guide on final year project full time course

Learning and Teaching Materials i

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tuen Mun)

Department of Business Administration

__________________________________________

Guide on Final Year Project Full Time Course

__________________________________________

Higher Diploma in: Course Code

Law and Administration

BA 124009

[2018-19]

Student Project Guide (BA124009) ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. OBJECTIVES 1 3. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS 1 4. MODULE FORMAT 1 5. MODULE ADMINISTRATON 2

5.1 Project Coordinator (PCO) 2 5.2 Project Supervisor (PS) 2 5.3 Second Assessor (SA) 2

6. THE PROJECT 3

6.1 Students' Responsibilities 3 6.2 Project Areas 4 6.3 Project Types 4

7. PROJECT MILESTONES 5 8. PROJECT PROPOSAL 6

8.1 Proposal Structure 6 8.2 Proposal Format 7

9. PROJECT REPORT 8

9.1 Report Format 8 9.1.1 Paper Size 8 9.1.2 Font Type & Size 8 9.1.3 Line Spacing & Pagination 8 9.1.4 Header & Footer (Optional) 8 9.1.5 Word Limit 8 9.1.6 Footnotes or Endnotes (Optional) 8 9.1.7 Appendices 9 9.1.8 Summary 9

9.2 Report Structure 10 9.2.1 Preliminaries 10 9.2.2 Text 11 9.2.3 Reference Matters 11

9.3 Report Style & Content 11 10. LATE SUBMISSION PENALTIES 12 11. COPYRIGHT 12 12. PLAGIARISM 12

Student Project Guide (BA124009) iii

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY, REFERENCES AND CITATION - DOCUMENTATION STYLES 12 13.1 Bibliography 13 13.2 Citation in the Text 13 13.3 List of References 13

14. APPENDICES 14 15. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ON RESEARCH SKILLS 14

15.1 Sampling Method 14 15.1.1 Simple Random Sampling 15 15.1.2 Systematic Random Sampling 15 15.1.3 Stratified Random Sampling 16 15.1.4 Cluster Random Sampling 18

15.2 Data Collection and Sources 18 15.2.1 Direct Observation 19 15.2.2 Interview 19 15.2.3 Questionnaires 20

15.3 Data Analysis 23 16. ASSESSMENT 25

16.1 Assessment Criteria 25 16.1.1 Proposal 26 16.1.2 Report 27 16.1.3 Oral Presentation 27

16.2 Assessment Process 28 17. APPENDICES 29

Appendix I Project Title Page (Sample) 30 Appendix II Abstract (Sample) 31 Appendix III Acknowledgments (Sample) 32 Appendix IV Table of Contents (Report Sample) 33 Appendix V List of Tables (Sample) 35 Appendix VI Bibliography (Sample) 36

18. STANDARD FORMS 37

Form #1 Project Team Member Identification (PTMI) 38 Form #2 Initial Project Proposal 39 Form #3 Monthly Report on Project Activities 40 Form #4 Evaluation for Self & Team Members 41 Form #5 Cover Sheet for Submission of Project Work 43 Form #6 Acknowledgment of Receipt of Project Document 44

Student Project Guide (BA124009) 1 2017-18

1. INTRODUCTION The final stage project is a core element within the course. It integrates the knowledge acquired by students in earlier periods of study and applies it to practical issues. It provides a learning experience to students to undertake an area of study independently from conception to final reporting.

2. OBJECTIVES The main objective is to develop the students’ ability to undertake and complete an investigative work independently in an area of interest or within that part of the sector to which the students are vocationally oriented. Specifically, the objectives are to: (a) identify problems or critical issues relating to an area of study; (b) design a project and select the appropriate methodology; (c) carry out the project in a logical, disciplined, and punctual manner; (d) collect relevant data, analyse the information, and provide solutions to the problem or

form conclusions; (e) use appropriate skills to present the work clearly, concisely, effectively and

systematically. 3. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

The final stage students should have acquired the competence and ability to satisfactorily complete their project with the following knowledge and skills learned in earlier studies: (a) concepts of their areas of study, and the ability to apply them; (b) language competence in English; (c) understanding of statistical and information systems; (d) evaluation of legal and business information; (e) appreciation of legal and business problems worldwide, particularly relevant to China

and Hong Kong. (f) understanding of the organisation structure and behavioural context of the

management decision process; (g) awareness of the business entities’ relationship with their environment; (h) appreciation of the historical and cultural strengths and constraints of Hong Kong

business in regard to the economy, law and organisational behaviour; (i) presentation and team-work skills; (j) production of reports.

4. MODULE FORMAT

The module is seminar-based. Meetings are scheduled to assist students in their project development. Project development encompasses 4 distinct phases:

Phase 4

Report & Presentation Phase 3

Execution

Phase 2

Proposal

Phase 1

Conception

The project proposal should have a firm plan of work. When it is accepted, its execution will then follow, leading to the production of the final project report and its presentation.


5. MODULE ADMINISTRATION Any problems relating to your project, you should consult your PS. For enquiries on various aspects of module administration, please contact the PCO. 5.1 Project Coordinator (PCO)

The PCO has the following duties: • assign students into teams if they fail to do so themselves; • allocate supervisors to teams that fail to propose their own; • review proposed project titles so that no two projects, past or otherwise, have

apparently significant similarities; • endorse project titles proposed; • secure a Second Assessor (SA) for each project; • appoint a Moderator to review the assessment where necessary; • consolidate the assessment to derive a final mark for each project; • produce the record of work for the module; and • act as the Module Leader.

5.2 Project Supervisor (PS)

The PS should foremost ensure that a promising topic is engaged on and an acceptable project report can be produced in the required time frame. Apart from regularly meeting the students on progress, the PS stays in the background, available to give advice and counsel as well as share experience and expertise when disappointments along with setbacks occur.

The PS has the following duties: • Act as module tutor; • advise on the suitability of the chosen project area, type, and title; • approve project proposal; • provide guidance and advice throughout the progress of the project; • facilitate the project team to achieve a reasonably balanced workload distribution

among the individual team members; • advise project team to submit all the outgoing correspondences (including cover

email or fax) for checking PRIOR TO formal issuance; • ensure that progress is in line with the project milestones and departmental

activities especially the survey schedule; • review and comment critically on all proposal and final report drafts before the

project proposal/report is submitted; • ensure that the project report complies with the specified requirements; • assess and mark the project; • keep the student’s monthly peer evaluation form for assessment purpose especially

for extreme cases; • liaise with a sponsor or mentor organization, if and when necessary.

5.3 Second Assessor (SA) Each project team will be allocated a SA whose role is purely advisory as far as the carrying out of the project is concerned. The SA acts as an additional resource person and an independent opinion provider.

With regard to assessment, the SA is expected to liaise very closely with the PS for a greater understanding of the project and to maintain uniformity in the marks given across different projects as much as practicable. Both the SA and PS work with each other to come up with a mutually acceptable mark for the project team.


