachweekforacademicwork• toattendallclasses,shared-space,synchronousorasynchronous• toreadforeachclassandcometoseminarspreparedtospeak• toknowandmeetyourdeadlines• and,ifyouhaveaproblem,tospeaktosomeoneaboutit:yourmodulecoordinator,

yearcoordinator,HeadofDepartment,orCollegeTutor.Wecannotpromisethatwecansolveyourproblem,butwewilldoourbesttohelp.

Ifyouareinanydoubtabouthowtheregulationsaffectyou,consultamemberofstaffintheDepartmentoryourCollegeTutor.

Thishandbookaddressesfourmainareas:1. UsefulinformationabouttheDepartment2. Yourprogrammeofstudy3. Adviceandregulations4. Importantdatesfor2019-20

Bestofluckwithyourstudiesin2020-21.

4|P a g e

Section1:AbouttheDepartmentDepartmentofHistoryOffice:Room3133,ArtsBuilding

NormalOpeningHoursare10:00-12:00&14:00-16.30.However,duetosocialdistancingfewerstaffwillbeintheofficeandtheywillneedtoleavetheofficeoccasionally.Emailmaybeabetterwayofcontactingthem.

Telephone:01-8961020 Email:histhum@tcd.ie Twitter:@historyTCD

ExecutiveOfficers: JoanneLynchandStephenGalvin

AcademicStaff Role Roomno. EmailaddressProfessorRuthKarras HeadofDepartment 3144 ruth.karras@tcd.ieDrKatjaBruisch A6005 bruischk@tcd.ieDrRobertArmstrong 3115 robert.armstrong@tcd.ieDr.DiogoDeCarvalhoCabral 3121 decarvad@tcd.ieDrJosephClarke JF/SFCoordinator 3153 clarkej1@tcd.ieDrPeterCrooks OnLeave 3147 pcrooks@tcd.ieDrDavidDitchburn OnLeave,MT 3145 ditchbud@tcd.ieDrAnneDolan 3112 adolan@tcd.ieProfessorSeánDuffy JS/ErasmusCoord,MT 3154 sduffy@tcd.ieDrSimonEgan 3119 segan1@tcd.ieDrSusanFlavin OnLeave 3149 sflavin@tcd.ieDrDanielGeary 3113 gearyd@tcd.ieProfessorPatrickGeoghegan JS/ErasmusCoord,HT 3114 patrick.geoghegan@tcd.ieDrPeterHamilton 3120 pehamilt@tcd.ieDr.BrianHanley A6007 hanleybr@tcd.ieProfessorPoulHolm OnLeaveMT A6002 holmp@tcd.ieDrCaroleHolohan 3110 holohaca@tcd.ieDrPatrickHoulihan 3154 patrick.houlihan@tcd.ieDrIsabellaJackson OnLeave 3120 jacksoni@tcd.ieDrGeorginaLaragy 3108 laragy@tcd.ieDrFrancisLudlow DissertationCoordinator A6004 ludlowf@tcd.ieDrGraemeMurdock 3117 murdocg@tcd.ieProfessorJaneOhlmeyer OnLeave jane.ohlmeyer@tcd.ieDrCiaranO’Neill 3111 ciaran.oneill@tcd.ieProfessorMicheálÓSiochrú SSCoordinator 3150 osiochrm@tcd.ieDrMollyPucci OnLeave 3121 puccim@tcd.ieDrBenjaminSavill 3148 savillb@tcd.ieDrImmoWarntjes OnLeave 3148 iwarntje@tcd.ieDrPatrickWalsh 3155 walshp9@tcd.ie

5|P a g e

ModuleLecturersDrBalázsApor aporb@tcd.ie RUS802–StalinismandSocietyinEasternEurope

ProfCiaranBrady cbrady@tcd.ie HIU34525–TheElizabethanRenaissance

MelanieBrown mebrown@tcd.ie HIU34521–IrishandJewishIdentities

DrLindaKiernan kiernanl@tcd.ie HIU34515-RomancebeforeRomanticismHIU34517-Gender&SexualityinEarlyModernEurope

DrDianeKirby kirbydi@tcd.ie HIU34538–AmericaandtheColdWar

DrClareTebbutt tebbuttc@tcd.ie WSU34001–SexualityandGenderinEngland,1885-1967

HowtomakecontactwiththeDepartment• StaffwillcommunicatewithyouviayourTrinityemailaddress.Youareexpectedtocheck

thisregularlyandtoreadandactpromptlyuponallmessagessenttoyou.

• StaffpostboxesarelocatedintheDepartmentalOffice(Room3133),butespeciallyinMichaelmastermitisbesttouseemail.

• Staffusuallypost-officehours,whentheyareavailableforconsultation,ontheirdoor,butasmanywillbeholdingofficehourssynchronouslyonline,pleaseemailthemtofindoutarrangements.

• Departmentalnoticeswillbepostedonrelevantnoticeboardsandonthedepartmentwebsite.

• Thestudentinformationsystem,Blackboard,andyourmyzoneemailaccountsareallaccessibleathttps://www.tcd.ie/students/

SubmissionofwrittenworkEverySophisteressayanddissertationmustbesubmittedviaBlackboard.

Essaysanddissertationsmustbeaccompaniedby:1. theappropriatecover---sheetattachedtotheessay2. theappropriatesigneddeclarationconcerningplagiarism.Theseforms

canbefoundontheDepartmentalwebpage3. submittedviatheBlackboardpagefortherelevantmodule,by11.00

a.m.Irishtimeonthespecifieddate(seethe‘Importantdates’sectionattheendofthishandbook).

Forfurtherdetailsonthesubmissionofessaysseep.14below.

6|P a g e

WhomtoContactWhen• Ifyouareunabletoattendaclassbecauseofillnessoranyotherreasons,youmust,

wherepossible,givepriornoticetothelecturer,orleaveamessagewithamemberoftheadministrativestaff.

• Ifyouhaveanacademicproblemwithaparticularmodule,youshoulddiscussitwithyourmodulecoordinatorortheHeadofDepartment.

• Ifyouhaveotherproblemsaffectingyourwork,youshouldcontactyourCollegeTutor.

• Fulldetailsofallstudentsupportservicesareavailableathttps://www.tcd.ie/students/supports-services/

• Ifyoubelieveyouhavegroundsforanextensiononyourwork,youmustcontacttherelevantcoordinatorforyouryeareitherdirectlyorthroughyourCollegeTutor.Theyearcoordinatorswilladviseyouonallaspectsoftheprogramme.Theyare:

• Studentsareelectedeachyeartorepresentyourviews,andtheyparticipateinDepartmentalmeetingsandinStaff-Studentmeetings.AStaff-Studentmeetingtakesplaceeachterm.

• Ifyouneedareference,askeitheryourCollegeTutororyourmodulecoordinator.

• Ifyouhaveanyqueriesaboutexchangeprogrammes,pleasecontactProfessorSeánDuffyduringMichaelmastermorProfessorPatrickGeoghanduringHilaryterm(seebelow)

• Ifyouneedspecialexamprovisionforanymedicalreason,approachtheDisabilitiesOfficehttp://www.tcd.ie/disability/index.php

• IfyouwouldliketodiscusscareeroptionsvisittheCareersAdvisoryServicein5---7SouthLeinsterStreet,whenitreopens,orseethefollowingwebpage:www.tcd.ie/Careers/

TranscriptsAcademicRegistrywillprovideyouwithanofficialtranscript,withyourfinaldegreeresult.IfyouneedatranscriptwithabreakdownofyourmarksbymoduleyouwillneedtoobtainthisfromtheDepartmentalOffice.ContacttheOfficeathisthum@tcd.ie.Youmustgiveatleasttwoweeks’noticeifyouwantatranscriptfromtheDepartmentalOffice.

ProfessorSeánDuffy JuniorSophisterCoordinator(MT) 3154 sduffy@tcd.ie

ProfessorPatrickGeoghegan JuniorSophisterCoordinator(HT) 3114 patrick.geoghegan@tcd.ie

ProfessorMicheálÓSiochrú SeniorSophisterCoordinator 3150 osiochrm@tcd.ie

7|P a g e

Section2:YourprogrammeofstudyLearningoutcomesOnsuccessfulcompletionoftheSingleHonorprogrammeinHistorystudentsshouldbeableto:

• demonstrateanassuredandcriticalknowledgeofhistoricalperiods,processes,peoplesandplaces

• employasetofappropriatemethodsforthecomprehensionandanalysisofhistoricalperiodsandprocesses

• identifyandanalysekeyhistoricalproblems• compareandassessexistinghistoricalinterpretations• analyseandevaluateprimarymaterialsrelevanttothehistoricalproblemsand

periodsunderexaminationandconductindependentresearchamongprimarymaterials

• compareandassessprimarymaterialsagainsteachotherandagainstsecondarycommentary

• applyskillsofsummary,synthesisandgeneralization• applyskillsofargument,debateandreconciliation• applyskillsoforal,writtenandvisualcommunication• demonstrateareflectiveandself---reflectiveappreciationoftheproblemsof

historicalthinkingandwritingModulesandassessmentToachievetheseoutcomeswehaveconstructedavariedprogrammeofstudy.ModulesaregroupedundertheheadingsListI(20ECTs)andListII(10ECTs).Lecturesbeginonthehourandlastfor50minutes.Seminars,dependingonyourmodule,willbescheduledin1houror2hourslots.

