guia switch v3

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0 @ 2013 1 Topología ............................................................................................................... .................... 2  DTP ............................................................................................................................................. 3  Trunks ........................................................................................................................................ 8  Creación y Administración de VLANs....................................................................................... 14  Asignación VLANs TRUNK ........................................................................................................18  VTP I .........................................................................................................................................22  VTP II Problema con el número Configuration Revision en VTP .............................................26 Private VLANs único Switch ........................... .......................................................................... 37  Private-VLANs pruebas de conectividad.................................................................................. 41  Port Protected ......................................................................................................................... 43  EtherChannel I PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) ................................................................... 47 EtherChannel II sin negociación .............................................................................................. 51  EtherChannel III modo Desirable .............................................................................................55  EtherChannel III Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP ......................................................58 EtherChannel IV Load-Shared .................................................................................................. 61  EtherChannel V Prioridad LACP ...............................................................................................63  EtherChannel Layer 3 ............................................................................................................... 67  STP Comportamiento por defecto ...........................................................................................71  STP Configuración....................................... .............................................................................79  STP BPDU Guard ...................................................................................................................... 89  FLEX Link ..................................................................................................................................90  MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree MST 802.1s..............................................................................95  InterVLAN Routing utilizando SW L3 .....................................................................................105  InterVLAN Routing entre switches L2/L3............................................................................... 110  IP DHCP ..................................................................................................................................117  InterVLAN Routing con HSRP en Switchs L3 ..........................................................................121 HSRP utilizando Routers ........................................................................................................134  HSRP Balanceo .......................................................................................................................146  VRRP utilizando Routers ........................................................................................................153  Seguridad L2 ................................................................................. 160  Overflow Attack .....................................................................................................................160 CDP Attack .............................................................................................................................170  STP Root Guard ...................................................................................................................... 172  STP PortFast ...........................................................................................................................174  STP BPDU Filter ...................................................................................................................... 175  VLANs ACLs v/s Seguridad en sesiones Telnet ................................... ...................................179  SSH ......................................................................................................................................... 184  SPAN ...................................................................................................................................... 185  Remote SPAN (RSPAN) ..........................................................................................................190  Syslog ..................................................................................................................................... 192  Port-Security utilizando MACROs ..........................................................................................195 Blocking UNICAST/MULTICA ST ..............................................................................................196 Filtro MAC ..............................................................................................................................197  VACLs ..................................................................................................................................... 198  DHCP Snooping ......................................................................................................................201  ARP Spoofing (Poisoning). .....................................................................................................205  

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Page 1: Guia Switch v3

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

@ 20131

Topología ................................................................................................................................... 2 

DTP ............................................................................................................................................. 3 

Trunks ........................................................................................................................................ 8 

Creación y Administración de VLANs....................................................................................... 14 

Asignación VLANs TRUNK ........................................................................................................ 18 

VTP I ......................................................................................................................................... 22 VTP II Problema con el número Configuration Revision en VTP ............................................. 26 

Private VLANs único Switch ..................................................................................................... 37 

Private-VLANs pruebas de conectividad.................................................................................. 41 

Port Protected ......................................................................................................................... 43 

EtherChannel I PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) ................................................................... 47 

EtherChannel II sin negociación .............................................................................................. 51 

EtherChannel III modo Desirable ............................................................................................. 55 

EtherChannel III Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP ...................................................... 58 

EtherChannel IV Load-Shared .................................................................................................. 61 

EtherChannel V Prioridad LACP ............................................................................................... 63 

EtherChannel Layer 3 ............................................................................................................... 67 

STP Comportamiento por defecto ........................................................................................... 71 

STP Configuración. ................................................................................................................... 79 

STP BPDU Guard ...................................................................................................................... 89 

FLEX Link .................................................................................................................................. 90 

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree MST 802.1s .............................................................................. 95 

InterVLAN Routing utilizando SW L3 ..................................................................................... 105 

InterVLAN Routing entre switches L2/L3............................................................................... 110 

IP DHCP .................................................................................................................................. 117 

InterVLAN Routing con HSRP en Switchs L3 .......................................................................... 121 

HSRP utilizando Routers ........................................................................................................ 134 

HSRP Balanceo ....................................................................................................................... 146 

VRRP utilizando Routers ........................................................................................................ 153 

Seguridad L2 ................................................................................. 160 

Overflow Attack ..................................................................................................................... 160 

CDP Attack ............................................................................................................................. 170 

STP Root Guard ...................................................................................................................... 172 

STP PortFast ........................................................................................................................... 174 

STP BPDU Filter ...................................................................................................................... 175 

VLANs ACLs v/s Seguridad en sesiones Telnet ...................................................................... 179 

SSH ......................................................................................................................................... 184 

SPAN ...................................................................................................................................... 185 

Remote SPAN (RSPAN) .......................................................................................................... 190 

Syslog ..................................................................................................................................... 192 

Port-Security utilizando MACROs .......................................................................................... 195 

Blocking UNICAST/MULTICAST .............................................................................................. 196 

Filtro MAC .............................................................................................................................. 197 

VACLs ..................................................................................................................................... 198 

DHCP Snooping ...................................................................................................................... 201 

ARP Spoofing (Poisoning). ..................................................................................................... 205 

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

@ 20132

Topología

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DTPPermite la negociación de un trunk. Las posibles opciones según el modo de puerto configurado son:

Dynamic

Auto

Dynamic

DesirableTrunk Access

Dynamic

AutoAccess Trunk Trunk Access

Dynamic

DesirableTrunk Trunk Trunk Access

Trunk Trunk Trunk TrunkConectividad

Limitada

Access Access AccessConectividad

LimitadaAccess

Recordemos que los modos posibles modos de un puerto son:

Access: Puerto de usuario asociado a una VLAN.

Trunk: Deja el puerto en permanente trunk y negocia el estado del mismo.

Non-Negotiate: Desactiva DTP.Dynamic-Desirable: El puerto intenta activamente convertir el enlace en trunk al otro extremo del enlace. Si vemos

la tabla anterior podremos notar que se formará un trunk si el otro extremo del enlace es dynamic-auto, dynamic-

desirable o trunk.

Dynamic Auto (modo por defecto): Modo pasivo, el puerto solo formará trunk si el otro extremo del enlace es ,

dynamic-desirable o trunk.

Configure ISL trunk entre DLS1 y DLS2 cumpliendo las siguientes políticas:

  DLS1 FastEthernet0/6 en modo trunk permanente intentando negociación constante con el extremo

FastEthernet0/6 de DLS2.

  DLS2 FastEthernet0/6 modo dynamic auto.

Bajo este escenario no es necesario configurar la interface f0/6 de DSL2 puesto que por defecto tiene el mododynamic auto.

Antes de la configuración comprobamos el modo del puerto en DLS1.

  Al final del laboratorio explique:

-  Ventajas de ISL.

Estructura de ISL, (cada uno de sus campos y utilidad)

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto Operational Mode: static access

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native

Negotiation of Trunking: On

DLS1#show interfaces trunk

No se ha formado el trunk

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation islswitchport mode trunk

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DLS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Negotiation of Trunking: On

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Voice VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan host-association: none

Administrative private-vlan mapping: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q

Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk associations: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk mappings: none

Operational private-vlan: noneTrunking VLANs Enabled: ALL

Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001

Capture Mode Disabled

Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL

Protected: false

Unknown unicast blocked: disabled

Unknown multicast blocked: disabled

Appliance trust: none

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 auto n-isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1

n-isl= uso de DTP.

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

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Configure ISL trunk entre DLS1 y DLS2 cumpliendo las siguientes políticas:

  DLS1 FastEthernet0/7 debe negociar activamente la formación del trunk con extremo del enlace. El puerto

FastEthernet0/7 de DLS2 debe estar en modo pasivo en espera de formar el trunk.