6. THE PROJECT Each project team, may consists of 5-6 students, will have a Team Leader and a Deputy, who act as the points of contact between the team and the PS in meetings. They also represent the team at the meetings with the PCO. A Project Team Member Identification (PTMI) with project interest (Form # 1) and Initial Project Proposal (Form # 2) should be submitted to the PCO. It is advisable to bear in mind that only topics, which can be realistically completed within the scheduled time frame, should be pursued. In fact, the project scope should not be so wide as to pre-empt a reasonably in-depth investigation. Moreover, the project can be a considerable extension or expansion of a project work previously carried out in the current course of study. 6.1 Student Responsibilities

Students should be aware that it is their responsibilities to ensure all aspects of the project work are completed satisfactorily, and that any assistance from the supervisor can only be regarded as supplementary. Students are not to seek the supervisor for assistance in the printing of proposal, powerpoint slides and/or final report. As an independent study, you must take the initiative to seek the PS’s help and to keep him or her informed of the progress. You should also report major problems they encounter and make recommendations for consideration to the PS once those problems come to their notice, rather than sit and wait hoping that the problems will disappear. You are responsible for: • forming your own project team otherwise the PCO will assign you into a team; • selecting their own project area, type, and title (Form #2); • contacting, discussing with and proposing a prospective PS; • observing the Project Milestones (Section 7) and performing the various activities; • submitting the required work within the deadlines specified; • reporting without delay major problems and making recommendations to the PS; • having scheduled meetings with the PS, while at the same time respecting the PS’s

other time commitments and privacy; • ensuring that workload is fairly distributed among the team members and such

distribution is agreed to; • reporting on progress on a monthly basis using the Monthly Report on Project

Activities (Form #3) to highlight the workload distribution and contribution among the team members

• assessing yourself & other team members using the Evaluation for Self and Team Members (Form # 4);

• proofreading the project for spelling, grammatical and other writing errors, and ensuring its production is in compliance with the format required in this guide. Your PS will make comments on your work but it is NOT his/her job to do your proofreading. However, you should NOT exert undue pressure on yourself to produce written work that is free from writing errors.

In order to produce written work of an acceptable writing standard, you are advised to draw on the techniques and resources available from various sources such as library.

6.2 Project Areas You are encouraged to work on a project that integrates the different areas you have learnt in your study. Ideas for project can come from a topic or topics that have


interested you during your course of study, Industrial Attachment (IA) or part-time work. The topic area finally selected should have relevance to your interest, course, and career. You are welcomed to carry out an investigative study on a specific area that would result in a relatively specialized piece of work. You are advised to do some relevant preliminary readings from books, journal articles, websites, and other sources to generate useful information in your chosen project area.

6.3 Project Types There are a number of ways to classify project types, which reveal different aspects of a project. One way is to classify them as: • Research based type; • Problem based / case study with survey questionnaire; The project may be one of the above types or any combination of them. However, students are NOT encouraged to conduct purely research based (literature-review) projects. Problem based / case Study with survey questionnaire Students address a concern, problem, debate or situation facing an existing organization/firm in relation to one or more of its functional areas and carry out a study on it. Street interview, on-line interview, face-to-face / telephone interview with professionals or councilors, observation studies may be adopted where appropriate. It could also be a review or critique of a current practice or proposed policy and contribute to that discussion. Both primary data (survey from the general public) and secondary data (information from the magazines/newspapers/journals/periodicals/books etc.) are required. The survey method is used to find out the application of any principles or theories in the real world. Observation studies or site survey may be adopted where appropriate. Sampling and questionnaires are usually adopted for data collection and empirical analysis.


7. PROJECT MILESTONES You must work according to the following schedule and all work must be submitted on or before the deadlines specified. Refer to the Academic Calendar for the teaching week numbers per semester.

Activities Date 1. Attend project introduction briefing Week12 in Semester 2

2. Form Project Team Week 3 in Semester 3

3. Carry out general preparation: background reading Summer

Semester 4 & 5

4. Attend project launching briefing Week 2 in Semester 4

5. Submit PTMI (Form # 1) and Initial Project Proposal

with title, aims & objectives and methodology (Form #

2) to PCO

Week 4

21 Sep 2018 (Friday)

6. Submit draft proposal to PS for checking Week 9*

2 Nov 2018 (Friday)

7. Submit Monthly Report on Project Activities (Form #

3) & Evaluation for Self & Team Members (Form #

4) to PS

31 Oct 2018, 31 Nov 2018,

31 Dec 2018, 31 Jan 2019,

28 Feb 2019 and 31 Mar

2019

8. Submit 3 x copies of Final Proposal with Form # 5 -

Cover Sheet for each submission to PCO via GO using

Acknowledgment Form # 6

Week 13*

30 Nov 2018 (Friday)

9. Execute the project From Week 13

10. Submit draft Report to PS for checking. Week 27*

8 Mar 2019 (Friday)

11. Submit 3 x copies of Final Report with Form # 5 -

Cover Sheet for each submission to PCO via GO using

Acknowledgment Form # 6 and 2 copies of

powerpoint slides

Week 31*

29 Mar 2019 (Friday)

12. Oral Presentation for Final Report Week 32-33

Apr 2019 (Date to be

confirmed)

13. Submit all project deliverables on a CD to PCO via GO

using Acknowledgment Form # 6

Week 33*

Apr 2019 (Date to be

confirmed)


* The deadline for each submission is 4:00 p.m. on the day, i.e. work submitted after 4:00 p.m. will count as one day late and Saturday and Sunday will be counted if work is submitted during or after the weekend. If in doubt, check with your PS or the PCO. To be fair to all students, penalty will be strictly imposed as indicated in Section 9.


8. PROJECT PROPOSAL The proposal aims to provide students with an opportunity to think about why an issue should be addressed; to determine the methodologies most appropriate to answer the question(s) being investigated; and to ascertain if the project is feasible within the time frame. Thus the purposes of the project proposal are: • to decide on the project title; • to indicate the objectives of the project; • to determine the necessary activities to achieve the objectives; • to identify the milestones for these activities; and • to allocate project tasks and distribute workload among group members. 8.1 Proposal Structure

The project proposal should contain the sections in the following table.

Problem solving / Case-study type

• Background of the problem for the study; • Statement of the aim and objectives; • Methodologies, e.g. interview, survey questionnaires, literature review,

research, etc.; • anticipated problems, and, if any, suggested solutions; • a trial table of contents with chapter outlines; • a brief bibliography; • distribution of work among the project team members; and • a time schedule, from the start to the final output.

Background of the Problem for the Study This is the rationale for conducting the proposed study / analysis. Students should think on what causes the need(s) to do the research. It is usually generated from the literature review or the analysis of the background of the problem area. Statement of the Aims and Objectives This is what the proposed research project would do. Students should specify, under the problem area specified, the statement of the problem and/or the focus(es) of the proposed study. Methodologies Methodology should specify the broad approach on HOW the proposed research project is to be conducted. It includes primary data collection such as surveys with questionnaire or interviews with different parties or interest group; secondary data collection by means of literature review from books, magazine articles, newspapers or article from website. The sampling method, data analysis method or any specific theories will need to be adopted according to the needs of the proposed study. The cover page of the project proposal should clearly state the project team number and the PS’s name. The number of words does not include that on cover page, table of contents, appendices, references and bibliography: Students should submit also a trial table of contents (≤ 2 pages) and a brief


bibliography or list of references (≤ 1 page) of at least 5 readings. The brief bibliography identifies the sources of materials; enables the PS to form an opinion of their quality and to suggest any useful references students may have overlooked. You need to expand on your reading when you proceed to write the final report.