ListImodulesaretaughtthroughouttheyear,andstudentsspendthreehoursperweekinclassforListIsubjects.WhatsetsListImodulesapartisthedegreetowhichthesemodulesfocusonprimarysources,thatis,historicalmaterialsgeneratedduringtheperiodunderstudy.EssaysforListImoduleswillrequireuseofprimarysources,andexaminationswillincludequestionsdirectlyrelatedtoprimarysourcesstudiedinclass.Youwillbeassessedby:

• twoexaminations,bothattheendofHilaryterm,eachathree-daytake-homeexam,andeachworth30%ofthefinalmark(60%overall)

• twoitemsofassessedcoursework,oneineachterm,eachworth20%ofthefinalmark(40%overall).Thisassessedcourseworkwillnormallytaketheforma3,000---wordessayineachterm

• inaddition,youwillbeaskedtoundertakeadditionalcoursework,neededtogainthe20creditsforthemodulebutnotcountingtowardsthefinalgrade.Thiscoursework,andthefeedbackarisingfromit,willbeofgreathelpinpreparingforassessedessaysandexams.Thisadditionalcourseworkmayconsistofasecondessayeachterm(makingfouressaysovertheyear)oranequivalentformofwork,suchasapresentation,agroupproject,frequentshortpiecesofwriting,etc.

8|P a g e

ListIImodulescomeintwoforms,thoughallareworth10ECTS.• One---termmodules:thesearetaughtthroughtwohoursofclassesperweek,andare

examinedthroughonethree-daytake-homeexamination(60%oftheoverallmark)pluscoursework(40%oftheoverallmark);thiswillnormallybeoneessayof3,000words.

• Year---longmodules(forallstudentsinJuniorSophisteryear):thesearetaughtthroughtwo

hoursofclassesperfortnight:thismightmeanaclassofonehoureveryweekoratwo---hourclasseverysecondweek.Year---longmodulesareassessed100%bycoursework.Thecourseworkcomponentofayear---longmodulewillincludeatleastonepieceofassessedcourseworkperterm.ThecourseworkforHilarytermusuallywillbeintheformofanextendedessay,ofbetween4,000and5,000words.ThecourseworkforMichaelmastermmayalsotaketheformofanessay,orcouldcompriseacomparableamountofcourseworkinanotherform(e.g.agroupproject,aclasstestetc.).

Takingallofthemodulestogether,wecalculatethatmoststudentswillhavesomethingclosetoa50:50ratiobetweencoursework(includingdissertation)andexamsintheirSophisteryears.

Theusetowhichclassesareputwillvaryfrommoduletomodule.Somestaffgiveregularlecture,whileothersdevotemoretimetotextualanalysis,debateorseminardiscussion.Forprecisedetailsseetherelevantmoduleguides.Ingeneral,however,ListImodulesrequiremoreextensivereading,moreintensiveprimaryresearchandmoreclassexercisesthanListIImodules.WhereasmostListIsubjectscovershortperiods,mostListIImodulescoverspecifiedthemesoverlongerperiods.Therangeofavailablemodulesroughlyreflectstheresearchinterests(past,present,orfuture)ofteachingstaff.

ThefollowingtableillustratesthepatternofmodulesforSingleHonors(SH)students:

JuniorSophister=5modules(60ECTS)

SeniorSophister=4modules(60ECTS)ListI Year-long 20ECTS

Dissertation Year-long 20ECTS

ListII MichaelmasTerm 10ECTS

ListII HilaryTerm 10ECTS

ListI Year-long 20ECTS

ListII Year-long 10ECTS

ListII Year-long 10ECTS

ListII MichaelmasTerm 10ECTS

ListII HilaryTerm 10ECTS

9|P a g e

List1(14Modules) Modules2020-2021HIU34001 Irelandinthe1920sand1930s DrAnneDolan

HIU34002 TheFrenchRevolution1789-1799 DrJosephClarke

HIU34003 EuropeReformed1540-1600 DrGraemeMurdock

HIU34005 Ireland,ModernityandEmpire DrCiaranO’Neill

HIU34007 MedievalMarriage ProfRuthKarras

HIU34011 PowerandPeople:WarandSocietyin18th-CenturyIreland DrPatrickWalsh

HIU34012 PovertyinModernIreland DrCaroleHolohan

HIU34018 RevolutionaryBritain DrRobertArmstrong

WSU34001 SexualityandGenderinEngland,1885-1967 DrClareTebbutt

HIU34013 EmpireandEnvironmentinRussiafromPeterItoGorbachev DrKatjaBruisch

HIU34014 AmericanPoliticsandCulture DrDanielGeary

HIU34015 Fascism1914tothePresent DrPatrickHoulihan

HIU34016 LordshipandDynasty:TheGaelicWorldandtheShapingofBritainandIreland,c.1296-c.1513

DrSimonEgan

HIU34017 TheCultofSaintsintheFirstMillenium:FromIrelandtoIran DrBenjaminSavill

ListIIMichaelmasTerm(8modules)HIU34502 PopularCultureinTwentieth-CenturyIreland DrAnneDolanHIU34503 RaceandEthnicityinAmericanSocialThoughtSince1940 DrDanielGearyHIU34506 Creatingacolonialcapital:DublinundertheAnglo-Normans ProfSeánDuffyHIU34525 TheElizabethanRenaissance ProfCiaranBradyHIU34528 Empire,CommunityandCulture DrRobertArmstrongHIU34533 Re-ImaginingNorthernIreland ProfMicheálÓ

SiochrúHIU34536 TheHistoryofCapitalism DrPeterHamiltonHIU34541 TheMakingofBrazil:AnEnvironmentalHistory DrDiogoCabralListIIHilaryTerm(8Modules)

HIU34508 TheTroubles,1968–98:FromCivilRightstotheGoodFridayAgreement ProfMicheálÓSiochrú

HIU34514 Food,drinkandsocietyinEarlyModernEurope DrSusanFlavinHIU34518 HistoriesofTransylvania DrGraemeMurdockHIU34522 FearandLoathingontheCampaignTrail:PresidentialElectionsinAmerican

History,1796-2016ProfPatrickGeoghegan

HIU34526 ThePoliticsofNature:EnvironmentalismintheTwentiethCentury DrKatjaBruischHIU34535 LancastervsYork:Power,Conflict,andIdentityintheWarsoftheRoses DrSimonEganHIU34537 ‘CrownedbyGod’:EuropeintheAgeofCharlemagne DrBenjaminSavilleHIU34534 GreenagainstGreen:TheIrishCivilWar1922-23 DrBrianHanleyListIIYear-long(12modules)

HIU34509 AtlanticIsland:Eighteenth-CenturyIrelandinOceanicPerspective DrPatrickWalshHIU34515 RomancebeforeRomanticism:Life,LoveandDeathinAncienRégime&

RevolutionaryFranceDrLindaKiernan

HIU34517 GenderandSexualityinEarlyModernEurope DrLindaKiernanHIU34519 HistoryandFiction DrCiaranO’NeillHIU34520 WritingtheEnlightenment:CulturalChangeinEighteenth-CenturyEurope DrJosephClarkeHIU34521 IrishandJewishIdentities DrMelanieBrownRUS802 StalinismandSocietyinEasternEurope DrBalázsAporHIU34529 TheRepublicofIrelandandthe60s DrCaroleHolohanHIU34538 AmericaandtheColdWar DrDianneKirbyHIU34529 ‘LoadedwithDynamite’:Ireland’sGlobalRevolution1918-23 DrBrianHanleyHIU34540 EmpiresandMigrationsinthePacificWorld DrPeterHamiltonHIU34542 HumansandtheEnvironmentinPostcolonialLatinAmerica DrDiogoCabral

10|P a g e

Section3:AdviceandregulationsCreditsECTS

AllmodulesinHistorycarryanECTSweighting.ECTSstandsforEuropeanCreditTransferandAccumulationSystem,whichhasbeenintroducedacrosstheCollegeandacrossEuropeasameansofevaluatingandaccreditingundergraduatemodulesandcourses.

WhatisECTS?TheEuropeanCreditTransferandAccumulationSystem(ECTS)isanacademiccreditsystembasedontheestimatedstudentworkloadrequiredtoachievetheobjectivesofamoduleorprogrammeofstudy.Itisdesignedtoenableacademicrecognitionforperiodsofstudy,tofacilitatestudentmobilityandcreditaccumulationandtransfer.TheECTSistherecommendedcreditsystemforhighereducationinIrelandandacrosstheEuropeanHigherEducationArea.

TheECTSweightingforamoduleisameasureofthestudentinputorworkloadrequiredforthatmodule,basedonfactorssuchasthenumberofcontacthours,thenumberandlengthofwrittenorverballypresentedassessmentexercises,classpreparationandprivatestudytime,examinations,andsoonasappropriate.Thereisnointrinsicrelationshipbetweenthecreditvolumeofamoduleanditslevelofdifficulty.

TheEuropeannormforfull---timestudyoveroneacademicyearis60credits.TheTrinityacademicyearis40weeksfromthestartofMichaelmasTermtotheendoftheannualexaminationperiod.OneECTScreditrepresents20---25hoursestimatedstudentinput,soa10----creditmodulewillbedesignedtorequire200---250hoursofstudentinput,includingclasscontacttime,assessmentspreparationandprivatereading.

ECTScreditsareawardedtoastudentonlyuponsuccessfulcompletionofthecourseyear.Progressionfromoneyeartothenextisdeterminedbythecourseregulations.Studentswhofailayearoftheircoursewillnotobtaincreditforthatyeareveniftheyhavepassedcertaincomponentmodules.Exceptionstothisruleareone---yearandpart---yearvisitingstudents,whoareawardedcreditforindividualmodulessuccessfullycompleted.

ThingstorememberaboutECTSItisEuropean:itsaimistofacilitateandtoimprovetransparencyandcomparabilityofperiodsofstudyandofqualificationsacrosstheEuropeanHigherEducationsector.

ItisaboutCredit:itisastudent---centred(notateacher---centred)systembaseduponaclearlydefinedbodyofwork(e.g.,contacthours+timeallocatedtostudyforthepreparationandexecutionofessays,assignments,exams,etc.)requiredtoobtainthecreditallocatedfortheachievementoftheobjectivesofaparticularcourseofstudy.

ItisaSystem,basedonthefollowingprinciples:theECTSworksonayearlynormof60creditsforafull---timecourse(30creditsforahalf---honorsubject)overoneacademicyearwhereonecreditrepresents20---25hoursestimatedstudentinput.Themeasureofoneacademicyearis40weeksfromthestartofMichaelmasTermtotheendoftheannualexaminationperiod.