Nota. Como en la caso anterior verifique el modo del puerto.

  Al final del laboratorio indique:

Ventajas y desventajas de DTP. ¿Que recomienda Cisco respecto a DTP?

Al utilizar el comando "sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/7 switchport" indique el significado de

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate 

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/7 switchport

Name: Fa0/7

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto

Operational Mode: static access

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native

Negotiation of Trunking: On

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/7

switchport mode dynamic desirable

DLS1#

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/7, changed state to up

DLS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/7 switchportName: Fa0/7

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic desirable 

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Negotiation of Trunking: On

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/7 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/7 desirable n-isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/7 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/7 none

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DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 auto n-isl trunking 1

Fa0/7 auto n-isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1

Fa0/7 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1

Fa0/7 1

  Configure ISL entre DLS1 y DLS2. En DLS1 desactive DTP.

 

En ambos switchs remueva cualquier configuración existente (interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 y fastEthernet

0/7).

  Al final del laboratorio indique:

-  Diferencias entre la encapsulación isl y n-isl que muestra el comando "sh interfaces trunk"

DLSX

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

DLS1#

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/6, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/7, changed state to down

DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

El trunk existente se pierde luego de establecer las interfaces a sus valores por defecto.

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation isl

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

interface FastEthernet0/7

switchport trunk encapsulation isl

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS1#show spanning-tree | include Fa0/6|Fa0/7

Fa0/6 Altn BLK 19 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Altn BLK 19 128.9 P2p

DLS2#show spanning-tree | include Fa0/6|Fa0/7

Fa0/6 Desg FWD 19 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Desg FWD 19 128.9 P2p

Los resultados

puedes ser

diferentes para

STP.

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

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DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on isl trunking 1

Fa0/7 on isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Fa0/7 1-4094Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1

Fa0/7 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 none

Fa0/7 none

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation isl

switchport mode trunkswitchport nonegotiate

interface FastEthernet0/7

switchport trunk encapsulation isl

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on isl trunking 1

Fa0/7 on isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1

Fa0/7 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1Fa0/7 1

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Negotiation of Trunking: Off

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

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DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-5

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlanFa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/5 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/3 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/5 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1Fa0/3 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/5 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 none

Fa0/3 none

Fa0/4 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/5 none

ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 switchportName: Fa0/2

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Negotiation of Trunking: On

ALS1#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 auto 802.1q trunking 1Fa0/3 auto 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/3 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/3 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedFa0/2 1

Fa0/3 1

Como podemos observar, los

switchs L2 2960 (ALS1 y ALS2) en

estado dynamic auto forman el

trunk dinámicamente (DTP)

utilizando 802.1q (no soportan

ISL). Para esta tarea necesitamos

configurar los switchs DLSx.

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

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DLS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-5

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlanFa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/5 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/3 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/5 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1Fa0/3 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/5 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 none

Fa0/3 none

Fa0/4 none

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/5 none

ALS2#show interfaces trunkPort Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 auto 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 auto 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 auto 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/5 auto 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/3 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/5 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/2 1

Fa0/3 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/5 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/3 1

Fa0/4 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/5 1

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

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  ALS1 y ALS2 deben formar trunk utilizando 802.1q. No se permite DTP entre estos Switches.

Nota: el/los puertos deben estar en modo trunk antes de desactivar DTP de otra manera obtendremos la siguiente

advertencia:

Command rejected: Conflict between 'nonegotiate' and 'dynamic' status.

% Range command terminated because it failed on FastEthernet0/2

ALS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

ALS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

ALS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS1#show dtp interface fastEthernet 0/2

DTP information for FastEthernet0/2:

TOS/TAS/TNS: TRUNK/NONEGOTIATE/TRUNK

TOT/TAT/TNT: 802.1Q/802.1Q/802.1Q

Neighbor address 1: E8BA70CBF604

Neighbor address 2: 000000000000Hello timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED

Access timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED

Negotiation timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED

Multidrop timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED

FSM state: S6:TRUNK

ALS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1Fa0/5 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/7 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/3 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/5 1-4094

Fa0/6 1-4094

Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/2 1

Fa0/3 1

Fa0/4 1

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Fa0/5 1

Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/7 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/3 1Fa0/4 1

Fa0/5 1

Fa0/6 1

Fa0/7 1

ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1

ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1qNegotiation of Trunking: Off

  Configure 802.1q entre los switchs L3. Estos switchs deben negociar activamente la formación del trunk.

No modifique los valores por defecto de los puertos de DLS2. 

DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

switchport mode dynamic desirable 

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic desirable

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Negotiation of Trunking: On

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport

Name: Fa0/6Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto

Operational Mode: trunk

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Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl

Negotiation of Trunking: On

DLS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/7 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/7 desirable n-isl trunking 1Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/7 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/7 none

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 auto n-isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunkFa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1

 

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

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Creación y Administración de VLANs

  Cree las siguientes vlans en DLS1 y verifique que se propagan dentro de todo el dominio:

10, 20, 30, 100-105

La VLAN 10 debe ser nativa.

  Considere para VTP los siguientes parámetros:

version 2- 

dominio class

Nota: Compruebe que la version del protocolo VTP sea consistente en todos los switchs.

  Al final del laboratorio explique:

-  Que es la VLAN nativa? Que información puede transportar? Si la VLAN nativa (native vlan) no

coincide en ambos extremos que sucede y que protocolo reconoce este comportamiento?.

Que información entrega la siguiente salida:

DLS1#

%DTP-5-DOMAINMISMATCH: Unable to perform trunk negotiation on port Fa0/7 because of VTP

domain mismatch.

DLS1#

%DTP-5-DOMAINMISMATCH: Unable to perform trunk negotiation on port Fa0/6 because of VTPdomain mismatch.

DLS1

vtp domain class

vtp version 2

vlan 10,20,30,100-105

DLS1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP2Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : class

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xE6 0xC7 0x39 0x8D 0xB9 0x5E 0x5F 0x98

Configuration last modified by 1.1.1.1 at 3-1-93 08:40:28

Local updater ID is 1.1.1.1 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)

DLS2

vtp domain class

vtp version 2

ALS1

vtp domain class

vtp version 2

ALS2

vtp domain classvtp version 2

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DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

30 VLAN0030 active

100 VLAN0100 active

101 VLAN0101 active

102 VLAN0102 active

103 VLAN0103 active

104 VLAN0104 active

105 VLAN0105 active

1000 VLAN1000 active

DLS1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP2

Configuration Revision : 1

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 14

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : class

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0xBE 0xEE 0x27 0xCB 0x4A 0xB7 0xE9 0x5E

Configuration last modified by 1.1.1.1 at 3-1-93 08:46:56

Local updater ID is 1.1.1.1 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)

DLS2#show vl brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

30 VLAN0030 active

100 VLAN0100 active

101 VLAN0101 active

102 VLAN0102 active

103 VLAN0103 active

104 VLAN0104 active

105 VLAN0105 active

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ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

30 VLAN0030 active

100 VLAN0100 active

101 VLAN0101 active

102 VLAN0102 active

103 VLAN0103 active

104 VLAN0104 active

105 VLAN0105 active

ALS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

30 VLAN0030 active100 VLAN0100 active

101 VLAN0101 active

102 VLAN0102 active

103 VLAN0103 active

104 VLAN0104 active

105 VLAN0105 active

Para establecer la VLAN nativa la designamos directamente en la/las interfaces que participan en el trunk. Si el

trunk está correctamente configurado deberíamos poder ver las VLANs creadas por DLS1 en todo el dominio.