8.2 Proposal Format:

Parameters Specifications

Double Side Printing Yes

Paper: Size A4

Colour White Margin:

Left 40 mm Right 25 mm Top 25 mm Bottom 25 mm

Font: Type Times New Roman Size Point 12

Line spacing One and a half Pagination Consecutively numbered Word Limit 2,000 - 2,500

Binding Ring-bound


9. PROJECT REPORT 9.1 Report Format

9.1.1 Paper Size Submission must be typed on both sides of A4 paper (except for drawings, maps or tables on which no restriction on paper size is placed), with a left margin of 40mm, a right margin of 30mm, a top margin of 25mm and a bottom margin of 25mm on each page. It should be properly bound. The required left margin of 40mm (1.5 inches) is intended to give sufficient space for binding the project and to ensure that all the text can be easily read. The paper should be white with a plain surface texture. The paper recommended is that commonly used for letters and photocopies, with a weight of about 80 gms.

9.1.2 Font Type and Size There is no intention to stipulate any specific type of word processing software to be used, nor any particular font type or size. However, students should not use script-like or fancy font types. The font type ‘Times New Roman’ or ‘Arial’ with a font size of 12 from Word is generally accepted.

9.1.3 Line Spacing and Pagination Use one and a half-spacing and all pages should be consecutively numbered.

9.1.4 Header and Footer (Optional) The header and footer may contain some general or chapter-specific identification. The following are some examples: • name of institution, e.g. Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

(Tuen Mun) • course-subject identification, e.g. HDLAA Final Year Project • chapter reference number and heading, e.g. Chapter 1 - Introduction

9.1.5 Word Limit Word limits are set to encourage you to write concisely. The number of words should be in the range of 5,000 to 6,000 excluding the appendices, references and bibliography of about 20 readings. While quantity of words is not a key assessment criterion, significant deviation from this word limit will either render the project being weak in demonstrating the required depth of analysis or make some parts of the project redundant. You should aim to keep your report as concise as possible, and yet still explain all the essential parts of your project. If you find yourself exceeding the word limit, consider using appendices (See Sections 9.1.7 and 14) to partition off information that does not contribute directly to the flow of your report.

9.1.6 Footnotes or Endnotes (Optional) These are short remarks to supplement the text. Where necessary, they can appear either at the bottom of each page (footnotes), or at the end of each chapter or the contents (endnotes). They should be numbered consecutively, single-spaced and referred to throughout the text with superscript Arabic numerals.


Whichever convention adopted, however, footnotes or endnotes are not part of the main contents and are not marked for assessment purpose. They should be excluded from the word count.

9.1.7 Appendices Appendices do not form part of the report and are NOT marked. The report should be self-contained and readers find no need to refer to the appendices, which cover supporting and detailed information. Essential information should be in the report, not the appendices. Hence students are reminded that the appendices, footnotes or endnotes should NOT be used as a measure of bypassing the word limit.

9.1.8 Summary

Parameters Specifications

Double Side Printing Yes

Paper: Size A4

Colour White Margin:

Left 40 mm Right 25 mm Top 25 mm Bottom 25 mm

Font: Type Times New Roman Size Point 12

Line Spacing One and a half Pagination Consecutively numbered Word Limit 5,000 - 6,000

Binding Book form


9.2 Report Structure The project report contents normally consist of 3 parts: • the preliminaries; • the text; and • the reference matters. The following indicates what can or should be included in each of these parts and a suggested order for their presentation. 9.2.1 Preliminaries

• Title Page (See Appendix I)

This includes: • the full title and sub-title (if any) • the qualification for which the project report is submitted • the names of all team members • the name of the department and institution • the month and year of submission

• Abstract (See Appendix II)

An abstract summarizes very briefly the report at the beginning of the project report. It should be ≤ 1 page and written in full sentences. Normally, it should be written last after completing the research findings, major conclusions and recommendations. The abstract should have the following paragraphs: i) a beginning paragraph describing why the project was carried out such

as: - background and the reasons for undertaking the project; - focus(es) and scope of your project;

ii) a middle paragraph highlighting the important features of the report;

- Methods used in the research e.g. types of survey conducted; sampling procedure; institutions or persons participated; etc.

- Summary of findings, e.g.: significant findings or results and how they turned out; and direct the reader’s attention to important findings.

iii) an ending stating the major conclusions and any recommendations.

• Acknowledgments (See Appendix III) You should acknowledge all those people who assisted you in the project including your PS’s name and those individuals or institutions that have supported the project. Any company executives, legislative councilors, district councilors or government officials who had co-operated by being interviewed or requested to answer your questionnaires should also be included.


• Table of Contents (See Appendix IV) The purpose of a ‘Table of Contents’ is to tell the readers what they can expect to find in the project report and how exactly to locate the various sections. It should list all titles of chapters and major sections and subsections within these chapters in the report, in the correct order, with page numbers to indicate where they may be found. The decimal numbering system for headings should be adopted, e.g.: 1 HUMAN RESOURCE

1.1 Staff 1.1.1 Recruitment and Selection 1.1.2 Training and Development 1.1.3 Salary and Compensation 1.1.4 Promotion and Termination

• List of Illustrations/Figures/Tables (optional) (See Appendix V)

This lists the page numbers on which all illustrations / figures / tables in the order in which they are found in the project report. Make sure the titles of illustrations / figures / tables are the same as those you gave the illustrations/figures/tables in the text.

• List of Abbreviations (optional) Abbreviations should be written out in full the first time in the text, e.g., the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC). The list of abbreviations contains all abbreviations used in the report in alphabetical order.

9.2.2 Text The body of the report is usually divided into 3 different parts: • introductory chapter; • core chapters; and • concluding chapter. In each chapter, it is necessary to divide the report into sections, subsections and sub-subsections to demonstrate a clear flow of information, which are separated by proper headings and subheadings.

9.2.3 Reference Matters The following are usually included in the reference matters: • Glossary (if applicable) • Bibliography or List of References (See Section 13) • Appendices (See Section 14)

9.3 Report Style and Content

The style will depend largely upon the type of project undertaken and upon your particular mode of expression. There is no standard style, but a report must read coherently and logically from start to finish. You are advised to use a simple style with a variation in sentence length to avoid monotony. Plan the structure of sections to provide a smooth and logical flow of information. Reminder: it is your responsibility to proofread material before submission (See Section 5.1).


10. LATE SUBMISSION PENALTIES Deadline exceeded by Outcome 1 calendar day Marks reduced by 20% * 2 calendar days Marks reduced by 50% * ≥ 3 calendar days Project will NOT be accepted

* Based on the marks awarded for the final project proposal and report (See Section 16). Note: For oral presentation, NO mark will be awarded if the project team fails to perform the presentation on the day and at the time scheduled.

