gunpowder empires
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Gunpowder Empires. Chapter 21-22?. Ottomans in Middle East, Mughals in India, China & Japan. Middle East, India, China. Dominated postclassical period But position challenged in 1450-1750 Lingering vibrancy makes these areas less affected by European expansion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Gunpowder Empires
Chapter 21-22?
Ottomans in Middle East, Mughals in India, China & Japan
Middle East, India, China Dominated postclassical period
But position challenged in 1450-1750
Lingering vibrancy makes these areas less affected by European expansion
Seeds of 19th century subordinance laid
Muslim EmpiresOttomans, Safavids, & Mughals: from Bridge b/t Civs to Gunpowder Empires
Chapter 21, pgs 456-480
The Ottoman Empirecrash course intro
Istanbul song
Turkey?When most think of Turkey, they think of…
Why are the birds called this? And, what can we learn from their names?
…instead of…
Etymology of “Turkey” Result of the Turks being the primary
merchants responsible for trading the guinea fowl in Europe
Thus, when Spain opened the Americas, the domesticated birds found in the Aztec Empire gradually grew to be called, “turkeys.” In fact, the Ottomans were such import traders
that corn was originally called, “turkey corn.”
Ottomans: Warriors to Empire
Question Describe conflicts and competition that
served to undermine Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese governments.
Janissaries Elite gunpowder force of Sultan
Part of Devshirme Process of enslaving young Christian boys Given a test
High performers – bureaucrats Others – Janissaries
Based on the creation of a new slave aristocracy
Ottomans: Warriors to Empire
Question Compare and contrast the Janissary corps and
Chinese scholar-gentry.
Mughals Central Asian descendants of Mongols &
Tamerlane seek to fill power vacuum Remember…rule of India is regionalism
Warrior elites depose Delhi Sultanate & begin building an empire of Muslim ruling elite over Hindu majority
Akbar the Great Conquers much of India using cannons &
muskets to defeat elephant units Efforts to build prosperous empire
Improve lives of women & poor Trade-based economy: vigorous internal trade due to
unification, external trade of manufactures for silver & Asian goods brought by Europeans
Ease tension b/t Hindus & Muslims
Religious Movements in Response to Hindu-
Muslim Life
In addition to Akbar’s Din-i-Ilahi…Sikhism:
Started 10 prophets, called Gurus Evidence of period & prolonged contact b/t Hindus &
Muslims
1.Karma Reincarnation2.Belief in enlightenment rather than heaven/hell3.One God, pray 5 times daily4.No caste system
Decline – Weak Successors Few can follow vigor of Akbar’s leadership &
desire to help foster prosperous society Shah Jahan & grandeur
Few maintain efforts to ease societal tensions Aurangzeb: gunpowder & Islamic emphasis gone too
far
Reflect1. Describe conflicts and competition that
served to undermine Ottoman and Mughal governments.
2. Evaluate the extent to which the Ottomans and Mughals represent a departure in Middle Eastern and Indian history.
3. Compare the Ottoman and Mughal empires.
Safavids: the Shia Challenge Turkish warriors conquer Persia in wake of Mongols
Promoted Shia Islam
Developed a key rivalry with Ottomans Case Study: Ottoman victory at the Battle of Chaldiran:
Shia v. Sunni - ends Persian / Shia expansion Gunpowder v Gunpowder - bloody
Demise of Safavids1. Succession – harem, rival princes, & isolation of
princes limited successful rule
2. Conservatism – slave-bureaucrats’ monopoly on gunpowder limits innovation
3. Internal strife – factional disputes with warrior elites
4. External pressure – European influence more detrimental due to relative weakness of Safavid technology