ALS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport trunk native vlan 10

DLS1#show spanning-tree inconsistentports

Name Interface Inconsistency

-------------------- ------------------------ ------------------

VLAN0001 FastEthernet0/4 Port VLAN ID Mismatch

VLAN0001 FastEthernet0/5 Port VLAN ID Mismatch

VLAN0010 FastEthernet0/4 Port VLAN ID MismatchVLAN0010 FastEthernet0/5 Port VLAN ID Mismatch

Number of inconsistent ports (segments) in the system : 4

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DLS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport trunk native vlan 10

DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport trunk native vlan 10

ALS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport trunk native vlan 10

%SPANTREE-2-UNBLOCK_CONSIST_PORT: Unblocking FastEthernet0/6 on VLAN0010. Port consistency restored.

%SPANTREE-2-UNBLOCK_CONSIST_PORT: Unblocking FastEthernet0/6 on VLAN0001. Port consistency restored.

DLS1#show spanning-tree inconsistentports

Name Interface Inconsistency

-------------------- ------------------------ ------------------Number of inconsistent ports (segments) in the system : 0

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 switchport | i Native

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 10 (VLAN0010)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

DLS2#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 switchport | i Native

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 10 (VLAN0010)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

ALS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 switchport | i Native

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 10 (VLAN0010)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

ALS2#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 switchport | i Native

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 10 (VLAN0010)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

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Asignación VLANs TRUNK

  En el trunk asigne (permita) VLANs según la siguiente tabla:

Interface Switchs VLANs

FastEthernet 0/6 DLS1↔DLS2  1,10,20,30,100

FastEthernet 0/2 DLS2↔ALS2  1,10,20,30,101

FastEthernet 0/6 ALS1↔ALS2  1,10,20,30,102

FastEthernet 0/2 DLS1↔ALS1 1,10,20,30,103

FastEthernet 0/4 DLS1↔ALS2  1,10,20,30,104

FastEthernet 0/4 DLS2↔ALS1  1,10,20,30,105

  Las interfaces que no participan en el trunk deben ser desactivadas.

Nota: Antes de comenzar el laboratorio es importante conocer que VLANs están asociadas a los trunks utilizando el

comando show interface trunk.

  Al finalizar el laboratorio explique el significado del siguiente log:-  %SW_VLAN-4-VLAN_CREATE_FAIL: Failed to create VLANs 4094: extended VLAN(s) not allowed in current VTP mode

  Cree y agregue en todos los trunks las VLANs 31,32 y 33, y elimine la VLAN 30 del mismo.

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 desirable n-isl trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/6 1,10,20,30,100-105

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 none

DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/7 , fastEthernet 0/5 , fastEthernet 0/3

shutdown

DLS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/7 , fastEthernet 0/5 , fastEthernet 0/3

shutdown

ALS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/7 , fastEthernet 0/5 , fastEthernet 0/3

shutdown

ALS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/7 , fastEthernet 0/5 , fastEthernet 0/3

shutdown

ALS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlanFa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 10

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 10

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 10

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Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,100-105

Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,100-105Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,100-105

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,100-105

Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,100-105

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,100-105

DLS1↔DLS2 

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,100

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,100

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 desirable n-isl trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,100

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/6 1,10,20,30,100

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,100

DLS2↔ALS2 

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,101

ALS2interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,101

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,101

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,101

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedFa0/2 1,10,20,30,101

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ALS1↔ALS2 

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,102

ALS2interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,102

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,102

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,102

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedFa0/6 1,10,20,30,102

DLS1↔ALS1

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,103

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,103

ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,103

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,103

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1,10,20,30,103

DLS1↔ALS2 

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,104

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,104

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/4 trunkPort Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

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Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,104

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,104

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,104

DLS2↔ALS1 

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,105

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,105

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/4 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlanFa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 10

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,105

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/4 1,10,20,30,105

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/4 none

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VTP I

Setup: borre toda la información de configuración y reinicie el/los switches (elimine archivo vlan.dat y de

configuración)

  Configurar trunk 802.1q entre DLS1 y DLS2 a través de la interface fastethernet 0/6.

  Configure VTP en DLS1 y DLS2 usando dominio CLASS entre DLS1 y DLS2, versión 2, modo server, password

cisco.

  En DLS1 cree las VLANs 10 (ENG), 20 (RRHH) y 30 (NATIVA). Permita en el trunk las VLANs recién creadas

más la VLAN 1. La VLAN 30 debe permitir información CDP, VTP, PAgP. Desactive Dynamic Trunk Protocol.

  Al finalizar el laboratorio indique:

-  Que rol VTP permite que se guarde la configuración en el archivo vlan.dat de la flash.

Que plataformas soportan la version VTP 3.

De que manera podemos reestablecer a 0 el número de revisión VTP.

DLS1

vtp version 2

vtp domain CLASS

vtp password cisco

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk native vlan 30

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2

vtp version 2

vtp domain CLASSvtp password cisco

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk native vlan 30

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS1

vlan 10name ENG

vlan 20

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name RRHH

vlan 30

name NATIVA

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlanFa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 30

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30

DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9

Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13

Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17

Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21

Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1

Gi0/2

10 ENG active

20 RRHH active

30 NATIVA active

DLS2#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9

Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13

Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17

Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21

Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1

Gi0/2

10 ENG active20 RRHH active

30 NATIVA active

DLS2#show vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP2

Configuration Revision : 4

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 8

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : CLASS

VTP Pruning Mode : DisabledVTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xD7 0x7F 0x5F 0x97 0x91 0x0A 0x96 0x34

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DLS2#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/6

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 193 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qswitchport trunk native vlan 30

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

end

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 50

DLS2#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/6Building configuration...

Current configuration : 196 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk native vlan 30

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,50 

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9

Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13

Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17

Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21

Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1

Gi0/2

10 ENG active20 RRHH active

30 NATIVA active

50 DATOS active

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VTP II Problema con el número Configuration Revision en VTPVTP puede presentar problemas graves si no se toman ciertas precauciones. El siguiente escenario nos presenta un

problerma habitual que sucede cuando se conecta un switch Catalyst con un número VTP revisión mayor que el

que presenta el server VTP, este nuevo switch sobreescribirá toda la información respecto a las VLANs y su

propagación puesto que un numero mayor se considera información mas actualizada.

  Borre toda la configuración anterior.

  Deshabilite todas las interfaces de todos los switches (nos permite tener mayor control en lo que se refiere

a la seguridad).

  Configurar trunk 802.1q con la siguientes disposición:

DLS1↔ DLS2 (fastethernet 0/6).

-  DLS1↔ ALS1 (fastethernet 0/2).

-  DLS1↔ ALS2 (fastethernet 0/4).

DLS2↔ ALS1 (fastethernet 0/4).

-  DLS2↔ ALS2 (fastethernet 0/2).

-  ALS1↔ ALS2 (fastethernet 0/6).

Habilite las interfaces que participan en el trunk.

  En el trunk permita las VLANs 1, 10-20 excluyendo la VLAN 19. Deshabilite DTP.

DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/1-24

shutdown

DLS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/1-24

shutdown

ALS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/1-24

shutdown

ALS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/1-24

shutdown

ALS2#show interfaces status

Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type

Fa0/1 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/2 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/3 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

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Fa0/4 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/5 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/6 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/7 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/8 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/9 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/10 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTXFa0/11 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/12 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/13 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/14 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/15 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/16 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/17 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/18 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/19 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/20 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/21 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type

Fa0/22 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/23 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/24 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

DLS1↔ DLS2 (fastethernet 0/6) 

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qswitchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

DLS1#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/6

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 158 bytes!