11. COPYRIGHT Students are reminded to be alert to any infringement of copyright in doing their projects. Particular attention should be paid to Section 22 of the Copyright Ordinance 1997, which restricts any person to copy other people’s work. Any material in a project report that is not your original work must be referenced. There must be NO infringement of the copyright legislation (See Section 12).

12. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is defined as the unacknowledged use of work of another person, whether or not such work has been published. Here are some examples: • Including a quotation from an author without acknowledging its source. • Including a paragraph that closely resembles an author’s material without

acknowledging the author. • Including material that resembles the work of another student, past or present. If you plagiarize, you are • unfair to the author; • unfair to other students who fully give people credit for using their ideas; • failing to do independent work as expected in project work; and • breaching the copyright legislation. Plagiarism is totally unacceptable!

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY, REFERENCES AND CITATION – DOCUMEN TATION STYLES In writing the body of the project report, reference must be given in the text when any facts, opinion, or idea that is not common knowledge or your own opinion, analysis, or interpretation is used. All these references are required to be gathered together at the end of the report into a list of references that is arranged in alphabetical order and then by date. The key elements of a bibliographic reference include • the name of the author • the title; • the place of publication,; • the publisher's name; • the date of publication; • a designation of the location, or page number; and • a designation of the publication medium (e.g., an electronic source). 13.1 Bibliography


A bibliography lists all the sources consulted BUT NOT USED OR NOT QUOTED in the text. This provides an additional source of information for readers if they wish to pursue your argument further. In compiling the bibliography, the consulted materials should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication. Examples: • Journal Articles

Kanafani, A. and Abas, M.S. (1987) Local air service and economic impact of small airports. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 113, 42-55.

• Books Boyer, K.D. (1988) Principles of Transport Economics. Addison Wesley, Michigan.

• Report Transport Department (2005) Annual Traffic Census 2005. Hong Kong.

13.2 Citation in the Text Normally, citation will be made from reference materials when you are writing your project report and proposal. Please make sure that every reference cited in the text is also listed in the list of references (and vice versa). All citations in the text should adopt the following citation style: • Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and

the year of publication; • Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication; • Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of

publication. Examples: in your text you may write "… as demonstrated (Grant, 2002a, 2002b, 2005; Grant and Lambert, 2003). Boyer et al. (2004) have recently shown ...."

13.3 List of References The most important thing in referencing is that the source of your information must be supplied at the time that information is provided in the text. It must appear immediately after any borrowed remark, quotation, fact, idea, figure, table, graph, etc. A list of references gathers all these sources that are QUOTED in the text. The style for compiling the list of references is the same as that for compiling a bibliography.


14. APPENDICES Appendices should be arranged and numbered in the order in which they are referred to in the text of the project report. Several kinds of documentation evidence may be appendices: • glossary of terms • questionnaire(s) used • interview schedule • letters, e.g., to survey participants • raw research data • official documents • complex tables • census data • … These documents are included in the appendices rather than in the text because they would interrupt the flow of reading the project report. DO NOT include in the Appendices any material, which you did not refer to in your project report and which is not relevant in some way to your project. Your reader should NOT need to refer material in the Appendix to understand the text. The Appendix is there so that the reader could check up on an aspect of your project if so wished.

15. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ON RESEARCH SKILLS 15.1 Sampling Method

Sample Design Sample Design is a procedure or plan, specified before any data are collected, for obtaining a sample from a given population. A representative sample contains the relevant characteristics of the population in the same proportion, as they are included in that population. In the view of time and cost involved in using population, people always rely on using sampling instead of using the population. Clearly, the sample must have to be representative of the population. There are various methods we can use to try to ensure its representativeness, and they can be classified into two main categories: Probability Sampling and Non-Probability Sampling. Probability Sampling (Random Sampling) Probability sampling select samples by methods that allows each possible item to have a known and equal probability of being included in the sample. Also the selection of one item does not affect the chance of any other item being selected. 15.1.1 Simple Random Sampling

Sample is selected from target population under the provision that every


member of the population has a known and equal probability of being included in the sample. If a sample of size n is drawn from population of size

N, then the probability of being selected is N

n.

If all elements of the population are listed and numbered, random sample can be selected by drawing thoroughly mixed numbered tags or tickets from a bowl, but the process of selection is tedious, especially large samples are required. The easiest way to select a sample randomly is to use random numbers. Random numbers may be generated by computers or by calculators.

15.1.2 Systematic Random Sampling Elements are arranged in some ways (such as in ascending order), a starting point is randomly selected by using simple random sampling method, and then other elements are selected from the population at a uniform interval that is measured in time, order or space. For example, we pick every 10th name on the student list, or pick every 50th piece coming off an assembly line. The element of randomness is usually introduced into this kind of sampling by using random number to pick the unit with which to start. e.g. 1 Suppose we inspect every 40th piece made by a particular machine, our result would be biases if, because of a regularly recurring failure, every 20th piece were defected. e.g. 2 Suppose we were sampling paper waste produced by households, and we decided to sample 100 households every 7th day (say every Monday). Chances are that our sample would not be representative, because Monday's rubbish would very likely included the Sunday's rubbish. Thus, the amount of waste would be biased, that is over-estimated by our choice of this sample procedure. The bias would be avoided if we take samples every 8th day. e.g. 3 There are 480 students in the BA department. The department head—Ms. Chan would like to invite EIGHT of them to join the BA Society. Ms. Chan is going to use systematic random sampling method to select the eight students. In the selection process, she will read across from row 2 of the random number table provided below. Find the eight students and explain the process in details. Solution Step 1: Assign number to the 480 students from 1 to 480. In this case,

since the population size N = 480, we will use 3 digits to represent each student number. i.e. number 1 will be denoted as 001, number 83 will be denoted as 083.

Step 2: Let r = a sample item is drawn from every rth item (student no.) in

the population.


r = n

N Given N = 480, n = 8

r = 480 / 8 = 60 so if we draw student no. F as the first sample item, the second sample item will be student no. F + 60, and etc.

Step 3: Let F = the student no. drawn as the first sample item. 1 ≤ F ≤ r Here, F should be between 01 and 60. The exact value of F is determined by using simple random sampling method. For example the number chosen by simple random sampling is 39. So student no. 39 is chosen as the first sample item.

Step 4: Find the rest of the sample items. recall F = 39, r = 60

Sample item

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Student No.

39 99 159 219 279 339 399 459

Mechan- ism

F F + r F + 2r F + 3r F + 4r F + 5r F + 6r F + 7r

Advantages of the Systematic Random Sampling Systematic Sampling provides an improvement over Simple Random Sampling in that the sample is spread more evenly over the entire population. Shortcomings of the Systematic Random Sampling The real dangerous of the sampling is the possible presence of hidden periodicity (sequential pattern, i.e. the case in e.g.3).