ItisanAccumulativeSystem.ECTScreditsareassignedtomodulesinmultipleunitsoffive.Studentsareexpectedtotake60creditsperyear.Creditsaccrueoverthefour---yearcycle.TheTrinityfour---yearhonorsBachelordegreeis240ECTS.

ItisaboutTransferability.Bymakingthestudentinputindifferentcoursesofferedindifferent

11|P a g e

universitiescomprehensibleunderthesamestandardmeasurement,thesystemaimstoremovethemanyobstacleswhichcurrentlyobstructincreasedmobilityinandbetweenthemanydifferenteducationalinstitutionsoftheEUandtoenhancecommunicationsbetweentheuniversitiesandothertraininginstitutionsandthelabourmarket.

InaccordancewiththespiritoftheECTS,Historyisstudiedaspartofastudent---centredprogramme.Thesuccessoftheprogrammedependslargelyuponstudentparticipationinlectures,tutorials,essaywritingandgeneralresearchandreading.

RequirementsforobtainingacademiccreditInordertoobtaincreditforeachterm,youmustbeenrolledfortherequiredrangeofmodules.Youmustattendalltutorialsorseminarsineachmoduleforwhichyouareenrolled,exceptwheremedicalevidenceforabsenceissubmitted.Youmustcompleteallpreliminaryessaysandanyotherwrittenexercisesprescribedforeachmodule.

ProgressionAsyouprogressthroughtheHistoryprogramme,youarefacedwithawideningrangeofintellectualandmethodologicalchallenges.WhereasFreshmanmodulesaimtosurveynationalorinternationalhistoriesoverlongperiods,mostSophistermodulesconcentrateonshortperiodsorspecificthemes.ThecloserfocusofSophistermodulesrequiresmoreintensiveteachingthroughsmallclasses,andmoreimmersionindocumentarysources.TheshiftfromsurveytospecialistworkculminatesinthedissertationandresearchessayswhichformamajorelementofModeratorship.

Classesandcoursework

Makingthebestuseofyourlecturesandtutorials• Ifyoucannotunderstandanyaspectofyourmodules,pleasefeelfreetomakethisclear

duringorafteratutorialorseminar,afteralecture,orbyvisitingourofficesattimesnotifiedonourdoorsoroursynchronouson-lineofficehours.Wewelcomecommentsandquestions.Eachinstructorwillindicatethebestmethodofreachingthem.

• Mobiletelephonesarenottobeusedduringshared-spaceorsynchronousclasses.• Pleasearrivepunctuallyatshared-spaceorsynchronousclassesandstaytotheend.

AttendanceatlecturesandseminarsYoushouldaimtoattendalllectures,whethersynchronous(ataspecificallytimetabledtime),asynchronous(postedonlineforyoutowatchatanothertime),orinsharedspace(apossibilityforHilaryterm).Lecturesareintendedtoprovideanalysisofselectedtopicsandanintroductiontotheissuesraisedinthereadingsetforeachmodule.Theyarenotintendedasasubstituteforreading.Thereiswidevariationinthestyleofpresentationacrossmodules,whichreflectsthevarietyofapproacheshistorianstaketotheirresearch.Thevalueofalecturedependsasmuchonyourresponsivenessasonitsquality.

Attendanceatseminarsiscompulsory.Theyaredesignedtoallowsmallgroupstodiscussselectedtopicsundertheguidanceofateacher,andtoencouragestudentstopracticetheartsofdocumentaryinterpretation,criticalreading,andlucidexposition.ThereisnoidealformatforaSophisterseminar,andthevariationyouwillexperiencereflectsthewidearrayofmethodologicalapproaches—theserangefromclasspresentationsanddebatestosummariesofvyinginterpretationsandtextualanalysesofextractstakenfromsetdocuments.Themoreyoucontribute,thebettertheseminar.

Youarerequired,wherestipulated,tohavepreparedworkandsetassignmentsforyourseminars.Collegeregulationsstatethatstudentsmusttakepartfullyintheacademicworkoftheirclass

12|P a g e

throughouttheperiodofthecourse(CalendarH5)andtheECTScalculationforallmodulesincludesaproportionofcreditsforattendanceandparticipation.Persistentnon---attendancemayresultinyoubeingreturnedasnon---satisfactoryforagivenmoduleandmayresultinbeingexcludedfromexaminations.

EssaysEssaysallowustoassessyourmasteryofrelevantprimarysources,secondaryreading,yourabilitytosupplyfullandaccuratecitations,andyourcriticalandanalyticalskills.Theabilitytosynthesiseinformationinlucid,clearly---arguedproseisnolessimportantthanyourcapacitytocarryoutsystematicresearchorreading.Themoreyouwrite,thebetteryouwillperform.SeeGuidelinesforWritingEssays(pp.22-6).

YoushouldagreethetopicofallyourSophisteressaysinHistoryinadvancewithyourmoduleinstructor.Themaximumpermittedlengthofessaysis:

ListI 3,000wordsListIIone-term 3,000wordsListIIyear-long 5,000words

Thefootnotesandthebibliographymustconformtothestyleprescribedbelowandarenotcountedaspartofthewordcount.Poorcitationmayleadtolowergrades.

PlagiarismPlagiarismisanextremelyseriousmatterwhichcarriesseverepenaltiesforstudents.TheCollegehasdraftedadefinitionofplagiarismandsomerulesandguidelineswhichmustbefollowed.

Collegenowrequiresallstudentstocompleteanonlinetutorialonavoidingplagiarism‘Ready,Steady,Write’athttp://tcd-ie.libguides.com/plagiarism/ready-steady-write

AllstudentsmustsignadeclarationwhensubmittinganessaytoconfirmthattheyhavereadtheCollegeregulationsandtakentheonlinetutorial.

Ifyouareunsureofwhattheplagiarismregulationsrequire,pleasecontactyourclassteacher,yourCollegeTutor,youryearco---ordinatorforHistoryortheHeadofDepartment.

TheofficialCollegepositionissetoutintheCalendaratparagraphs95-104andtheprincipalpointsareasfollows:

95GeneralItisclearlyunderstoodthatallmembersoftheacademiccommunityuseandbuildonthe

workandideasofothers.Itiscommonlyacceptedalso,however,thatwebuildontheworkandideasofothersinanopenandexplicitmanner,andwithdueacknowledgement.

Plagiarismistheactofpresentingtheworkorideasofothersasone’sown,withoutdueacknowledgement.

Plagiarismcanarisefromdeliberateactionsandalsothroughcarelessthinkingand/ormethodology.Theoffenceliesnotintheattitudeorintentionoftheperpetrator,butintheactionandinitsconsequences.

Itistheresponsibilityoftheauthorofanyworktoensurethathe/shedoesnotcommitplagiarism.

Plagiarismisconsideredtobeacademicallyfraudulent,andanoffenceagainstacademicintegritythatissubjecttothedisciplinaryproceduresoftheUniversity.

96ExamplesofPlagiarismPlagiarismcanarisefromactionssuchas:

13|P a g e

(a)copyinganotherstudent’swork;(b)enlistinganotherpersonorpersonstocompleteanassignmentonthestudent’sbehalf;(c)procuring,whetherwithpaymentorotherwise,theworkorideasofanother;(d)quotingdirectly,withoutacknowledgement,frombooks,articlesorothersources,eitherinprinted,recordedorelectronicformat,includingwebsitesandsocialmedia;(e)paraphrasing,withoutacknowledgement,thewritingsofotherauthors.Examples(d)and(e)inparticularcanarisethroughcarelessthinkingand/ormethodology

wherestudents:(i)failtodistinguishbetweentheirownideasandthoseofothers;(ii)failtotakepropernotesduringpreliminaryresearchandthereforelosetrackofthesourcesfromwhichthenotesweredrawn;(iii)failtodistinguishbetweeninformationwhichneedsnoacknowledgementbecauseitisfirmlyinthepublicdomain,andinformationwhichmightbewidelyknown,butwhichneverthelessrequiressomesortofacknowledgement;(iv)comeacrossadistinctivemethodologyorideaandfailtorecorditssource.Alltheaboveserveonlyasexamplesandarenotexhaustive.97PlagiarisminthecontextofgroupworkStudentsshouldnormallysubmitworkdoneinco-operationwithotherstudentsonlywhenit

isdonewiththefullknowledgeandpermissionofthelecturerconcerned.Withoutthis,submittingworkwhichistheproductofcollaborationwithotherstudentsmaybeconsideredtobeplagiarism.

Whenworkissubmittedastheresultofagroupproject,itistheresponsibilityofallstudentsinthegrouptoensure,sofarasispossible,thatnoworksubmittedbythegroupisplagiarised.Inordertoavoidplagiarisminthecontextofcollaborationandgroupwork,itisparticularlyimportanttoensurethateachstudentappropriatelyattributesworkthatisnottheirown.

98SelfplagiarismNoworkcannormallybesubmittedformorethanoneassessmentforcredit.Resubmittingthe

sameworkformorethanoneassessmentforcreditisnormallyconsideredself-plagiarism.99AvoidingplagiarismStudentsshouldensuretheintegrityoftheirworkbyseekingadvicefromtheirlecturers,tutor

orsupervisoronavoidingplagiarism.Allschoolsanddepartmentsmustinclude,intheirhandbooksorotherliteraturegiventostudents,guidelinesontheappropriatemethodologyforthekindofworkthatstudentswillbeexpectedtoundertake.Inaddition,ageneralsetofguidelinesforstudentsonavoidingplagiarismisavailableonhttp://libguides.tcd.ie/plagiarism.

100Ifplagiarismasreferredtoin§95aboveissuspected,inthefirstinstance,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ortheirdesignate,willwritetothestudent,andthestudent’stutoradvisingthemoftheconcernsraised.Thestudentandtutor(asanalternativetothetutor,studentsmaynominatearepresentativefromtheStudents’Union)willbeinvitedtoattendaninformalmeetingwiththeDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ortheirdesignate,andthelecturerconcerned,inordertoputtheirsuspicionstothestudentandgivethestudenttheopportunitytorespond.Thestudentwillberequestedtorespondinwritingstatinghis/heragreementtoattendsuchameetingandconfirmingonwhichofthesuggesteddatesandtimesitwillbepossibleforthemtoattend.Ifthestudentdoesnotinthismanneragreetoattendsuchameeting,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,mayreferthecasedirectlytotheJuniorDean,whowillinterviewthestudentandmayimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.

101IftheDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,formstheviewthatplagiarismhastakenplace,he/shemustdecideiftheoffencecanbedealtwithunderthesummaryproceduresetoutbelow.Inorderforthissummaryproceduretobefollowed,allpartiesattendingtheinformalmeetingasnotedin§100abovemuststatetheiragreementinwritingtotheDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate.Ifoneofthepartiestothe

14|P a g e

informalmeetingwithholdshis/herwrittenagreementtotheapplicationofthesummaryprocedure,orifthefactsofthecaseareindispute,oriftheDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,feelsthatthepenaltiesprovidedforunderthesummaryprocedurebelowareinappropriategiventhecircumstancesofthecase,he/shewillreferthecasedirectlytotheJuniorDean,whowillinterviewthestudentandmayimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.

102Iftheoffencecanbedealtwithunderthesummaryprocedure,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,willrecommendoneofthefollowingpenalties:

(a)Level1:Studentreceivesaninformalverbalwarning.Thepieceofworkinquestionisinadmissible.Thestudentisrequiredtorephraseandcorrectlyreferenceallplagiarisedelements.Othercontentshouldnotbealtered.Theresubmittedworkwillbeassessedandmarkedwithoutpenalty;(b)Level2:Studentreceivesaformalwrittenwarning.Thepieceofworkinquestionisinadmissible.Thestudentisrequiredtorephraseandcorrectlyreferenceallplagiarisedelements.Othercontentshouldnotbealtered.Theresubmittedworkwillreceiveareducedorcappedmarkdependingontheseriousness/extentofplagiarism;(c)Level3:Studentreceivesaformalwrittenwarning.Thepieceofworkinquestionisinadmissible.Thereisnoopportunityforresubmissionwithcorrections.Instead,thestudentisrequiredtosubmitanewpieceofworkasareassessmentduringthenextavailablesession.Providedtheworkisofapassingstandard,boththeassessmentmarkandtheoverallmodulemarkwillbecappedatthepassmark.DiscretionlieswiththeSeniorLecturerincaseswherethereisnostandardopportunityforareassessmentunderapplicablecourseregulations.103Providedthattheappropriateprocedurehasbeenfollowedandallpartiesin§100above

areinagreementwiththeproposedpenalty,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate)shouldinthecaseofaLevel1offence,informthecoursedirectorandwhereappropriatethecourseoffice.InthecaseofaLevel2orLevel3offence,theSeniorLecturermustbenotifiedandrequestedtoapprovetherecommendedpenalty.TheSeniorLecturermayapprove,reject,orvarytherecommendedpenalty,orseekfurtherinformationbeforemakingadecision.IftheSeniorLecturerconsidersthatthepenaltiesprovidedforunderthesummaryprocedureareinappropriategiventhecircumstancesofthecase,he/shemayalsoreferthematterdirectlytotheJuniorDeanwhowillinterviewthestudentandmayimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.Notwithstandinghis/herdecision,theSeniorLecturerwillinformtheJuniorDeanofallnotifiedcasesofLevel2andLevel3offencesaccordingly.TheJuniorDeanmayneverthelessimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.

104Ifthecasecannotnormallybedealtwithunderthesummaryprocedures,itisdeemedtobeaLevel4offenceandwillbereferreddirectlytotheJuniorDean.NothingprovidedforunderthesummaryprocedurediminishesorprejudicesthedisciplinarypowersoftheJuniorDeanunderthe2010ConsolidatedStatutes.

SubmissionofessaysAllessaysmustbeformattedforA4paper,with1½ordouble---spacingandawidemarginforcomments.Allquotations,andsubstantiveinformationtakenindirectlyfromotherworks,mustbeacknowledgedbymeansoffootnotesgivingauthor,title,placeanddateofpublication,andpagenumber.Whencitingunpublishedsources,studentsshouldfollowtheadviceofthemoduleteacher.Abibliography,listingthedocumentarysources,books,andarticlesused(includingallthoseacknowledgedinfootnotes)mustbeappendedtotheessay.TheDepartment’sGuidelinesforwritingessaysarefoundbelow.

EssaysmustbesubmittedonBlackboardviaTurnitin,nottoyourmodulecoordinatororteaching

15|P a g e

assistant,by11:00a.m.onthespecifieddate.(Datesaretobefoundinthe‘Importantdates’sectionattheendofthishandbook.) Theymustincludeasignedcover-sheetincludingadeclarationconcerningplagiarism.Copiesofcover-sheetscanbedownloadedontheDepartmentalwebpage.Pleasenote11amisthelatestyoucansubmitwithoutincurringapenalty

Essaysmaynotbeposted,e---mailedorhandedtoacademicstaff.

Studentsarerequiredtoretaintheirownelectroniccopyofallwrittenwork.Ifwedonotreceivetheelectroniccopyofyouressay,youwillbedeemednottohavesubmittedyouressayandstandardpenaltiesfornon---submissionwillbeapplied.

DeadlinesDeadlinesareserious.Thedeadlinesfor2020-21areavailableonthefinalpageofthishandbook.Deadlinesexistsothatyoucanstructureyourworkwithmaximumefficiencyandsuccess.Seriouspenaltiesforlatesubmissionapply.Extensionswillbegrantedonlyinexceptionalcircumstances.Extensionscanonlybegrantedbyyouryearcoordinators.Theyearcoordinatorsare:

Prof.SeánDuffy(MT) JuniorSophisterCoordinator 3154 sduffy@tcd.ieProf.PatrickGeoghegan(HT) JuniorSophisterCoordinator 3114 patrick.geoghegan@tcd.ieProf.MicheálÓSiochrú SeniorSophisterCoordinator 3150 osiochrm@tcd.ie

Nowrittenworkwillbeacceptedforassessmentaftertheduedate,intheabsenceofanextensiongrantedinadvancebyyouryearcoordinator,coveringtheentireperiodofdelay.Extensionswillbegrantedonlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances.Crashedcomputers,minormishapsetc.willnotbetakenassatisfactorygroundsforthegrantingofextensions.Norequestsforanextensiononthedayofsubmissionofwrittenworkwillbeconsidered.AnessaydeemedtobelatebytheHeadofDepartmentwillbegivenamarkofnotmorethan40%.

Wherenoessayisforthcomingyouwillfailthatentiremoduleasaresult.

16|P a g e

MarkingofessaysAllworkcontributingtoModeratorshipisscrutinisedbytwointernalexaminersandreviewedbyanexternalexaminer,whoparticularlychecksborderlineorcontestedcasesandwholooksoutforevidenceofinconsistentstandardsofmarking.Allitemsofcourseworkandexaminationscontributingtoyourfinalgradesaremarkedanonymously.

FeedbackInlinewithexistingpractice,itisexpectedthatmoduleteacherswillprovideindividualfeedbackforstudentsonassessedandnon---assessedwork.Rememberthatallworkcountingtowardsyourfinalmarkissubmittedanonymously,usingstudentnumbers,andwillbemarkedanonymously.

However,studentsmaychoosetowaivetheirrighttoanonymityforthepurposeofreceivingfeedbackoncoursework.NorecordwillbekeptwhichcouldcompromisetheanonymityofHilarytermessaysorofexaminations.

WhenSophisterstudentswaivetheiranonymityinordertoobtainfeedback,theymaynotbeinformedoftheirmarks,sincetheseareprovisional,subjecttoconfirmationbyasecondexaminerwithinthedepartment,theexternalexaminerandthemeetingoftheCourtofExaminersattheendoftheyear.However,yourcourselecturercangiveanindicationofthekindofmarks/hewouldhaveawardedaswellascomments.

Essaysarereturnedinindividualmeetingswithyourlecturers.Yourlecturerswillarrangetimesforyoutocollectyourworkanddiscussitforabout15minutes.TimeswillbenotifiedeitherbyemailoronBlackboard–socheckbothregularly.

Itisveryimportantthatyouattendmeetingsaboutfeedbackonyourwork.Theyprovideaninvaluableopportunityforyoutobegivenindividualfeedbackonthestrengthsandweaknessesofyourwrittenwork.Studentswhoachievehighmarksareusuallythosestudentswhotakecarefulnoteofwhatissaidtotheminfeedbackmeetingsandactupontheadviceastheyprogressthroughthedegree.

Feedbacksessionsarealsoanopportunityforyoutoaskaboutanyaspectsofthetopicaboutwhichyouareunsure,butdidnotwishtoraiseinclassdiscussion.Youmayalsoreceiveguidanceonhowtoimproveyouressaywritingskillsandyourcapacityforhistoricalanalysis.Donothesitatetoaskaboutthemechanicsofwriting,aswellasaboutmattersofhistoricalinterpretation.

Inordertobenefitasmuchaspossiblefromthesesessions,youshoulddothefollowing:

• Alwayskeepacopyofyouressayorassignmentandreadthroughitbeforecomingtothemeeting

• Makeanoteofanyquestionsthatyouwouldliketoask–e.g.‘Idon’tunderstandwhatMacinneswasarguingintheconclusiontohisbook’;‘Iwasn’tsureifthispointwentintheconclusionofintroduction’;‘Ireallyjustdidn’tknowwhatelsetowrite;’etc.

• Takenotesoftherepliestothesequestionsandthinkaboutthemafterwards.

• Whenyoucometowritethenextessay,lookoveryournotesandthinkabouthowtoapplythesuggestionsforimprovementtoyournextsubmission.