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10-18,20

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

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DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

DLS2#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/6

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 160 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10-18,20switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

end

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1,10-18,20

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1

DLS1↔ ALS1 (fastethernet 0/2) 

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1no shutdown

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DLS1↔ ALS2 (fastethernet 0/4) 

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiateswitchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

DLS2↔ ALS1 (fastethernet 0/4) 

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiateswitchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/4

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/4 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/4 1,10-18,20

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/4 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedFa0/4 1

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DLS2↔ ALS2 (fastethernet 0/2) 

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiateswitchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS1↔ ALS2 (fastethernet 0/6) 

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/6

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-20

switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 19

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1

no shutdown

ALS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10-18,20

Fa0/4 1,10-18,20

Fa0/6 1,10-18,20

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

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Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

DLS1#sh interfaces trunkPort Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10-18,20

Fa0/4 1,10-18,20

Fa0/6 1,10-18,20

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 none

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 none

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10-18,20

Fa0/4 1,10-18,20

Fa0/6 1,10-18,20

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 noneFa0/6 1

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  Configure VTP usando dominio DUOC, versión 2, modo server, password duoc en todos los switchs. Cree la

loopback0 en cada Switch para utilizarlas como ID en sesiones VTP con la siguiente disposición:

DLS1 loopback0 → 10.1.1.1/32 

DLS2 loopback0 → 10.2.2.2/32 

-  ALS1 loopback0 → 10.3.3.3/32 

-  ALS2 loopback0 → 10.4.4.4/32

 

En DLS1 cree las VLANs 10 a 20. Verificar que se han propagado. Recordemos que la VLAN 19 debe estar

excluida en el trunk, pero no localmente en DLS1.

DLS1

vlan 10-120

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

vtp version 2

vtp mode server

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password duoc

vtp interface Loopback0

DLS2

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

vtp version 2

vtp mode server

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password duoc

vtp interface Loopback0

ALS1

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

vtp version 2

vtp mode server

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password duoc

vtp interface Loopback0

ALS2

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.4.4.4 255.255.255.255

vtp version 2

vtp mode server

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password duoc

vtp interface Loopback0

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DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

11 VLAN0011 active

12 VLAN0012 active

13 VLAN0013 active

14 VLAN0014 active

15 VLAN0015 active

16 VLAN0016 active

17 VLAN0017 active

18 VLAN0018 active19 VLAN0019 active

20 VLAN0020 active

ALS2#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

11 VLAN0011 active

12 VLAN0012 active

13 VLAN0013 active

14 VLAN0014 active

15 VLAN0015 active

16 VLAN0016 active

17 VLAN0017 active

18 VLAN0018 active

19 VLAN0019 active20 VLAN0020 active

ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/210 VLAN0010 active

11 VLAN0011 active

12 VLAN0012 active

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13 VLAN0013 active

14 VLAN0014 active

15 VLAN0015 active

16 VLAN0016 active

17 VLAN0017 active

18 VLAN0018 active

19 VLAN0019 active20 VLAN0020 active

999 VLAN0999 active

DLS2#show vl brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

11 VLAN0011 active

12 VLAN0012 active

13 VLAN0013 active

14 VLAN0014 active

15 VLAN0015 active

16 VLAN0016 active

17 VLAN0017 active

18 VLAN0018 active

19 VLAN0019 active20 VLAN0020 active

DLS1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP2

Configuration Revision : 8

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 16

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : DUOC

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : EnabledVTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAE 0xB8 0xA3 0xDF 0x7E 0xA7 0x83 0x5A

Configuration last modified by 10.2.2.2 at 3-1-93 01:49:42

Local updater ID is 10.1.1.1 on interface Lo0 (preferred interface)

Preferred interface name is Loopback0

En número de revisión es el 8, es decir, junto con el 8 se entregó la información más actualizada. Ahora bien,

vamos a suponer que ALS2 aún no se une a la red, pero tiene el mismo nombre de dominio y el número de revisión

8. Puesto que ALS2 está configurado como VTP server (valor por defecto) la información la guarda en el archivo

vlan.dat en la flash.Podemos borrar las vlan 10 a 20 en ALS2 y el número de revisión se incrementará a 9 como podemos ver en el

siguiente ejemplo. Esto producirá información "mas actualizada" para VTP y eliminará de las bases de datos las

VLAN creadas por DLS1.

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ALS2#show vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 8

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 16VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : DUOC

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0xAE 0xB8 0xA3 0xDF 0x7E 0xA7 0x83 0x5A

Configuration last modified by 10.2.2.2 at 3-1-93 01:49:42

Local updater ID is 10.4.4.4 on interface Lo0 (preferred interface)

Preferred interface name is Loopback0

ALS2interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 , fastEthernet 0/6

shutdown

no vlan 10-20

ALS2#show vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 9

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 6

VTP Operating Mode : ServerVTP Domain Name : DUOC

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x75 0x25 0xD6 0x97 0x64 0xEF 0x6F 0x29

Configuration last modified by 10.4.4.4 at 3-1-93 01:57:08

Local updater ID is 10.4.4.4 on interface Lo0 (preferred interface)

Preferred interface name is Loopback0

ALS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gi0/1, Gi0/2

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Levantamos las interfaces y vemos los resultados en los demás switchs. Nos hemos cargado todas las VLAN que

creó DLS1!!!!!!!

ALS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 , fastEthernet 0/6

no shutdown

DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

DLS2#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

ALS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

Como podemos notar, utilizar VTP puede ahorrarnos tiempo de configuración pero debe haber un plan de diseño y

configuración muy depurado de otra manera podríamos dejar una red completa sin conectividad.

  De acuerdo al ejemplo recién explicado, que solución recomendaría para evitar este grave problema

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Private VLANs único Switch

  Arme la siguiente topología:

  Asígneles el siguiente direccionamiento:

PC IP

PC1 10.1.1.1/24

PC2 10.1.1.2/24PC3 10.1.1.3/24

  Comprueba que exista comunicación entre todos los PCs. Nota: puesto que los switches se encuentran si

configuración anterior utilizarán la VLAN 1 como dominio de broadcast. Desactivar el FW en los PCs.

Nota: En plataformas Catalyst 4500 y superiores podemos habilitar PVLAN en los trunks (switchport mode private-

vlans trunk).

PC3

C:\>ping 10.1.1.1

Haciendo ping a 10.1.1.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=255Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 10.1.1.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 2ms, Media = 1ms

C:\>ping 10.1.1.2Haciendo ping a 10.1.1.2 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

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Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Estadísticas de ping para 10.1.1.2:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 0ms, Media = 0ms

DLS1#ping 10.1.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/9 ms

DLS1#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

DLS1#ping 10.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/9 ms

 

Configure Private VLANs basándose en la siguiente tabla:

Dispositivo VLAN-Type VLAN-ID

Router Primary 100

PC1 Community 200

PC2 Community 200

PC3 Isolated 300

Private VLANs requieren una serie de pasos.

  Configure el switch en modo vtp transparent

  Cree la Primary VLAN

 

Defina las Secondary VLANs

  Asocie la Secondary VLANs la Primary VLAN.

DLS1

vtp mode transparent

DLS1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP1 (VTP2 capable)

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 5VTP Operating Mode : Transparent

VTP Domain Name :

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

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VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x57 0xCD 0x40 0x65 0x63 0x59 0x47 0xBD

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

DLS1

vlan 100name VLAN_PRIMARIA

private-vlan primary

private-vlan association 411,421,431

vlan 200

private-vlan community

vlan 300

private-vlan isolated

DLS1#sh vlan private-vlan

Primary Secondary Type Ports------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

100 primary

200 community

300 isolated

DLS1

vlan 100

private-vlan association add 200,300

DLS1#sh vlan private-vlan

Primary Secondary Type Ports------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

100 200 community

100 300 isolated

El siguiente paso consiste en configurar la interface fastethernet 0/4 (que se conecta con el Router) en modo

promiscuo y hacer mapeo de VLAN Primaria con Secundarias.

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/4switchport private-vlan mapping 100 200,300

switchport mode private-vlan promiscuous

DLS1#sh vlan private-vlan

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

100 200 community Fa0/4

100 300 isolated Fa0/4

 

En los puertos que conectan los hosts crear la asociación y definirlos en modo host.