15.1.3 Stratified Random Sampling To use stratified random sampling, the population is divided into numbers of non-overlapping homogeneous groups, called Strata. Elements with similar characteristics are grouped together, called homogeneous group. Then either proportional sample or non-proportional sample can be used. Proportional Sample Proportional sample requires that the number of items selected from each stratum be in the same proportion as in the population. After the number of elements selected is specified, the numbers of element to be selected from each stratum are corresponding to the proportion of that stratum in the population as a whole. e.g. 4 A Stratified Sample of size n = 60 is to be taken from a population of size N = 4000, which consists of three strata of size N1 = 2000, N2 = 1200 and


N3 = 800. If the allocation is to be proportional, how large a sample must be taken from each stratum? Solution: Proportional Sample n1 = 60 x 2000/4000 = 30 n2 = 60 x 1200/4000 = 18 n3 = 60 x 800/4000 = 12 Samples of size n1, n2 and n3 are selected from each stratum respectively. Non-proportional Sample Equal numbers of elements are selected from each stratum, and give weight to the results according to the stratum's proportion of the whole population. With either approach, Stratified Sampling guarantees that every element in the population has a chance of being selected. Non-proportional Sample is formed when an equal number of samples, 20, from each stratum. Advantages of the Stratified Random Sampling Stratified random sampling is used to get rid of bias in sampling. Suppose we are going to study the income level of Hong Kong population. If Simple random sampling is used, there is a chance (even it is little) that all the collected samples are aged below 20 or over 60, and the result will be biased, since most of them are still studying or retired. Stratified random sampling is useful in this case, we can divide the population into numbers of strata in terms of their age, and sample from each stratum. It makes sure that different ages of people are included in the sample. Stratified random sampling is appropriate when the population is already divided into groups of different sizes. For example, suppose that the patients of a physician are divided into four groups according to age, as shown below, and the physician wants to find out how many hours his patients sleep, stratified random sampling would be used. Composition of patients by age

Age Group Percentage of Total Birth - 19 years 30% 20 - 39 years 40% 40-59 years 20% 60 years and older 10%

If the strata are properly designed, they are more accurate in reflecting the characteristics of the population from which they are chosen than other kind of sampling methods.

15.1.4 Cluster Random Sampling In cluster random sampling, the total area of interest (population) is divided


into numbers of small, non-overlapping blocks (or clusters), a number of these blocks (clusters) are then randomly selected for inclusion in the overall sample. We assume that these individual blocks are representative of the population as whole. If the clusters are geographic subdivisions, this kind of sampling is called Area Sampling. e.g. 5 Suppose a market research team is attempting to determine by sampling the average number of television sets per household in a large city, they would use a city map to divide the whole city into blocks (or clusters), and then choose a certain number of blocks (clusters) for interviewing. e.g. 6 Suppose that the management of a large Chain Store organisation wants to interview a sample of its employees to determine their attitudes toward a proposed plan. If random methods are used to select, say, five stores from the list, and some or all employees of these five stores are interviewed, the resulting sample is a cluster random sample. Advantages and Shortcomings of the Cluster Random Sampling Although Cluster Sampling are usually not as reliable as estimates based on Simple Random Sampling of the same size, they are usually more reliable per unit cost (cheaper to visit and interview employees working close together in clusters).

15.2 Data Collection and Sources

There are two types of data which may be collected during the process of a research. Those are Primary and Secondary Data. They will be explained in the following. Primary and Secondary Data Primary Data: Data that are used for the specified purpose for which they are

collected. They will contain no unknown quantities in respect of method of collection, accuracy of measurements or which members of the population were investigated. Sources of primary data are either censuses or samples.

Secondary Data: Data that are being used for some purpose other than that for

which they were originally collected. Summaries and analysis of such data are sometimes referred to as secondary statistics.

Methods of primary data collection We now try to answer the first question by outlining the various methods of data collection. In some cases it may be necessary to use a combination of data collection methods. The following are various methods used to collect data. 15.2.1 Direct Observation

The scope of direct observation is limited. However, it is to observe a


phenomenon with your own eyes. This method is concerned with what people do rather than why they do it. Observation can provide accurate data, free of biases introduced by interviewers. This method is particularly useful in continuously collecting data about routine consumer behaviour. e.g.1 Suppose you wish to know what items a housewife had taken from a shelf and considered purchasing, but not actually purchased in a supermarket. e.g.2 Suppose that a local authority was interested in how many people used a particular road, it could have people to observe the number of cars passing a definite spot. Advantages:

1. the actual actions or habits of person are observed.

2. the method is applicable when it is undesirable for people to know an experiment is taking place since their actions would change and the experiment would be spoiled.

3. observation provides one of the most reliable methods of data collection especially under the circumstances where other methods may not be feasible.

Disadvantages:

1. result of observation depend on the skill of the observer;

2. opinions and attitudes cannot be obtained by observation;

3. forms of behaviour such as the frequency of a person's purchase, church going, smoking and crossing roads cannot be obtained by 'one-time' observation, but by a continuous and lengthy period of observation;

4. it would be expensive to tie up personnel in such tasks. A balance may have to be drawn between the accuracy of the method and the cost of a less accurate but cheaper alternative.

15.2.2 Interview A very similar technique to the method of direct observation. In this case, the people have to be interviewed. Personal Interview: Advantages:

1. It discovers not only what people are, do or think, but also why may be so. This method generates very rich data sources, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

2. It normally achieves a high response rate because people usually respond when confronted in person. It would be appropriate where we were


engaged in any form of attitude study, such as the attitude of customers towards the services they obtained from bank cashiers.

3. Well-trained interviewers may assess the person being interviewed in terms of age and social class, and even sometimes assess the accuracy of the information given. Moreover, help may be given to those respondents who are unable to understand the questions.

Disadvantages:

1. It is probably the most expensive data collecting methods.

2. Interviewers must also be well trained: it is of serious concern if an interviewer deviates from required protocol and introduces bias in results.

3. People may not like to give embarrassing information in a face-to-face interview.

4. Some types of people are more difficult to locate and interview than others, e.g. travellers.

Telephone Interview: Advantages:

1. A great advantage of telephone interviews is their speed and relative economy compared with personal interview.

2. In recent years, the method of computer-assisted telephone interviewing is becoming popular among Hong Kong's large research companies. This trend definitely increases data input accuracy and saves on labour costs.

Disadvantages:

1. Asking questions by telephone is not usually a good method, because refusing to answer questions is easier than in a face-to-face situation.

2. Time may be wasted in phoning people who are not at home. Conclusions: Several people can product the interviews and provided they are all working to the basic structure, the answers could the be aggregated. The quality of data collected using personal and telephone interviews depends on individuals who are willing and able to verbalise their behaviour or attitudes. In certain circumstances people may not do this, it is not because they are unwilling to do so, but simply because they do not record the data required, and are therefore unable to report it.

15.2.3 Questionnaires One of the most common methods for generating raw data is the questionnaire. A form of questions is designed and sent to people for their completion. The respondents complete the forms and return them. Advantages:

1. The advantages of using questionnaire are the speed and the cost. The


questionnaires can be sent around the country or indeed the world very quickly, and in low cost.

2. There is no interviewer bias.

3. The respondent has enough time to consult any necessary information. Disadvantages:

1. The design of questionnaires requires great care. They differ from personal or telephone interviews, where respondents have a chance to clarify questions. A poorly designed questionnaire can cause administrative problems and incorrect deductions during statistical analysis of data. The accuracy of a questionnaire design may be checked in pilot studies.