17|P a g e

ExaminationsExaminationstakeplaceaftertheendofeachsemesterforsingle-termListIImodulesandattheendoftheyearforListImodules,andarecrucialtoyour success.Allexaminationpapersconsist of‘unseen’questionsrelatedtoyourmodulework.Youareallowedtoconsultyournotesorreadings.Thefunctionofexaminationquestionsistoassessyourcapacitytodevelopanargument,breadthofknowledge,analyticalskills,andmasteryofthereadingssetforlecturesand tutorials.Examanswersarenottobeconsideredfull-fledgedessaysanddonotrequirefullcitationapparatus;directquotationsorheavyrelianceonsomeoneelse’sargumentshouldbeaccompaniedbybriefreferencesbutformatislesscrucialthaninanessay.

AttheSophisterlevelallHistoryexamsarethree-daytake-homeexams.

• ForListI(Paper1)andListIIexamscandidatesmustanswerthreequestionsfromachoiceoftwelve.

• ListI(Paper2)isadocumentspaper,testingyourmasteryoftheprimarysources,andtheformmayvaryfrommoduletomodule.Consultpastpapersandthemodulehandbooks,andaskyourcourselecturerforfurtherdetailsontheformofaPaper2examinyourmodule.

ExaminationpreparationYoursuccessdependslargelyonyourworkduringtheyear,andfewstudentsperformwellonthebasisoffrenziedfinalpreparations.However,considerthefollowinghints:

• Alwayspreparemoretopicsthanthenumberofanswersrequiredandavoidextensiveduplicationindifferentanswers,evenifoverlappingquestionsareset.

• Sincethestyleandformatofpapersdifferbetweenmoduleteachers,youshouldexaminepapersfrompreviousyears,inparticularfrom2019-20,thefirstyearinwhichexamswereofferedinatake-homeformat.Ifindoubtpleaseconsultyourmoduleteacher.

• Evenifthequestionispresentedsimplyasatopic,youranalysiswillbesharpenedbybreakingitdownintolinkedinterrogatives.Beginattheheartofthesetquestion,minimisinggeneral‘introductory’material.

• Inthedaysbeforeanexamination,makealistofkeydates,events,personalnames,snappyquotations,and/orstatisticsrelatingtoeachtopic.Youwillnotbepenalisedforminorslips,butyouwillberewardedforshowingmasteryofdetail.

• Threedaysareallowedforeachexam.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyouneedtoworkonitforthreesoliddays.Youaregivenfarmoretimethanyouwillneedinorderthatyoucanchoosetimeswhenyouhaveaccesstoaquietworkspace,computer,etc.

18|P a g e

ExaminationandessaymarkingcriteriaFirstclass(70---80)Structureandfocus

• Engagescloselywiththequestionthroughout,showingamatureappreciationofitswiderimplications.

• Thestructureoftheargumentislucidandallowsforthedevelopmentofacoherentandcogentargument.

• Factualevidenceanddescriptivematerialisusedtosupportthewriter’sargument,andisbothconciseandrelevant.

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillbefluent,coherentandaccurate.• Thewritingwillgowellbeyondtheeffectiveparaphrasingoftheideasofotherhistorians.Itwill

showthatthewriterhasagoodconceptualcommandofthehistoricaland,whererelevant,historiographicalissuesunderdiscussion.

• Theworkwilldisplayoriginalityandimagination,aswellasanalyticalskillsofahighorder.• Theworkwilldemonstratethatthewritercanmovebetweengeneralisationsanddetailed

discussionconfidently.Rangeofknowledge

• Theanswerdemonstratesin---depthreadingandcriticalanalysisofthetexts,secondaryliteratureand(whererelevant)contemporarysources.

• Theanswerdemonstratesthatthewriterhasacomprehensiveknowledgeofthesubjectandagoodunderstandingofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.

• Thewriterwilldemonstrateanabilitytoevaluatethenatureandstatusoftheinformationattheirdisposalandidentifycontradictionsandattemptaresolution.

Uppersecondclass(60---69)Structureandfocus

• Workwhichdisplaysanunderstandingofthequestion,anappreciationofsomeofitswiderimplicationsandtriesseriouslytoengagewiththequestion.

• Thestructureoftheanswerwillfacilitatethecleardevelopmentofthewriter’sargument.Buttowardsthelowerendofthismarkbandthecandidatewillnotbeabletosustainaconsistentlyanalyticalapproach.

• Thewriterwilldeployrelevantevidencetosupporttheargument. Buttowardsthelowerendofthismarkband,thewritermaynotexplainthefullimplicationsoftheevidencecited.

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Theanswerwillbeclearandgenerallyaccurate,andwilldemonstrateanappreciationofthe

technicalvocabularyusedbyhistorians.• Theanswerwilldeploytheideasofotherhistoriansandtrytomovebeyondthem.Itwillalso

showsomeappreciationoftheextenttowhichhistoricalexplanationsarecontested.• Theanswermaynotdemonstraterealoriginalityorimagination,butthewriterwillpresent

ideaswithsomedegreeofintellectualindependence,andshowanabilitytoreflectonthepastanditsinterpretations.

Rangeofknowledge• Theanswerwilldisplayanextensive,butsometimesuneven,rangeofknowledge. Itwill

demonstrateevidenceofconsiderablereading.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateasenseofthenatureofhistoricaldevelopment.• Thewriterwilldemonstrateanabilitytomovebetweengeneralisationsanddetailed

discussions,althoughtheremaybeatendencytowardseitherover---generalisedoranover-

19|P a g e

• particularisedresponsetothequestion.• Thewriterwillreflectonthenatureoftheevidenceandsourcesavailabletothem,andattempt

touseitcritically.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateasecureunderstandingofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.

Lowersecondclass(50---59)Structureandfocus

• Theworkwilldisplaysomeunderstandingofthequestion,butitmaylackasustainedfocusandonlyalimitedunderstandingofthequestion’swiderimplications.

• Thestructureoftheworkmaybedeterminedlargelybythematerialavailabletothewriter,ratherthanbythedemandsofthequestion.Ideasmaybestatedratherthanfullydeveloped.

• Thewritingmayincludedescriptiveandfactualmaterial,butwithoutthekindofcriticalreflectioncharacteristicofanswersinhighermarkbands.

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillbesufficientlyaccuratetoconveythewriter’smeaning,butitmaylackfluency

andcommandofthescholarlyidiomsusedbyhistorians.Itmaybeclumsyinplaces.• Thewritingwillshowsomeunderstandingofhistorians’ideas.Butitmaynotreflectcritically

uponthem.Theproblematicnatureofhistoricalexplanationsmaynotbefullyunderstood.• Theanswerisunlikelytoshowanyintentionaloriginality,andmaytendtowardstheassertionof

essentiallyderivativeideas.Rangeofknowledge

• Theanswerwillshowsignificantknowledge,butitmaybelimitedorpatchy. Itwillbesound,butmaycontainsomeinaccuracies.Therangeofreadingwillbelimited.

• Theanswerwillshowonlylimitedawarenessofhistoricaldevelopment.• Thewritermayshowapronenesstopresenttoomuchnarrativeordescriptivematerial,and

maypresentinformationwithoutreferencetothepreciserequirementsofthequestion.• Informationmaybepresenteduncriticallyandtherewillbelittleattempttoevaluateitsstatus

orsignificance.• Theanswerwilldemonstratesomeappreciationofthenatureofthehistoricalperiodunder

discussion.Thirdclass(40---49)Structureandfocus

• Workthatdisplayslittleunderstandingofthequestionandthewritermaytendtowriteindiscriminatelyaroundit.

• Theanswerwillhaveastructure,butitmaybeunderdeveloped,andtheargumentmaybeincompleteanddevelopedinahaphazardandundisciplinedmanner.

• Somedescriptivematerialwillbedeployed,butwithoutanycriticalreflectionofitssignificanceorrelevance

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingmaynotalwaysbegrammatical,anditmaylackthesophisticatedvocabularyor

constructionneededtosustainacomplexhistoricalargument.Inplacesitmaylackclarityandfelicityofexpression.

• Therewillbelittleappreciationofthecontestedandproblematicnatureofhistoricalexplanations.

20|P a g e

• TheanswerwillshownointentionaloriginalityofapproachRangeofknowledge

• Therewillbesufficientknowledgetoframeabasicanswer,butitwillbepatchyandlimited.Therearelikelytobesomeinaccuracies.

• Therewillbesomeunderstandingofhistoricaldevelopment,butitwillbeunderdeveloped,andtheideasofhistoriansandothersmaybemuddledormisunderstood.

• Therewillbeanargument,butthewritermaybepronetoexcessivenarrative,andtheargumentmaybesignpostedbybaldassertionsratherthaninformedgeneralisations.

• Informationwillbeemployeduncriticallyasifitwasalwaysself---explanatory.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateonlyarudimentaryappreciationofthehistoricalperiodunder

discussion.FaiI1(30---39)Structureandfocus

• Workthatdisplaysverylimitedunderstandingofthequestionandinmanyplacesdisplaysatendencytowriteindiscriminatelyaroundit.

• Theanswerwillhaveaweakstructurethatispoorlydeveloped.Thereisonlyalimitedandsomewhatincoherentargument.

• Onlyalimitedamountofdescriptivematerialwillbedeployed,usuallywithoutanycriticalreflectiononitssignificanceorrelevance.

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillfrequentlybeungrammatical,andwillnotbesuchasisrequiredtosustaina

complexhistoricalargument.Itwilloftenlackclarityandfelicityofexpression.• Therewillbealmostnoappreciationofthecontestedandproblematicnatureofhistorical

explanations.• Theanswerwillshownointentionaloriginalityofapproach.

Rangeofknowledge• Therewillonlybesufficientknowledgetoframeaverybasicanswer.Itwillcontainmany

inaccuracies.• Therewillbeonlyalimitedunderstandingofhistoricaldevelopment.• Therewillbeonlyverylimitedevidenceofanargument.• Informationwillbeemployeduncriticallyandasifitwasalwaysself---explanatory.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateonlyaveryrudimentaryandextremelylimitedappreciationofthe

historicalperiodunderdiscussion.Fail2(20---29)Structureandfocus

• Workthatdisplayslittleornorealunderstandingofthequestion.• Theanswerwillhaveaweakstructure,whichispoorlydeveloped.Thereisnocoherent

argument.• Onlyaverylimitedamountofdescriptivematerialwillbedeployed,withoutanycritical

reflectiononitssignificanceorrelevance.Someofitwillbeirrelevant.Qualityofargumentandexpression

• Thewritingwillbeungrammatical.Ideaswillsometimesbepresentedinnoteform.• Therewillbenoappreciationofthecontestedandproblematicnatureofhistorical

explanations.• Theanswerwillshownointentionaloriginalityofapproach.