DLS1

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interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport private-vlan host-association 100 200

switchport mode private-vlan host

spanning-tree portfast

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport private-vlan host-association 100 200switchport mode private-vlan host

spanning-tree portfast

interface FastEthernet0/3

switchport private-vlan host-association 100 300

switchport mode private-vlan host

spanning-tree portfast

DLS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/4 switchport

Name: Fa0/4

Switchport: EnabledAdministrative Mode: private-vlan promiscuous

Operational Mode: down

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate

Negotiation of Trunking: Off

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Voice VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan host-association: none

Administrative private-vlan mapping: 100 (VLAN_PRIMARIA) 200 (VLAN0200) 300 (VLAN0300)

Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: noneAdministrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q

Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk associations: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk mappings: none

Operational private-vlan: none

Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL

Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001

Capture Mode Disabled

Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL

Protected: falseUnknown unicast blocked: disabled

Unknown multicast blocked: disabled

Appliance trust: none

DLS1#sh vlan private-vlan

Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

100 200 community Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/4

100 300 isolated Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Asociación entre

puertos hosts y

promiscuous

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Private-VLANs pruebas de conectividad.Según lo que hemos estudiado PC1 y PC2 deben tener conectividad junto con el Router que se encuentra en modo

promiscuo.

PC2C:\>ping 10.1.1.1

Haciendo ping a 10.1.1.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Estadísticas de ping para 10.1.1.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 0ms, Media = 0ms

C:\>ping 10.1.1.100

Haciendo ping a 10.1.1.100 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=38ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=15ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=16ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=31ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 10.1.1.100:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:Mínimo = 15ms, Máximo = 38ms, Media = 25ms

PC3

C:\>ping 10.1.1.1

Haciendo ping a 10.1.1.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Tiempo de espera agotado para esta solicitud.

Tiempo de espera agotado para esta solicitud.

Tiempo de espera agotado para esta solicitud.

Tiempo de espera agotado para esta solicitud.

Estadísticas de ping para 10.1.1.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 0, perdidos = 4(100% perdidos),

C:\>ping 10.1.1.100

Haciendo ping a 10.1.1.100 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=23ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=16ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=31ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.100: bytes=32 tiempo=15ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 10.1.1.100:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 15ms, Máximo = 31ms, Media = 21ms

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Port Protected

  Crear la VLAN 10 en ALS1.

  Configurar como puertos de acceso las interfaces Fa0/10 y Fa0/11 como muestra la figura. Probar si existe

conectividad entre los PCs . Luego habilitar port protect.

 

Comprobar que los PCs pueden comunicarse con el Router pero no entre ellos.

Nota: Ambos puertos deben estar en modo protected para que estén aislados el uno del otro.

ALS1

vlan 111

name PORT-PROTECTED

interface FastEthernet0/10

switchport access vlan 111

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

interface FastEthernet0/11

switchport access vlan 111

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

PC1

C:\>ping 10.1.12.2 -t

Haciendo ping a 10.1.12.2 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.1.12.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.12.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.12.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.12.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.12.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

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EtherChannel I PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol)

  Crear trunking configurando las interfaces f0/6 y f0/7 de DLS1 y DLS2. Utilice protocolo standard de la

industria. Como resultado deberíamos ver un solo enlace para STP. Si un enlace falla no debería haber

interrupción del tráfico. DLS1 solo debe responder si se inicia una negociación desde el otro extremo, debe

adoptar modo pasivo. DLS2 debe intentarformar un etherchannel en forma activa.

PortChannelSW1 Configurado con SW2 Configurado con Etherchannel?

Desirable (PAgP Cisco) Desirable Sí

Desirable (PAgP Cisco) Auto SíAuto Auto No

Modos PAgP:

On: No existe negociación PAgP. En el otro extremo debe estar en modo ON igualmente.

Auto (default): Responde a mensajes PAgP pero no inicia la negociación. Se creará el portchannel siempre que en

el otro extremo este en modo Desirable.

Desirable: El puerto intenta activamente formar un etherchannel. Para que sea se forme el PortChannel en el otro

extremo debe estar configurado en modo Auto o Desirable.

Proceso recomendado:

1. 

Utilice default interface para dejar la interface sin configuración (valores por defecto)2.

 

Crear un channel-group en la interface física (asignar un número identificativo), se creará un portchannel

automáticamente.

3.  (Muy importante) definir el trunk dentro del portchannel (encapsulation, mode, …)

  Al finalizar el laboratorio explique:

Finalidad del modo non-silent en conjunto con auto y desirable.

Que información entrega el comando show pagp internal.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ejemplo de tipos de etherchannels PAgP

DLS1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7DLS1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode ?

active Enable LACP unconditionally

auto Enable PAgP only if a PAgP device is detected

desirable Enable PAgP unconditionally

on Enable Etherchannel only

passive Enable LACP only if a LACP device is detected

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po1 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po1 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po1 1Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Po1 1

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport | include Mode

Administrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk (member of bundle Po1)

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Capture Mode Disabled

DLS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/6 switchport | include ModeAdministrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk (member of bundle Po1)

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Capture Mode Disabled

En terminos de trunk el PortChannel está operativo, sin embargo debemos comprobar que el enlace aparezca

como uno solo desde el punto de vista de Spanning Tree. Naturalmente no hemos creado VLANs y nos basaremos

en la VLAN por defecto. En la siguiente salida podemos observar que para STP solo aparece un enlace: el

PortChannel.

DLS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.7900

Cost 31

Port 56 (Port-channel1)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 15

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Po1 Root FWD 12 128.56 P2p 

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DLS1#sh spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32769

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 15 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Po1 Desg FWD 12 128.56 P2p 

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DLS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

interface FastEthernet0/2

channel-group 2 mode on

no shut

interface FastEthernet0/3

channel-group 2 mode on

no shut

interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

ALS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

interface FastEthernet0/2

channel-group 2 mode on

no shut

interface FastEthernet0/3

channel-group 2 mode on

no shut

interface Port-channel2

switchport mode trunk

DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po1 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po1 1-4094

Po2 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po1 1

Po2 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedPo1 1

Po2 1

ALS1#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po2 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po2 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedPo2 1

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ALS1#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundlingw - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

2 Po2(SU) - Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

DLS1#sh etherchannel summaryFlags: D - down P - bundled in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not met

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) PAgP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

2 Po2(SU) - Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

DLS1#sh etherchannel protocol

Channel-group listing:

----------------------Group: 1

----------

Protocol: PAgP

Group: 2

----------

Protocol: - (Mode ON)

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ALS1#show etherchannel protocol

Channel-group listing:

----------------------

Group: 2

----------

Protocol: - (Mode ON)

ALS1#show spanning-tree interface port-channel 2

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 12 128.64 P2p

DLS1#sh spanning-tree interface port-channel 2

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Root FWD 12 128.64 P2p

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R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

2 Po2(SU) PAgP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

DLS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - bundled in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not met

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) PAgP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

2 Po2(SU) PAgP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po1 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po1 1-4094Po2 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po1 1

Po2 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Po1 1

Po2 1

ALS2#show interfaces trunkPort Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

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Po2 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po2 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Po2 1

ALS2#show etherchannel protocolChannel-group listing:

----------------------

Group: 2

----------

Protocol: PAgP

DLS2#show etherchannel protocol

Channel-group listing:

----------------------

Group: 1

----------Protocol: PAgP

Group: 2

----------

Protocol: PAgP

Otro comando útil para verificar el PortChannel es el show interface etherchannel.

  Explique cada campo del comando.

DLS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 etherchannel

Port state = Up Mstr In-Bndl

Channel group = 2 Mode = Desirable-Sl Gcchange = 0

Port-channel = Po2 GC = 0x00020001 Pseudo port-channel = Po2

Port index = 0 Load = 0x00 Protocol = PAgP

Flags: S - Device is sending Slow hello. C - Device is in Consistent state.