2. The drawback is the poor response rate. A very low percentage of questionnaires are ever returned, and many of the returned questionnaires are very often incomplete or wrongly completed forms. A respond rate of 20% is considered quite good in the average survey.

3. Spontaneous answers cannot be collected.

4. The "wrong" person may complete the questionnaire. Questionnaire is still a very popular method of generating data, and the advantages probably outweigh the disadvantages. Pointers for developing questionnaires 1. Make the Questionnaire Brief

The questionnaire should be as brief as possible. Nobody likes to be faced with a ten-page questionnaire probing every single aspect of the service offered by branch offices. The respond rate is low enough without giving a further disincentive.

2. Use Plain and Simple Language A complicated form may well conceal the real point of the questionnaires. There is a mistaken idea that, in the design of questionnaires, one has to use extremely complicated language. It is not necessary to use four or five words when one would suffice.

3. Avoid Ambiguity The respondent must be in no doubt as to what a question means. A question such as " Have you ever been involved in an accident in the past?", is open to a number of different interpretations. The definition of accident is not given and so to how far back the respondent will be unsure as to whether it is intended to embrace thefts, fires, accidents, or windscreen breakage.

4. Avoid Leading Questions It is unwise to lead the respondent to provide a certain response to a question you have posed.


This would occur where, you frame a question such as, " Responsible jewellers always use the machine guards, do you use guards?". This would therefore reflect the respondent's perception of what you think is right, rather than what he really does.

5. Avoid Personal Questions It is always wise to avoid the use of personal questions unless they are absolutely necessary. Most people need very little excuse for not completing a questionnaire and if you were to ask a question that they considered too personal, this might be enough for them to reject the entire form.

6. Appropriate Coding of Answer The questions should always be designed with the eventual analysis in mind. Most questionnaires will be analysed by computer and the questions will have to reflect this. Computers operate best in term of numbers, or check boxes. e.g. 3 Your Living District : ________ {1 : HK Island, 2 : Kowloon, 3 : N.T., 4 : other} The respondents would be presented with a number of options, leaving him to select the one that matches his circumstance. The final analysis would be carried out by the computer. Not only is the analysis of the responses to this particular question made simple, it is also possible to carry out other forms of analysis. For example, we could ask the computer to select the people who are living in HK Island, and then the computer provides other information of these people. All of this would be possible by the coding of answers. Apart from this, an additional advantage of ticking boxes is that people find it easier to do than to make up words and sentences.

Important Points to Note: Whatever survey method you intend to use, some guidelines are useful for you to gather the data: 1. Decide your objectives, your target interviewee and questions.

Remember that you may not have the second chance to meet the interviewee again and ask him the questions you have missed.

2. For statistical purpose, try to use closed-ended answers or multiple

choice. For example, if you want to know the age of the respondent, give them the choices: {1 : 0-19, 2 : 20-39, 3 : 40-59, 4 :60-79, 5 :80--99}

3. Try to collect personal data at the end of your questionnaire. People are sensitive to give you their personal particulars, if you ask them their personal information at the beginning of the interview (or questionnaire),


they will be reluctant to do the whole survey.

4. Use the sentence " All information is for statistical purpose only. The information you have given will be kept confidentially ... etc." to explain your purpose. (of course, you really have to keep others' personal data confidential)

5. People are lazy to think and write, you have to find out all answers as possible (or the most common ones), set them out, and give some space, at the end, for them to fill in answers that are not listed. e.g. 4 What is the brand of your TV?

Hitachi ٱ Toshiba ٱ Sony ٱ Sharp ٱ Panasonic ٱ B&O ٱ Shinco ٱ Sanyoٱ JVC ٱ Philips ٱ .___________ Others (please specify) ٱ

6. Remember to show your identify before you talk to your target

interviewees. (your student ID, your staff ID card, or etc)

7. Try to limit your questionnaire in one page; two pages max.

15.3 Data Analysis

After the quantitative data has been collected, it should be summarized and presented in tables, charts, graphs and other diagrammatic forms, which enable patterns and relationships to be discerned which are not apparent in the raw data. Furthermore, it is important to apply the statistical skills to analyze the data. It would be necessary to understand the difference between various types of data that may be produced in the course of research. Furthermore, we should know the methods of analysis that can be applied when examining variables and relationships between them. Students may refer to the materials of their earlier study in the module of Business Information Analysis (or previously named Financial Information Analysis) for fundamental statistical techniques. Furthermore, for further study of statistical techniques, it is recommended to read the book, Business Research Methods (written by Alan Bryman and Emma Bell, Oxford University Press @ 2003). . This book is an e-Book which you can read through the IVE library website via the following link: http://library.books24x7.com.vtclib9.vtc.edu.hk:2048/toc.asp?site=YTPIQ&bookid=12878 You may click Chapter 11: Quantitative Data Analysis which well illustrates the use of statistical techniques in data analysis. (If you fail to go the e-Book via the above link, please go to the IVE library website http://library.vtc.edu.hk/lib_main.htm It is very easy to search for the book through


normal library catalogue.) The book uses examples to clearly illustrate how to analyze the data collected. Especially, the following three types of methods will be used • methods for analysing a single variable at a time (univariate analysis); • methods for analysing relationships between variables (bivariate analysis); • the analysis of relationships between three variables (multivariate analysis). Students are encouraged to read the book and discuss with your project supervisors for any questions via email, telephone or face-to-face discussions during the meeting session.


16. ASSESSMENTS Assessment of the proposal or the final report is undertaken by the project supervisor and a second assessor. If the assessments indicate a significant disparity, they may be reviewed by a moderator. The assessment strategy involves assessing both the product (measuring the quantity and quality of work) and the process (evaluating teamwork skills and interaction). 16.1 Proposal

The written proposal assessment is based on the following items. Individual students will be assessed continuously.

Project Proposal

Max. score

Group Score

Part 1 : Group

Written Proposal 1. Research aim and objectives set within prescribed

scope of project 2. Readings on the topic has been adequate and

information collected are relevant for the topic 3. Concepts are accurately identified with clear

understanding 4. The rationale for the project scope is realistic &

explained well 5. Well-designed, well-argued, sequential & appropriate

procedure to solve problems and/or analyse issues 6. Methodologies chosen are appropriate. 7. Clarity in expression and free of grammar mistakes 8. Ideas are expressed clearly & concisely in the right

choice of words & tone 9. Evidence of proofreading & attention to writing 10. Extent to which the disciplines and skills of the

course are captured and applied

10

10

10

10

10

10 10 10

10 10

Sub-total 1a 100 Sub-total 1b: (20% of group score) 20

Part 2: Continuous Assessment Score of each student

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Consistently report to supervisor the progress of their

specific project area during scheduled meeting. 40

2. Ability to respond to questions of supervisor / team members of their specific project area

60

Sub-total 2a 100 Sub-total 2b: (10% of individual score) 10 Total (1b + 2b) 30


16.2 Report The final report should be submitted in the prescribed format (See Section 7). The report assessment is based on the below qualities. Individual students will be assessed continuously:

Project Report Max.