21|P a g e

Rangeofknowledge• Therewillnotbesufficientknowledgetoframeevenabasicanswer.• Therewillbenorealunderstandingofhistoricaldevelopment.• Therewillbelittleifanyevidenceofanargument.• Itwillcontainlittlerelevantinformation.• Theanswerwilldemonstratenorealappreciationofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.

MarkingofexaminationpapersPleaseputonlyyourstudentnumberontheexaminationpaper.Allexaminationpapersaremarkedanonymously.AllworkcontributingtoModeratorshipisscrutinisedbytwointernalexaminersandreviewedbyanexternalexaminer.TheinternalandexternalexaminersconstitutetheBoardofExaminers,whichmeetsattheendofeachyeartodecideoneachstudent’sprogression.

ResultsResultswillbeprovidedonthewebduringTrinityTerm.TheexaminationperiodisaparticularlybusytimefortheDepartmentandwetrytoprovidestudentswiththeirresultsaspromptlyaswepossiblycan.Collegeregulationsprohibitusfromprovidingresultsoverthephoneortoathirdparty.

SupplementalexaminationsSupplementaryexaminationsforSophistermoduleswilltakeplaceduringtheSupplementaryExaminationperiodinAugustforallmodules.

Non---satisfactoryperformanceStudentswhohavefailedtoobtaincredit,foranyreasonlistedabove,maybereturnedas‘non---satisfactory’.YouareinformedofthisthroughyourCollegeTutor.Ifyoubelievethatyoushouldnothavebeensorecorded,youshouldstateyourcasetoyourCollegeTutor,whomustsubmitanappealtotheDepartmentbythesecondMondayofthefollowingterm.Studentswhoarerecordedas‘non---satisfactory’inbothMichaelmasandHilaryTermsarenotentitledtocreditfortheyear,andmaybeexcludedfromsittingtheannualexamination.

NotrisingwiththeyearStudentsrepeatingayeararerequiredtoattendseminarsandtutorials,submitwrittenworkandperformallexercisesasiftakingtheyearforthefirsttime.Theymusttakeadifferentcombinationofmodulesthantheirfirstcombinationifanymoduleormoduleshadbeenpartiallyorfullycompleted.

DegreeclassificationFinaldegreeclassificationisbasedonmarksreceivedforeachmoduleexaminedinModeratorshippart1(i.e.thirdyear)andpart2(i.e.fourthyear),includingtheDissertation.Therespectiveweightingofparts1and2variesfromprogrammetoprogrammebutgreaterweightingisalwaysgiventotheSeniorSophisteryearandtherelativeweightingofmarksbetweenmodulestakeninthesameyearreflectsthecreditvalueforeachmodule(e.g.a20ECTSmoduleisalwaysworthtwiceasmuchasa10ECTSmoduleincalculatinganoverallresult).

• ForSingleHonorsHistorystudentstheresultsfromJuniorSophisteryearcontribute35%tothefinalmoderatorshipresult,theresultsfromSeniorSophisteryeartheother65%ofthefinalresult.

Thefinaldegreeclassificationisreachedeitherbyarithmeticalaverage(bearinginmindtheweightingofdifferentyearsandcredits)orbygradeprofile(bearinginmindtheweightingofdifferentyearsandcredits).

22|P a g e

GradeprofileAgradeprofileiscalculatedbylookingatthegradedperformanceacrossallmodulestakeninaparticularyearandgivingspecialemphasistothepredominantgrade,inotherwordsthemostfrequentlyachievedgrade(1st,2.1,2.2etc.),takingintoaccountdifferentcreditweightings.Forexample,iftherearefourperformancesintheassessment,ofequalcreditvalue,andacandidateachievesthree2.1marksandone2.2mark,butthearithmeticmarkisaborderline2.1/2.2,a2.1isawardedbasedonthegradeprofile.TheCourtofExaminersmayapplydiscretioninappropriatecircumstances.

PrizesThereareanumberofprizesofinteresttostudentsintheirfinalyearinHistoryandareawardedonthebasisoftheirmoderatorshipresults.TheseincludetheCluffMemorialPrize,theDunbarIngramMemorialPrize,andtheLysterPrize.FordetailsofthecriteriafortheawardofgoldmedalsseetheCollegeCalendar.StudentsshouldalsobeawareoftheIrishUndergraduateAwards.Furtherdetailsareavailableathttp://www.undergraduateawards.com/

YearabroadIfyouhavetakenyourJuniorSophisteryearabroad,atoneofourpartneruniversities,youwillbeexaminedorassessedinaccordancewiththenormalpracticeforstudentsatthatinstitution.Theresultantmark(translatedintotheTrinitymarkingscheme)willreplacethatfortheannualexamination.

CareeradviceAdegreeinHistorydisqualifiesyoufromnothing,andreassuresemployersthatyoupossessawiderangeofadaptableskills,includingcriticalreading,accuratewritingandfamiliaritywithbasiccomputing.Particularlyifyousecureafirstoruppersecond,youmayalsoconsiderapplyingforpostgraduatestudies.Forfurtheradvice,visittheCareersAdvisoryService7-9SouthLeinsterStreet,afteritreopens.ItsbulletinsandannouncementsaredisplayedonDepartmentalnotice---boards.Alsoseethefollowingwebpage:www.tcd.ie/Careers/

FurtherstudyForstudentsinterestedinpursuingfurtherstudy,theDepartmentwelcomesapplicationsforpostgraduatedegrees.TheDepartmentofHistorycurrentlyoffersfourtaughtM.Philprogrammes,andthesecoursescanbestudiedfull-timeoveroneyearorpart-timeovertwoyears.OurM.Philprogrammesarein:

• MedievalStudies• EarlyModernHistory• InternationalHistory• ModernIrishHistory• PublicHistoryandCulturalHeritage.

TheSchoolofHistoriesandHumanitiesalsooffersM.PhilprogrammesinGenderandWomen’sStudies,ArtHistory,andClassics.Forfurtherdetailsseehttp://www.tcd.ie/history/postgraduate/taught/Applicationsarealsowelcomedforourresearchdegrees,theM.LittorthePh.D.IfyouhaveanM.LittorPh.DthesistopicinmindcertainlydiscussitwithaprospectivesupervisorintheDepartment.Forfurtherdetailsseehttp://www.tcd.ie/history/postgraduate/research/

23|P a g e

Guidelinesforwritingessays

PreparationTheusualpurposeofwritingahistoryessayistoansweraspecificquestionorsetofinterlockingquestions,nottoprovideamerechronologyofvaguelyrelatedevents.Wheretheessaytitledoesnotconsistofaspecificquestion,youshouldformulateyourownquestiontolimitthetopic.Youshouldprepareforanessaybyusingthereadinglistsprovidedbythemodulelecturer,whicharedirectlyrelevanttothesubject,makingusewhereappropriatealsoofrelevantreferenceworks.Inreading,youshouldattempttotakeaccountofhistoricalcontroversiessurroundingthetopic.Beforewritingtheessay,deviseanoutlinewithaclearstructure.Thismaybesubmittedwiththeessay.

Essaysshouldconcentrateonargumentandanalysis,andnotnarrative.

Anessaywhichsimplynarratesaseriesofeventswithoutanalysingthemwillalwaysscorealowmark,nomatterhowwellwrittenandpresenteditis.Inassessingessays,teacherstakeaccountofattributessuchascriticalability,rangeofreadingandanalysis,accuracy,structure,expression,presentationandoriginalityofthought.Themarkrepresentsamedleyofdistinctevaluations.Aninteresting,provocative,buttechnicallyflawed,essaymightreceivethesamegradeasonewhichissystematic,faultlesslypresented,butdull.

SourcinginformationAlldirectandindirectquotations,aswellastheideasoropinionsofothers,mustbereferenced.Indirectquotationsshouldbeextensivelyreworded,reorderedandtheircontentsanalysed,inordertoavoidsuspicionofplagiarism.Asageneralrule,anyinformationtakenfromabook/article/websitemustbesourced.However,itisnotnecessarytosourcegeneralinformationorfacts(e.g.Hitlercametopowerin1933)whicharecommonknowledgeand/orcaneasilybeverified.

StructureThebasicstructureofanyessayshouldconsistofanintroduction,amainpart,aconclusion,andabibliography.Theintroductionshoulddefineaspecificquestionordiscussthequestionalreadyposedandoutlinehowthestudentintendsgoingaboutansweringthequestion.Anyterms/conceptsrequiringdefinitionshouldbedealtwithintheintroduction(e.g.‘WastheFirstWorldWaratotalwar?’requiresadefinitionofwhat‘totalwar’is.).

Themainpartofanessayshouldconsistofseveralcentralpoints,whichdealwithindividualaspectsofthequestionposedandleaduptoananswer,orasetofpossibleconclusionsbasedontheevidence.Aclearstructurewillmaketheargumentmorecoherentandeasiertofollow.

Theconclusionshouldmakeacasefortheargumentsputforwardintheessay.Thereaderdoesnotneedasummaryoftheprecedingpages,buttobeleftthinkingabouttheargumentsputforwardinaconciseandcoherentway.Theconclusiondoesnothavetobedefinitive.Oftenadmittingthatmorequestionsneedtobeaskedisthemosthonestconclusionwecanmake.

Thebibliographyisdealtwithbelow.