A - Device is in Auto mode. P - Device learns on physical port.

d - PAgP is down.

Timers: H - Hello timer is running. Q - Quit timer is running.

S - Switching timer is running. I - Interface timer is running.

Local information:Hello Partner PAgP Learning Group

Port Flags State Timers Interval Count Priority Method Ifindex

Fa0/2 SC U6/S7 H 30s 1 128 Any 5002

Partner's information:

Partner Partner Partner Partner Group

Port Name Device ID Port Age Flags Cap.

Fa0/2 ALS2 0022.5688.7900 Fa0/2 21s SC 20001

Age of the port in the current state: 0d:00h:06m:28s

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EtherChannel III Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP

  Configure trunk entre ALS1 y ALS2 como muestra la figura. Como resultado deberíamos ver un solo enlace

para STP. Si un enlace falla no debería haber interrupción del tráfico. Configurar LACP. ALS1 debe estar en

modo pasivo. ALS2 debe intentar activamente formar un etherchannel.

PortChannel LACPSW1 Configurado con SW2 Configurado con Etherchannel?

Active Active Sí

Active Passive Sí

Passive Passive No

ALS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 1 mode passive

interface Port-channel1

switchport mode trunk

ALS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 1 mode active

interface Port-channel1

switchport mode trunk

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ALS1#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundlingw - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

2 Po2(SU) - Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

ALS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

2 Po2(SU) PAgP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

ALS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po1 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po2 on 802.1q trunking 1Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po1 1-4094

Po2 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po1 1

Po2 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Po1 1

Po2 1

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ALS2#show lacp neighbor

Flags: S - Device is requesting Slow LACPDUs

F - Device is requesting Fast LACPDUs

A - Device is in Active mode P - Device is in Passive mode

Channel group 1 neighbors

Partner's information:

LACP port Oper Port Port

Port Flags Priority Dev ID Age Key Number State

Fa0/6 SP 32768 0022.5689.5d80 17s 0x1 0x6 0x3C

Fa0/7 SP 32768 0022.5689.5d80 16s 0x1 0x7 0x3C

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DLS2#show etherchannel load-balance

EtherChannel Load-Balancing Configuration:

dst-ip

EtherChannel Load-Balancing Addresses Used Per-Protocol:

Non-IP: Destination MAC address

IPv4: Destination IP address

IPv6: Destination IP address

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EtherChannel V Prioridad LACP 

  Agregar al Etherchannel Po2 de DLS2 y ALS2 las interfaces Fa0/13 a Fa0/18.

  Los puertos Fa0/15 y Fa0/18 deben quedar en estado StandBy. Utilice la prioridad adecuada.

  Al finalar el laboratorio indique:

Cual método utiliza PAgP para mantener el mismo comportamiento, es decir, puertos de respaldo

dentro de un PortChannel.

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

ALS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

switchport mode trunk

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ALS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundlingw - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

2 Po2(SU) LACP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P) Fa0/13(P)

Fa0/14(P) Fa0/15(P) Fa0/16(P)Fa0/17(P) Fa0/18(P) Fa0/19(H)

Fa0/20(H)

La salida anterior nos muestra que el protocolo estándar LACP o IEEE 802.2ad puede crear un portchannel

utilizando hasta 16 puertos, pero solo quedarán activos 8, el resto actúan como respaldo. En este caso, sin

configuración adicional, el proceso LACP se encarga de escoger cuales puertos estarán activos y cuales standby. En

este laboratorio se pide que los puertos que actuarán como respaldo deben ser Fa0/13 a Fa0/18. Debemos tener

presente que el switch con menor lacp sys-id es quién define que enlaces físicos serán primarios y secundarios. En

este caso debería ser ALS2. Este dato es importante puesto que la configuración de la prioridad la debemos hacer

en el Catalyst que tenga menor prioridad.

ALS2#show lacp sys-id

32768, 0022.5688.7900

DLS2#show lacp sys-id

32768, 3037.a6eb.d580

ALS2

lacp system-priority 100

interface range fa0/2 - 3 , fa0/13 - 20

channel-protocol lacp

interface range fa0/2 - 3 , fa0/14 - 17 , f0/19-20

lacp port-priority 100

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ALS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundlingw - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

2 Po2(SU) LACP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P) Fa0/13(H)

Fa0/14(P) Fa0/15(P) Fa0/16(P)

Fa0/17(P) Fa0/18(H) Fa0/19(P)

Fa0/20(P)

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/18 etherchannel

Port state = Up Mstr Assoc Hot-stdby Not-in-Bndl

Channel group = 2 Mode = Active Gcchange = -

Port-channel = null GC = - Pseudo port-channel = Po2

Port index = 0 Load = 0x00 Protocol = LACP

Flags: S - Device is sending Slow LACPDUs F - Device is sending fast LACPDUs.

A - Device is in active mode. P - Device is in passive mode.

Local information:

LACP port Admin Oper Port Port

Port Flags State Priority Key Key Number StateFa0/18 SA hot-sby 32768 0x2 0x2 0x12 0x5

Partner's information:

LACP port Oper Port Port

Port Flags Priority Dev ID Age Key Number State

Fa0/18 SA 32768 3037.a6eb.d580 3s 0x2 0x14 0x5

Age of the port in the current state: 0d:00h:07m:23s

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/13 etherchannel

Port state = Up Mstr Assoc Hot-stdby Not-in-Bndl

Channel group = 2 Mode = Active Gcchange = -

Port-channel = null GC = - Pseudo port-channel = Po2Port index = 0 Load = 0x00 Protocol = LACP

Flags: S - Device is sending Slow LACPDUs F - Device is sending fast LACPDUs.

A - Device is in active mode. P - Device is in passive mode.

Local information:

LACP port Admin Oper Port Port

Port Flags State Priority Key Key Number State

Fa0/13 SA hot-sby 32768 0x2 0x2 0xD 0x5

Partner's information:

LACP port Oper Port Port

Port Flags Priority Dev ID Age Key Number State

Fa0/13 SA 32768 3037.a6eb.d580 22s 0x2 0xF 0x5Age of the port in the current state: 0d:00h:08m:01s

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ALS2#show spanning-tree interface port-channel 2

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 5 128.64 P2p

DLS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.7900

Cost 5

Port 64 (Port-channel2)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 secAging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Po1 Desg FWD 12 128.56 P2p

Po2 Root FWD 5 128.64 P2p

DLS2#show etherchannel port-channel | begin Group: 2

Group: 2

----------

Port-channels in the group:

---------------------------Port-channel: Po2 (Primary Aggregator)

------------

Age of the Port-channel = 0d:00h:24m:19s

Logical slot/port = 2/2 Number of ports = 8

HotStandBy port = Fa0/18 Fa0/13

Port state = Port-channel Ag-Inuse

Protocol = LACP

Port security = Disabled

Ports in the Port-channel:

Index Load Port EC state No of bits------+------+------+------------------+-----------

0 00 Fa0/2 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/3 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/14 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/15 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/16 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/17 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/19 Active 0

0 00 Fa0/20 Active 0

Time since last port bundled: 0d:00h:12m:30s Fa0/20

Time since last port Un-bundled: 0d:00h:12m:32s Fa0/13

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EtherChannel Layer 3

Setup: Borrar configuraciónes anteriores de ambos Switches.

  Configurar los puertos FastEthernet0/6 al FastEthernet0/7 de DLS1 y DLS2 como muestra la figura. Estos

enlaces se deben ver como uno solo. Configurar direccionamiento IP mostrado. En la creación del

Portchannel 12 no debe existir negociación.

  Configure OSPF y forme adyacencia entre los dos switchs 3560. Cree la loopback0 con la siguiente

disposición:

DLS1→10.1.1.1/24

DLS2→10.2.2.2/24

 

Publique esta interfaces con sus máscaras correctas.