Score Group

Part 1: Group

1. Conformity with the proposal with deviation from proposal justified & explained

2. Research objectives achieved 3. Abstract: ability to write a brief summary of the

project 4. Introduction: description of the problem, its

background & significance 5. Introduction: Evidence of relevant readings 6. Methodology: Proper collection and appropriate

anlaysis of primary data & secondary data 7. Accuracy of information and logical presentation 8. Depth of understanding of topic & the problem(s)

being studied 9. The conclusions and/or recommendations are able to

answer the questions posted in the project and in agreement with the findings

10. Clear of thought and logical presentation 11. Clarity in expression and free of grammar mistakes 12. Ability to present the report in a professional manner

with appropriate format & style 13. Adequacy & quality of graphs, illustrations &

attachments in the appendices 14. Overall format of the report

10 5 10 5 5 10 5 10

10 5 5 5 5

10

Sub-total 3a 100 Sub-total 3b: (40% of group marks) 40

Part 2: Continuous Assessment Score of each student

1 2 3 4 5 6 1. With satisfactory progress and report to supervisor

during scheduled meetings 2. Active discussion with supervisor / team members

during scheduled meetings

40

60

Sub-total 4a 100 Sub-total 4b: (10% of individual score) 10

Total (3b+4b) 50


16.3 Oral Presentation The oral presentation to a panel consisting of the PS and the SA will be limited to 20 minutes. There will be a period of 10 minutes for questions from the panel after the presentation. Students will be assessed individually as per the below qualities:

Max. Score

Score of each student

1 2 3 4 5 6 A. Plan, Agenda & Structure 10 Presence of a structure with a beginning, middle & end.

Logical sequence of information. Evidence of preparation & rehearsal.

B Content 30 Quality of script & depth of coverage of the topic. Degree of accuracy, completeness, conciseness, & spelling/grammatical errors.

C. Audience Contact 10 Ability to generate interest from the audience about the topic & hold attention throughout. Ability to establish & maintain eye contact with the audience without referring to notes.

D. Effectiveness of Visual Aid 10 Ability to help explain & reinforce screen text & presentation. Variety & quality of visual aids used.

E. Speed, Pitch, Vocabulary, Volume 10 Ability to speak clearly, audibly, & at the right speed confidently.

F. Q & A Session 25 Ability to answer questions accurately

G. Time Limit 5 Presentation is completed on time.

Sub-total 5 100 Sub-total 5: (20% of individual score)

16.4 Assessment Process

The following table provides information on the assessment:

The PS, SA and PCO will produce a final internal set of marks for endorsement from both the Internal and External Board of Examination. The External Examiner inspects a sample of student projects to assure quality of marking.

Marked by or feedback from

Endorsed & moderated by

Draft proposal PS -

Proposal PS & SA PMT

Draft report PS -

Final Report & presentation PS & SA PMT


16.5 Assessment Summary The following table provides information on the assessment:

Assessment Summary Description % Written proposal 20 Continuous Assessment 20

Report 40 Oral presentation 20

Total 100

Student Project Guide (BA124009) 30

APPENDICES


Appendix I

PROJECT TITLE PAGE (SAMPLE)

A Study on the Possibility of Legislating Light Pollution

in Hong Kong

by

CHAN Tai-man

CHAU Siu Lin, Jocelyn

KWAN Wing Ho

WONG KAM-loi, Richie

YEUNG Kong Ho, Sunny

(Course/Class: BA124009/2X Group No. __ )

Project Supervisor: XXXXXXXXXX

Higher Diploma Project Report

Presented to

The Department of Business Administration

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for Higher Diploma in

LAW AND ADMINISTRATION

HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION (TUEN M UN)

20XX


Appendix II

ABSTRACT (SAMPLE)

Light pollution is not a hot topic in the 20th Century yet with the rapid economic growth in

Hong Kong, more and more Hong Kong people are aware of environmental protection and

quality of life. Hong Kong has pollution problems on noise, air yet no ordinance is instituted

to control the light problems. This project aims to study the possibility of legislating light

pollution in Hong Kong.

Primary data was collected by means of street survey and individual interview and secondary

data by studying overseas Ordinances relating to Light Control. The street survey was divided

into two groups: residents and merchants. This helps to obtain the feedback from the affected

parties direct. We also invited Legislative Councillor, the Hon. Mr. Yip Kwok Him to give

his opinion.

Research shows that the effect of light pollution is not well recognized amongst the residents

even though they support legislating such control. Most of the merchants we interviewed

support the legislation of light control yet they want the government to give them chance to

negotiate and fine-tune the timing and details if the ordinance comes into existence. We

recommend that more consultations should be done among the general public and education

should be provided to them as well. The need to promote quality of life and well-being should

be the target of promotion.


Appendix III

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (SAMPLE)

This project would not have been completed if we had not received support from some parties.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to AAA Ltd., BBB Corporation (Asia), and the

Hon. Mr. Yip Kwok Him, Legislative Councillor for their kindness in providing time and real

data for us. Moreover, we thank them for permitting interviews with their senior management

staff.

We are most grateful to our Supervisor, Mr./Ms. XXX for his/her valuable assistance and his/her

patience in providing guidance. We also thank our second assessor, Mr. XXX for providing

guidance to our work. Thanks are also due to those who commented on our work.

N.B.: This acknowledgment is intended to serve as an example, students should vary the contents

according to their own circumstances.


Appendix IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Sample)

Page

ABSTRACT................................................................................................ .................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................. .................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................. .................. v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS......................................................................... ................. vii LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................ ................... vii LIST OF APPENDICES.............................................................................. .................. viii CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ ............. 1 1.1 Background of Light Pollution ............................................. .............. 1 1.1.1 Hong Kong .......................................................... ........................... 2 1.1.2 Overseas ..................................................... .................................... 3 1.2 Aim and objectives .................................................... .......................... 5 2. Data of Light Pollution .................................................................................10 . 3. Methodology 3.1 Street survey ………………………………………………….…….. 20 3.2 Individual interview ………………………………………………... 30 3.3 On-line survey ……………………………………………….…….... 40 4. Findings and Analysis 4.1 ………………………………………………………………………… 41 5. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... 45 6. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 46

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES N.B.: This ‘table of contents’ is intended to serve as an example; students may vary the contents

according to their own circumstances.


APPENDIX V

LIST OF CHARTS (Sample)

CHARTS Page

1. Distribution of interviewed residents ................................................. 4

2. Effect by Light pollution ........................................................... ..................... 7

3. Level of Light pollution in your residence ........................................................ 10

4. Multiple Correlation Coefficients of Probability Functions ............................. 25


Appendix VI

BIBLIOGRAPHY (SAMPLE)

1. Bell, G., Blackledge, D. A. and Bowen, P., The Economics and Planning of Transport,

London: Heinemann, 1983.