24|P a g e

Formatandprose• Pagesmustbenumberedconsecutively• Textmustbespacedat1½ordoublewithgenerousleft---andright---handmargins.• Fontsizemustbe12point;footnotesmustbe10point.• Quotationslongerthanthreelinesshouldbeseparatedfromthetextandindented(reduced

fontsizeorsinglelinespacingareoptionalbutmustbeappliedconsistently).• Paragraphsshouldbelimitedtolessthanapageandthedevelopmentofasinglepoint;single

sentenceparagraphsshouldbeavoided.• Writefullsentences,donotlinktwogrammaticallyseparatesentenceswithacomma.(The

previoussentencemakesthismistakeinordertodemonstrateit.)Allsentencesbeginwithacapitalletterandendwithafullstop.Thisappliestofootnotesaswellastext.Quotations,too,mustendwithafullstopatsomepoint:thefootnotenumberandtheinvertedcommasarenosubstituteforthefullstop.

• Wherepossibletheactiveratherthanthepassiveformshouldbeused(again,thissentencemakesthemistakeinordertodemonstrateit).

• Avoidabbreviations(e.g.‘esp.’forespecially)asmuchaspossiblewithinthetext.Whereabbreviationsareusedtheyshouldbeconsistentthroughouttheessay.

• Usethefirstperson(‘I’,‘we’)verysparinglyifatall.• Elisions(e.g.doesn’t,isn’t)aswellasslang,jargonandanexcessiveuseofmetaphors

constitutebadstyle.• Afrequentmistakemadeistheuseofit’s(itis)insteadofits.• Useitalicsforforeignwordsandthetitlesofbooks,films,etc.withinthetext.• Spelloutallnumberslessthan101,exceptwhenusedingroupsorinstatisticaldiscussion.

Figuresinthousands,suchas5,000,takeacomma.• Noteelisions:156---9,but(forteens)115---16.• Datesshouldbeformattedinthefollowingmanner:12December1970(nocomma)inthe

text;12Dec.1970infootnotes.Elisions:1834---5,1816---17,exceptthat inarticleheadingsandincitingtitlesofbooksandarticlesuse1834---1835,i.e.withoutelision.Placeacommabeforedatesintitlesofbooksandarticles.Decades:1850snot1850’s;eightiesnot ‘80s.‘Sixteenthcentury’(noun,withouthyphen);‘sixteenth---century’(adjective,withhyphen).

• ‘From1785to1789’,not‘from1785---89’;likewise‘between1785and1789’,not‘between1785---89’.

• Payspecialattentionshouldbepaidtospellingandgrammar;names,placenames,andforeignwordsarefrequentlymisspelled.

• Re---readyourworkbeforesubmitting itand, ifpossible,asksomeoneelsetoreaditaswell.

25|P a g e

Referencing

BibliographyEveryessaymustcontainabibliography,situatedattheendoftheessay,listingtheworksconsulted.Onlyworksactuallyconsultedshouldbelisted.Therearedifferentmethodsofconstructingabibliography;themainthingisthatitisconsistentwithinitselfandthatsufficientinformationissuppliedtotracethematerialslisted.Dividethebibliographyintoprimarysourcesandsecondarysources.

Primarysources• Primarysources,dependingonyourfield,mightinclude:

o Manuscriptsources(listbyorderofarchive)o Officialpublicationso Newspapersandperiodicalso Contemporaryprintedtexts&moderneditionsofcontemporarysources

• Aseveryone'srangeofprimarysourceswilldifferconsultwithyourmodulelecturerastothemostappropriatemethodofarrangingyourparticularbibliography.

• Whenlistingprimarysources(especiallymedieval)withoutanapparentauthorthetextshouldbelistedfirstfollowedbythenameoftheeditor.Wheretheauthorisknowntheeditoroftheeditionusedmustalsobeincluded.Forexample,DieChronikenBertholdsvonReichenauundBertoldsvonKonstanz,ed.I.S.Robinson(Hanover,2003).

SecondarysourcesBooksandarticlesshouldbelistedassecondarysources.

BooksWhencitingabook,observethefollowingorder:

• author’ssurname• author’sfirst name• Editorsshouldbeidentifiedassuchbyplacing‘(ed.)’aftertheirname(e.g.RogerGriffin(ed.)).

Formorethanoneeditoruse‘(eds)’.• titleinitalics• placeanddateofpublication(Theplaceofpublicationisthetownandnotthecountry(e.g.

LondonandnotEnglandorGreatBritain;Princeton,NJ,notjustNewJersey.)• editionusedanddateoffirstedition(ifnotfirstedition),forexample:• Barry,T.B.,ThearchaeologyofmedievalIreland(London,1987;latestedn;London,2004)• ÓSiochrú,Micheál(ed.),Kingdomsincrisis:Irelandinthe1640s(Dublin,2000)Fitzpatrick,

David,HarryBoland’sIrishrevolution(Cork,2003)• Thecommonabbreviationforpageis‘p.’,forpages‘pp.’(e.g.p.3andpp.3---5).

ArticlesinbooksWhencitingabookchapter,observethefollowingorder:

• author’ssurname• author’sfirst name• titleofthechapter• editor’soreditors’fullnameornames• titleofbook

26|P a g e

• placeanddateofpublication• editionanddateoffirstedition(ifnotfirstedition)• pagenumbersofthefullchapter

Forexample:Duffy,Sean,‘HenryIIandEngland'sinsularneighbours’,inChristopherHarper---BillandNicholasVincent(eds),HenryII:newinterpretations(Woodbridge,2007),129–53.Murdock,Graeme,‘Amagyarreformatusegyhaztortenet---iras’,inG.Fazakas,D.Csorba&B.Barath(eds),Egyhazeskegyessegakoraujkorban.Kutatastortenetitanulmanyok(Debrecen,2009),59---82.O’Neill,Ciaran,‘Pearse,Parnell&thepriests:historyandpoliticsintheIrishschoolboynovel’,inK.Jencova(ed.),ThepoliticsofIrishwriting(Prague,2010),69---77.

ArticlesinjournalsWhencitingajournalarticle,observethefollowingorder:

• author’ssurname• author’sfirst name• titleofarticle• nameofjournal• volume,number,andyearofjournal• pagenumbersofarticle• editionanddateoffirstedition(ifnotfirstedition)

Forexample:Gallagher,Niav,‘TheFranciscansandtheScottishwarsofindependence:anIrishperspective’,JournalofMedievalHistory,32(2006),3---17.Clarke,Joseph,‘Cenotaphsandcypresstrees:commemoratingthecitizen---soldierintheYearII’,FrenchHistory,22(2008),218---40.

WebsitesWhencitingawebsite,observethefollowingorder:

• nameofwebsite• exactwebsiteaddressinbrackets(URL)• dateofaccess

Forexample:TrinityCollegeDublin(http://www.tcd.ie)[accessed:1September2018].

**Alwayscheckwithyourmodulelecturerthatthewebsitesyouareconsultingarereputableandauthoritativesourcesofinformation.**

Issueswillariseinyourbibliographybecauseoftheindividualnatureofyourresearch.Consultyourmodulelecturerifyouareindoubtaboutanyissuesofpresentationorcitation.

27|P a g e

FootnotesReferencesmustbeinsertedasconsecutivelynumberedfootnotesaftertherelevanttextpassage.Referencesmustbeconsistentandunambiguous,containingprecisepagereferences,notonlyfordirectquotationsbutalsoforindirectones.Poorcitationmayleadtotheimpairmentofgrades.**Somemodulelecturershavepreferredstylesheets.PopularonesintheDepartmentaretherulesforcontributorstothejournalsIrishHistoricalStudiesandTheHistoricalJournal.

Youcanconsulttheseathttp://www.irishhistoricalstudies.ie/rulesforcontribs.pdfandhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayMoreInfo?jid=HIS&type=ifc.

Onceyousettleonastylesheetuseitconsistentlyinyourwork.

Thesearejustsomegeneralguidelines,butconsultyourmodulelecturerabouttheirpreferredstylesheet.

• Thefirstreferencetoaparticularworkshouldcontainthesameinformationasthebibliographicentrywithjusttwodifferences:I. theorderoftheauthor’snameisreversed,soauthor’sfirstnameandthensurnameII. andyoumustincludespecificpagereferences

Forexample:DavidFitzpatrick,HarryBoland’sIrishrevolution(Cork,2003),57.

• Subsequentreferencestothesamesourceshoulduseanabbreviatedform(author’ssurname,abbreviatedtitle,pagenumber(s)).Wherereferencesareidentical(oronlyrefertodifferentpageorvolumenumbers)andfollowoneanotherimmediately,thesecondandfollowingonesmaybeabbreviatedwith‘Ibid.’(i.e.‘justthere’)orbyashorttitle:Simms,KingstoWarlords.Donotuse‘ibid.’wherethereismorethanonereferenceintheprecedingnote.Use‘idem’todenotearepetitionoftheimmediatelyprecedingauthor’sname,whereonlyadifferentbookorarticletitle(andpagereferences)needstoberecorded.Use‘passim’todenotethatatopicisreferredtoperiodicallythroughoutthesourcecited.Donotuse‘op.cit.’or‘loc.cit.’Onlyuse‘cf.’whenitreallydoesmean‘compare’;otherwiseuse‘see’.Forexample:

1MriduRai,HinduRulers,MuslimSubjects:Islam,RightsandtheHistoryofKashmir(PrincetonNJ,2004),122---362DanielGeary,‘CareyMcWilliamsandantifascism,1934---1943’,JournalofAmericanHistory,90(2003),912---34,atpp.919---203Rai,HinduRulers,14---18.4Ibid.[orRai,HinduRulers],17.5Geary,‘CareyMcWilliams’,933.• Whenabbreviatingmonthsinfootnotes,notestandardabbreviations:Jan.,Feb.,Mar.,Apr.,

May,Jun.,Jul.,Aug.,Sept.,Oct.,Nov.,Dec.• Useabbreviations(e.g.forarchiverepositories)onlyiftheabbreviationhasbeenexplainedin

theinitialreference• Footnotesshouldnotingeneralbediscursive.Occasionally,theymaybeusedtoprovide

furtherexplanatoryinformationwhichisofsecondaryimportancetothepointbeingmadeandwoulddisrupttheflowoftheargument.