  Habilite telnet en DLS2 Catalyst, utilice los siguientes datos:

-  usuario admin password cisco

-  Autentificar en función de base de datos local utilizando AAA.

Solo se permite la loopback0 como dirección de origen (10.1.1.1/24), en caso contrario se debe

bloquear la conexión y enviar un log a la consola.

DLS1

ip routing

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface Port-channel12

no switchport

ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

no switchport

channel-group 12 mode on

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface Port-channel12

no switchport

ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

no switchport

channel-group 12 mode on

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DLS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - bundled in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not metu - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

12 Po12(RU) - Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

DLS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - bundled in port-channelI - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not met

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

12 Po12(RU) - Fa0/6(D) Fa0/7(P)

  Pruebas Etherchanel L3

DLS2#ping 10.1.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/9 ms

DLS2

access-list 100 permit ip host 10.1.12.2 host 10.1.12.1

DLS2#debug ip packet 100

IP packet debugging is on for access list 100

DLS2#ping 10.1.12.1 source 10.1.12.2 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.12.2

!

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DLS1#telnet 10.2.2.2

Trying 10.2.2.2 ...

% Connection refused by remote host

DLS2#

%SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGS: list 10 denied 10.1.12.1 1 packet

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STP Comportamiento por defecto

  Deshabilitar las interfaces que no participan en la topología.

¿Como podemos determinar el comportamiento de STP en este ejemplo? Iremos paso a paso explicando este

proceso. Para este ejemplo utilizaremos la VLAN 1 como referencia. La manera más efectiva y sencilla de

determinar los roles STP es el siguiente:

1.  Determinar el costo de cada enlace. Para eso nos resultará útil la siguiente tabla (podemos verificar que

los datos sean efectivamente los que aparecen utilizando show interface):

BW del

enlace

Costo

STP

4 Mbps 250

10 Mbps 100

16 Mbps 62

45 Mbps 39

100 Mbps 19

155 Mbps 14

622 Mbps 6

1 Gbps 4

10 Gbps 2

- Bridge ID: Bridge priority: Bridge MAC address.

DLS1#show spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.e8ba.70cb.f600

DLS2#show spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.3037.a6eb.d580

ALS1#show spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.0022.5689.5d80

ALS2#show spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.0022.5688.7900

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Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.7900

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

DLS1#sh spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.7900

Cost 19

Port 6 (FastEthernet0/4)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

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3. 

Seleccionar el ROOT PORT (solo uno en cada noroot bridge). Este puerto corresponde al bridge (o switch)

que tiene el mejor camino al Root Bridge, es decir, el costo menor.

DLS1 el RP es la interface fastethernet 0/4 (costo 19).

DLS2 el RP es la interface fastethernet 0/2 (costo 19).

ALS1 el RP es la interface fastethernet 0/6 (costo 19).

ALS2 es el ROOT BRIDGE. No aplica.

DLS1#sh spanning-tree root port

VLAN0001 FastEthernet0/9

DLS2#sh spanning-tree root port

VLAN0001 FastEthernet0/7

ALS1#sh spanning-tree root port

VLAN0001 FastEthernet0/11

4. 

Selección de Designated Port DP. Cada enlace debe seleccionar el puerto que tenga menor costo al Root

Bridge. Este último también participa, y como es lógico todos sus puertos son designados. En caso de que

los valores sean los mismos debemos utilizar un método de desempate.

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Menor root bridge ID

-  Menor costo hacia el root bridge

-  Menor ID del Sender Bridge

-  Menor ID de Sender por ID

Nota: la mayoría de los parámetros se pueden obtener utilizando el comando show spanning-tree

interface detail.

ALS2#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/2 detail

Port 2 (FastEthernet0/2) of VLAN0001 is forwarding

Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.2.

Designated root has priority 32769, address 0022.5688.7900

Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 0022.5688.7900

Designated port id is 128.2, designated path cost 0

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0

Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1

Link type is point-to-point by default

BPDU: sent 4002, received 2

Enlace DLS1 ↔ DLS2: el costo de ambas interfaces es el mismo al Root Bridge. Debemos comprobar otros

criterios. El valor de Root Bridge ID de DLS1 es mayor que el valor de DLS2.

DLS1#sh spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.e8ba.70cb.f600

DLS2#show spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.3037.a6eb.d580

DLS1#sh spanning-tree vlan 1 interface fastEthernet 0/6Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Altn BLK 19 128.8 P2p

DLS2#sh spanning-tree vlan 1 interface fastEthernet 0/6

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 19 128.8 P2p

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Enlace DLS1 ↔ ALS2. ALS2 es el Root, de manera que el mejor camino al Root es sencillamente el puerto

de ALS2 fastethernet 0/4. Lo mismo aplica para DLS2 ↔ ALS2 y ALS1 ↔ ALS2.  

ALS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1 interface fastEthernet 0/2

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 19 128.2 P2p

ALS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1 interface fastEthernet 0/4

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 19 128.4 P2p

ALS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1 interface fastEthernet 0/6

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 19 128.6 P2p

Enlace DLS2↔ALS1. Verificamos que existe el mismo costo para alcanzar el Root Bridge por lo tanto

determinamos cual es el Bridge con el menor ID, en este caso la prioridad menor la tiene ALS1 por lo tanto

el puerto designado (DP) es la interface fastethernet 0/4 de ALS1.

DLS2#sh spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.3037.a6eb.d580

ALS1#sh spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.0022.5689.5d80

ALS1#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/4

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 19 128.4 P2p

DLS2#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/4

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Altn BLK 19 128.6 P2p

Enlace DLS1↔ALS1. Verificamos que existe el mismo costo para alcanzar el Root Bridge por lo tanto

determinamos cual es el Bridge con el menor ID, en este caso la prioridad menor la tiene ALS1 por lo tanto

el puerto designado (DP) es la interface fastethernet 0/4 de ALS1.

ALS1#sh spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.0022.5689.5d80

DLS1#show spanning-tree bridge id

VLAN0001 8001.e8ba.70cb.f600

DLS1#sh spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/2

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Altn BLK 19 128.4 P2p

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ALS1#sh spanning-tree vlan 1 | begin Interface

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/2 Desg FWD 19 128.2 P2p

Fa0/4 Desg FWD 19 128.4 P2p

Fa0/6 Root FWD 19 128.6 P2p

ALS2#sh spanning-tree vlan 1 | begin Interface

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/2 Desg FWD 19 128.2 P2p

Fa0/4 Desg FWD 19 128.4 P2p

Fa0/6 Desg FWD 19 128.6 P2p

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STP Configuración.

Prelab: Borrar configuraciónes anteriores.

  Configurar Etherchannel entre DLS1 y DLS2 (Fa0/6 y Fa0/7). Utilizar LACP.

  Para el trunk configure ISL entre DLS1 y DLS2. No utilizar DTP.

  Al final del laboratorio indique:

-  La utilidad del comando no-isl-entries enable.

-  Que utilidad tiene el comando debug spanning-tree switch state.

DLS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 12 mode active

interface Port-channel12

switchport trunk encapsulation isl

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 12 mode active

interface Port-channel12

switchport trunk encapsulation isl

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

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DLS1#sh etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - bundled in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not met

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

12 Po12(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

DLS2#sh etherchannel summaryFlags: D - down P - bundled in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not met

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

12 Po12(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po12 on isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po12 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Po12 1Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Po12 1

DLS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1 interface port-channel 12

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

VLAN0001 Desg FWD 12 128.144 P2p

DLS1#show spanning-tree vlan 1 interface port-channel 12

Vlan Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------VLAN0001 Altn BLK 12 128.144 P2p

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  Configurar 802.1q en el resto de enlaces como muestra la figura. Las interfaces que no participan en el

laboratroio deben deshabilitarse.