2. FLAGan, Richard C. and Seinfeld, John H, Fundamentals of air pollution engineering.

Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1988

3. Cheung, Chi Fai, “Light pollution in Hong Kong 'worst on the planet'” (March 20, 2013)

News on Hong Kong Environment, South China Morning Post (2013)

http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1194996/light-pollution-hong-kong-

worst-planet?page=all (October 26, 2014)

4. Schwartz, Hugo E “Light Pollution: The Global View”, Kluwer Academic Publishers

(2003) http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=3Gf2e-

urDvUC&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=light+pollution+the+global+view&source=bl

&ots=IEUq2wt9Hm&sig=uATSXqsWO6yXJLIsThd9ehCd1sM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kl

f9U6DuG4S48gWmmoLgBw&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=light%20pollut

ion%20the%20global%20view&f=false

(November 2, 2014)


STANDARD FORMS


FORM # 1

PROJECT TEAM MEMBER IDENTIFICATION

(To be handed in to PCO)

BA124009 Class: Assigned Group Number: _______

Photo Project Team Member 1 (Team Leader)

Project Name:

Team Student No.:

Member 1 Contact No.:

Photo Project Team Member 2 (Deputy Team Leader)

Project Name:

Team Student No.:


Photo Project Team Member 3

Project Name:

Team Student No.:



Project Name:

Team Student No.:



Project Name:

Team Student No.:



Project Name:

Team Student No.:


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Official Use

Signed by the PCO: _____________________ Date: __________________


FORM # 2

HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

INITIAL PROJECT PROPOSAL (To be handed in to PCO)

Legal Project Business Project ( where appropriate)

Student Name: Student Number

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Proposed

Project Title:

Aim

and

Objectives:

Methodology:

Agreed and Signed by PS: _____________ Date:____________________

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

Official Use

Signed by the PCO: ________________ Date:___ ____________________


FORM # 3

MONTHLY REPORT ON PROJECT ACTIVITIES Project Team: 2017 – BA124009 Group No. _______

Monthly submission: Oct / Nov / Dec / Jan / Feb / Mar

Project Title: ________________________________________________________

This Report relates your activities and progress to your project objectives as set out in your

project proposal. Team members should record the work done on a monthly basis. The content

of this logbook should be descriptive and detailed. Please use extra sheet(s) when necessary.

Student Name

Describe your project

workload & contribution * Signature

Member #1

Member #2

Member #3

Member #4

Member #5

Member #6

* Your contribution in terms of project planning, background reading, research, compiling research,

report writing, etc.


FORM # 4

EVALUATION FOR SELF & TEAM MEMBERS (Adapted from www-geology.ucdavies.edu/~hnr094_PeerEval.html)

Your Name: ________________ Project Team: 2017 – BA124009 Group No. ____

MONTHLY SUBMISSION: OCT / NOV / DEC / JAN / FEB / MAR

PROJECT TITLE: ____________________________________________________

EACH PROJECT TEAM MEMBER MUST COMPLETE A SEPARATE COPY OF THIS EVALUATION FORM.

NOTE: THERE IS NO NEED TO CONSULT OTHER PROJECT TEAM MEMBERS ON

THE COMPLETION AND RETURN OF THIS FORM!

EACH COMPLETED FORM SHOULD BE RETURNED TO YOUR PS IN A SEALED ENVELOPE THROUGH THE GENERAL OFFICE. ANY FORM THAT IS NOT SUBMITTED THIS WAY WILL BE CONSIDERED AS INVALID.

FOR EACH OF THE 6 CRITERIA (I TO VI), PLEASE RANK THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF YOURSELF FIRST AND THEN YOUR TEAM MEMBERS ON A SCALE OF 1 (LOW) TO 5 (HIGH) ACCORDING TO THE GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION ON THE NEXT PAGE:

NOTE: IF YOU GIVE A PROJECT TEAM MEMBER A SCORE ABOVE 4 OR BELOW

2, YOU MUST INCLUDE A COMMENT TO JUSTIFY THIS SCORE.

I II III IV V VI Name (Surname first) Share of

Tasks

Contributions to

the Team

Team

Spirit

Dependability Project

Presentation

Overall

Evaluation

Self

Member 2

Member 3

Member 4

Member 5

Member 6

Comments: (if any)


FORM # 4 (CONT’D)

Criteria Guidelines for Evaluation

I Share of

Team Tasks

1 Did little work.

2 Did less work than average.

3 Did fair share of work.

4 Did somewhat more work than average.

5 Took on a much larger share of teamwork than average.

II Contributions to

the Team

1 Made little contribution to team discussion, organization, & decisions. 2 Occasional contribution to team discussion, organization, & decisions. 3 Made valuable contribution to team discussion, organization, & decisions.

4 Contributions were a major portion of the team discussion, organization & decisions.

5 Contributed far beyond average to the team discussion, organization, & decisions.

III Team Spirit

1 Removed from commitment to the team effort, or overbearing & inconsiderate of team members.

2

Contributed to the team effort, but not committed to team building; sometimes impatient, disrespectful, or inconsiderate of team members.

3 Respected team members, considerate, cooperative.

4 Better than most in being helpful, respectful, & considerate of other team members.

5 Exceptionally helpful, respectful, & considerate of other team members.

IV Dependability

1 Unreliable; skipped many meetings or arrived late; generally poorly prepared.

2 Dependability unpredictable; sometimes skipped team meetings or arrived late; not always well prepared.

3 Dependable; attend most team meetings; generally punctual & well prepared. 4 Better than most in dependability, punctuality, & preparedness. 5 Exceptionally dependable; always attend team meetings on time; fully prepared.

V

Project Presentation

& Discussion

1 Little if any participation in the project presentation & discussion.

2 Contributed less than average to the project presentation & discussion.

3 Contributed fair share to the project presentation & discussion.

4 Contributed more than most to the project presentation & discussion.

5 Exceptional valuable contribution to the team success in planning & presenting the project & a major contributor to successful discussion.

VI Overall Evaluation

1 Poor.

2 Fair.

3 Good.

4 Very Good.

5 Outstanding.


FORM # 5

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

Department of Business Administration

Cover Sheet for Submission of Project Work

Project Team: 2017 - BA124009 Group No. _______

Project Title:

Supervisor:

This Cover Sheet is to be attached to the front of each submission of project work.

Student Name List the task(s) you have been responsible for in this submission* Signature

Member #1

Member #2

Member #3

Member #4

Member #5

Member #6

* This will help your PS to assess the quantity and quality of individual work done in a team.


FORM # 6

Department Copy

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education Department of Business Administration

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT OF SUBMISSION VIA G.O.

Project Team: 2017 – BA124009 Group No. _______

Supervisor:

This is to acknowledge the receipt of your:

Research Proposal Final Research Report CD ( where appropriate)

to the BA Department on (date): _________________ at (time): __________.

N.B.: This acknowledgment is NOT valid without the department chop across the

proliferation line.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Student Copy

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education Department of Business Administration

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT OF SUBMISSION VIA G.O.

Project Team: 2017 – BA124009 Group No. _______

Supervisor:

This is to acknowledge the receipt of your:

Research Proposal Final Research Report CD ( where appropriate)

to the BA Department on (date): _________________ at (time): _____________.

guide on final year project full time course

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