28|P a g e

Guidelinesforwritingadissertation*FullguidelineswillbeprovidedonthedissertationBlackboardpage.*Youshouldalsoconsultwithyoursupervisoronallmattersrelatingtoyourdissertation.PresentationThedissertationmustnotbelessthan8,000wordsandnotmorethan10,000wordsinlength.Gradesmaybeimpairedifdissertationsareshorterorlonger.Thetextmustbesupportedbyatableofcontents,classifiedbibliography,andsystematicreferencestosourcesintheformoffootnotesorendnotes.Inplaceofadissertation,studentsmaybepermittedtoundertakeaneditorialproject,comprisingatranscribedtextofupto10,000words,fullyannotated,andanintroductionof3,000---5,000words.Wordcountsdonotincludefootnotes,appendices,andbibliography.

Beforeembarkingonresearch,workoutastrategyfortakingnotesaccurately,methodically,andretrievably.Rememberthatyourdissertationwillrequirefarmorenotesthanatermessay.Doublechecktheaccuracyoftranscriptionasyougo,clearlydistinguishingbetweenquotationsandsummaries,andmarkingtheprecisepageorfolionumberofeveryentry.Theuseofkeywordheadingswillaidfilingandretrieval.

Unlesstakingtheformofaneditorialproject,yourdissertationshouldbedividedintoanappropriatenumberofchapters,eachofwhichshouldbegivenaprecisetitle.Thereisnosetnumberofchaptersasthiswilldifferdependingonyoursubjectmatterandtheapproachyoutake.Decidingonthestructureofyourdissertationisoneofthebiggestchallengesoftheprocessandwillbedrivenbythenatureofyourprimaryresearch.Expectyourstructuretochangeandadaptinresponsetoyourprimaryresearch.

Quotationsfromsecondarysources,whetherdirectorindirect,shouldbebriefandwhollyrelevant(use...toindicateomittedpassages).Toavoidthesuspicionofplagiarismyoumustnotonlyuseyourownwords,butalsorefrainfromparaphrasingextendedpassagesfromanysinglework.Inthecaseofprimarysourceswhicharenotreadilyavailable,longerextractsmaybeincludedinsupportofadetailedtextualcommentary.Youmayreproduceentiredocumentsorextendedextractsinanappendix,withappropriatereferencesinthetext.Allquotationsmustfollowtheoriginalprecisely,inwording,spelling,andcapitalisation.

Precisepagereferencesmustbegivenforalldirectquotations,andalsoforcloselyparaphrasedpassages.Whenapassageisre-quotedfromasecondarytext,thattextmustbecitedinadditiontotheoriginalsource.Referencesmaybegiveninnotesatthefootofthepage.Pleasedonotfollowthecommonbutdistractingpracticeofinterpolatingreferencesinthetext,unlessyoursupervisorhasapprovedthissystem.Footnotecitationsmayuseabbreviatedtitles,butmustindicatethepreciselocationofeveryprimarysourcecited(suchasfolionumberwithinMSS,orpageandcolumnnumberinanewspaper).Inshort,giveenoughinformationtoallowthereadertotracethepassagecited.Poorcitationmayleadtotheimpairmentofgrades.

Theintroductionisvitalintermsofframingyourdissertation,andestablishingwhatyourdissertationistryingtodo.Itisalsoimportantintermsofestablishinghowyourresearchrelatestowiderscholarlydebatesinyourfield.Theintroductionwillsetthetonefortheworkandis,therefore,keytoexplainingtherationalebehindtheworkandapproach.Itcandoaconsiderableamountintermsofconvincingtheexamineraboutthenatureofyourapproach.

Conclusionsoftenbecomesummaries-youdonotwantthistohappen.Theexaminerhasreadthedissertation;theydonotwantasummaryofitnow.Theconclusionisachancetodrivehomeyourcentralarguments,todrawtogetherwhatyourchaptershavedone,andtoleavetheexaminerwiththekeypointsandthekeyquestionsthatstillremain.

29|P a g e

BasicformattingThedissertationmustinclude:

• atitlepage• atableofcontents• asigneddeclarationconfirmingthatthedissertationisallyourownwork.Thisdeclaration

shouldnotbeboundintothebodyofthedissertationandshouldbesubmittedseparately.• abibliography• systematicreferencingofsourcesbyfootnotesthroughout

Itmustbeformattedinthefollowingfashion:• Dissertationsmustbe1½ordouble-spaced.• Ifaprintedversionisrequired(thisdependsonCollege’sarrangementsforHilaryterm),use

onlyonesideoftheA4page.• Leavegenerousmarginstoallowforbinding.• Begineachchapter,thebibliography,appendices(ifyouhaveany)onanewpage.• Numberthepagescorrectly:

o thetitlepageshouldnothaveanumber.o preliminarypages-tableofcontents,listofabbreviations,listofillustrations,listof

appendicesetc.,dependingonthenatureofyourdissertation,shouldbenumberedinRomannumerals.

o thefirstpageoftheintroductionshouldbeyourpage1.Beginthefootnotesineachchapteratnumber1.Inotherwords,thenumberingoffootnotesshouldnotcontinueonfromchaptertochapter.Dependingonthenatureofyourdissertationyoumayincludeappendices,illustrations,graphs,maps,etc.Includethemtoaddtotheargumentnotjustforthesakeofincludingthem.Ifyoudoincludeanyoftheseitemsyoumaythenrequirealistofillustrations,maps,appendices,etc.,inthepreliminarypagesofthedissertationafterthetitlepage.Also,ifyouhaveaconsiderablenumberofabbreviationsoracronymsinyourtextorfootnotes,youmightincludealistofabbreviationsatthestartofthedissertation.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtowarrantafulllistthenincludetheabbreviationinparenthesesafterthefirstreferenceinthetextorfootnote.Forexample:'...entrytotheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(E.E.C.)...'.

Referencing(seepp.24-6above)• Ifsomeofyourprimarysourcesorsecondarysourcesarenotdealtwithinanyofthefootnote

examplesoutlinedalreadyinthishandbook,andiftheredoesnotseemtobeanappropriateexampletoadapttoencompassthem,thenseekguidancefromyoursupervisor.Thegoverningprincipleforallfootnotesisthatsomeonereadingyourtextshouldbeabletofindtheexactsourceyouhaveconsulted.Clarityandconsistencyarethekeythingstorememberwhenfootnoting.

• Ifcitingprimarysourcesviewedontheinternet,alwaysgivethefullprovenanceofthedocument,asifyoureaditinalibraryorarchive.Includethefullwebaddressandthedateonwhichyouconsultedit.

• Poorcitationmayleadtolowergrades.• Aseveryone'srangeofprimarysourceswilldifferconsultwithyoursupervisorastothemost

appropriatemethodofarrangingyourparticularbibliography.Inthecaseofprimarysourcessuchasmanuscripts,newspapersorrarepublications,youmustsupplythenameoftherelevantlibraryorarchive,andwhereappropriatetheMSSorcallnumber.

30|P a g e

Submittingyourdissertation• Dissertationsmustbesubmittedelectronically,andinhardcopydependingonCollege’s

pandemicguidelinesduringHilaryterm.Ifwearenotbacktofullshared-spaceteachingyouwillnotberequiredtosubmitahardcopy.

• Dissertationsmustbesubmittedanonymously.Onlyuseyourstudentnumberanddonotincludeyourname.Yourstudentnumbershouldappearonthetitlepageofthedissertation.

• Aseparatesigneddeclarationshouldalsobesubmittedstatingthatthedissertationisallyourownwork.Thisshouldnotbeboundinwiththedissertationinordertomaintaintheanonymityofyourwork.

• Ifhardcopyisrequired,pleasesubmittwoidenticalhardcopiestothemainhistorydepartmentoffice.Pleasemakesurethatthesehardcopiesaresecurelybound.Thereareanumberofmethodsofdoingthis–ring-bound,heat-bound,hard-bound.Whichevermethodyouchoosejustmakesureitissecurelybound.

• TheelectroniccopymustbesubmittedbythedeadlinethroughTurnItInonBlackoard.

31|P a g e

Section4:ImportantdatesSINGLEHONORSSTUDENTS

Allessaysdueat11:00ontherelevantdate

WEEK DATE MICHAELMASTERM2020

1 MonSept Classesbegininallmodules

3 Mon12Oct Submissionofdissertationreviewessay(2,000words),dissertationoutlineandbibliographyofmajorprimaryandsecondarysources(Sen.Soph.only)

7 Mon9Nov READINGWEEK

8 Mon16Nov SubmissionofessayinallListImodules(Jun.Soph.&Sen.Soph.)

9 Mon23Nov Submissionofadissertationdraftchapter(2,500words),tableofcontents,andfullbibliography(Sen.Soph.only)

10 Mon30Nov Submissionofessayinone---termListIImodules(Jun.Soph.&Sen.Soph.)

11 Mon7Dec Submissionofessay inoneof thetwoListIIyear---longmodules(Jun.Soph.only)

12 Mon14Dec Submissionof essay inthesecondofthetwoListIIyear---longmodules(Jun.Soph.only)

12 Fri18Dec Teachingends

w/b11Jan Examsbegin(one-termListIImodules)

WEEK DATE HILARYTERM2021

1 Mon1Feb ClassesbegininallSophistermodules

3 Mon15Feb Submissionofdissertationproposal(Jun.Soph.only)

7 Mon15Mar READINGWEEK

8 Mon22Mar SubmissionofessayinallListImodules(READINGWEEK

9 Mon29Mar Submissionofessayinone---termListIImodules(Jun.Soph.&Sen.Soph.)

11 Mon12Apr SubmissionofDissertation(Sen.Soph.only)

11 Mon12Apr Submissionofessay inoneof thetwoListIIyear---longmodules(Jun.Soph.only)

12 Mon19Apr Submissionof essay insecondofthetwoListIIyear---longmodules(Jun.Soph.only)

12 Fri23Apr Teachingends

w/b10May Examsbegin