  Al final de esta sección indique que método de pathcost es usado.

DLS1#show interfaces status | include disabled

Fa0/3 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

Fa0/5 disabled 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX

DLS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4

interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4

interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 , fastEthernet 0/6

interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 , fastEthernet 0/6 

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS2default interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 , fastEthernet 0/6

interface range fastEthernet 0/2 , fastEthernet 0/4 , fastEthernet 0/6 

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po12 on isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunkFa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Po12 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Po12 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 none

Fa0/4 1

Po12 none

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DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po12 on isl trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094Fa0/4 1-4094

Po12 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Po12 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 none

Po12 1

ALS1#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

ALS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1-4094

Fa0/4 1-4094

Fa0/6 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2 1

Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/2 1Fa0/4 1

Fa0/6 1

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Como observamos, ASL2 será siempre el Root Bridge, puesto que tiene la MAC menor. Esto provoca que todos los

puertos de ALS2 se encuentren en estado FWD (Forwarding) como podemos ver en la siguiente salida.

  Indique la utilidad de los temporizadores hello, forward delay y Max Age en el envío de BDPUs.

ALS2#show spanning-treeVLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.7900

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 0022.5688.7900

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/2 Desg FWD 19 128.2 P2p

Fa0/4 Desg FWD 19 128.4 P2p

Fa0/6 Desg FWD 19 128.6 P2p

 

  Configure VTP con la siguiente disposición:

DLS1 VTP Server, versión 2, domain DUOC, password cisco

DLS2 VTP Client, versión 2, domain DUOC, password cisco-  ALS1 VTP Client, versión 2, domain DUOC, password cisco

-  ALS2 VTP Client, versión 2, domain DUOC, password cisco

DLS1

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password cisco

vtp mode server

DLS2

vtp domain DUOCvtp password cisco

vtp mode client

ALS1

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password cisco

vtp mode client

ALS2

vtp domain DUOC

vtp password ciscovtp mode client

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  En DLS1 crear la VLAN 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

  Comprobar que estas VLANs se hayan instalado en los switchs VTP client.

  Donde guardan las VLANs los switchs con el rol de VTP client?

DLS1

vlan 2-10

DLS1#sh vl brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gi0/1, Gi0/2

2 VLAN0002 active

3 VLAN0003 active

4 VLAN0004 active

5 VLAN0005 active

6 VLAN0006 active

7 VLAN0007 active

8 VLAN0008 active

9 VLAN0009 active

10 VLAN0010 active

DLS2#sh vl brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gi0/1, Gi0/2

2 VLAN0002 active

3 VLAN0003 active

4 VLAN0004 active

5 VLAN0005 active

6 VLAN0006 active

7 VLAN0007 active

8 VLAN0008 active

9 VLAN0009 active

10 VLAN0010 active

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ALS1#show vl brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

2 VLAN0002 active

3 VLAN0003 active

4 VLAN0004 active

5 VLAN0005 active

6 VLAN0006 active

7 VLAN0007 active

8 VLAN0008 active

9 VLAN0009 active

10 VLAN0010 active

ALS2#show vl brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/5, Fa0/7

Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

2 VLAN0002 active3 VLAN0003 active

4 VLAN0004 active

5 VLAN0005 active

6 VLAN0006 active

7 VLAN0007 active

8 VLAN0008 active

9 VLAN0009 active

10 VLAN0010 active

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  DLS1 debe ser Root Bridge para las VLANs 1, 2, 3, 4, y Bridge de respaldo para las VLANs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

  DLS2 debe ser Root Bridge para las VLANs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, y Bridge de respaldo para las VLANs 1,2,3,4.

Notemos en algunos detalles. ALS2 (poner atención, en los equipos de cada POD el resultado puede ser distinto,

trabajamos con valores por defecto) es el Root Bridge para todas las VLANs.

ALS2#show version | include Base

Base ethernet MAC Address : 00:22:56:88:79:00

ALS2#show spanning-tree bridge

Hello Max Fwd

Vlan Bridge ID Time Age Dly Protocol

---------------- --------------------------------- ----- --- --- --------

VLAN0001 32769 (32768, 1) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0002 32770 (32768, 2) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0003 32771 (32768, 3) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0004 32772 (32768, 4) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0005 32773 (32768, 5) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0006 32774 (32768, 6) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0007 32775 (32768, 7) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0008 32776 (32768, 8) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0009 32777 (32768, 9) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

VLAN0010 32778 (32768, 10) 0022.5688.7900 2 20 15 ieee

DLS1#sho spanning-tree root id

VLAN0001 8001.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0002 8002.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0003 8003.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0004 8004.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0005 8005.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0006 8006.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0007 8007.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0008 8008.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0009 8009.0022.5688.7900

VLAN0010 800A.0022.5688.7900

En la siguiente salida podemos observar la BridgeID de DLS1. Cuando le asignemos el rol primario para las VLANs 1,

2, 3, 4 veremos que la BridgeID coincide con el de DLS1.

DLS1#show version | include Base

Base ethernet MAC Address : E8:BA:70:CB:F6:00

ALS2#show spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

Vlan Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port 

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

VLAN0001 32769 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0002 32770 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0003 32771 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15VLAN0004 32772 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0005 32773 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0006 32774 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

DLS1 reconoce que el root para todas las VLANs

creadas y VLAN 1 es el switch que tiene el

Bridge-ID 8001.0022.5688.7900, es decir, ALS2.

La misma comprobación debemos hacerla en

cada switch no root.

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VLAN0007 32775 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0008 32776 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0009 32777 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

VLAN0010 32778 0022.5688.7900 0 2 20 15

DLS1

spanning-tree vlan 1,2,3,4 root primary

spanning-tree vlan 5-10 root secondary

DLS1 es ahora el root para las VLAN 1,2,3,4. Utilizando el comando show spanning-tree root vemos el BridgeID

24577 e8ba.70cb.f600 correspondiente a la VLAN 1.

  En que casos el proceso STP baja la prioridad 4096?

  Porque DLS1 asume el rol de Root para todas las VLANs siendo que se configuró para que sea primario para

las VLANs 1 a la 4?

ALS2#show spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

Vlan Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

VLAN0001 24577 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0002 24578 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0003 24579 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0004 24580 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0005 28677 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0006 28678 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4VLAN0007 28679 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0008 28680 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0009 28681 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

VLAN0010 28682 e8ba.70cb.f600 19 2 20 15 Fa0/4

DLS1#sh spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

Vlan Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

VLAN0001 24577 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0002 24578 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15VLAN0003 24579 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0004 24580 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0005 28677 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0006 28678 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0007 28679 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0008 28680 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0009 28681 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0010 28682 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

Sabemos que la prioridad STP por defecto es de 32768.

Notemos además que se suma el número de la VLAN a cada

prioridad, es decir, si se trata de la VLAN 10 el valor de la

prioridad será de 32768 + 10→32778. Si un switch le

asignamos el rol de root para ciertas o todas las VLANs por

medio de la configuración, STP baja la prioridad 8192 + el

valor de la VLAN. Si vemos el ejemplo la VLAN 4 tenemos

que 32768 + 4 →32772 - 8192 = 24580.

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Configuramos la segunda tarea.

DLS2

spanning-tree vlan 5,6,7,8,9,10 root primary

spanning-tree vlan 1-4 root secondary

DLS2#show spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

Vlan Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

VLAN0001 24577 e8ba.70cb.f600 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0002 24578 e8ba.70cb.f600 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0003 24579 e8ba.70cb.f600 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0004 24580 e8ba.70cb.f600 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0005 24581 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

VLAN0006 24582 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

VLAN0007 24583 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15VLAN0008 24584 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

VLAN0009 24585 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

VLAN0010 24586 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

DLS1#sh spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

Vlan Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

VLAN0001 24577 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0002 24578 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0003 24579 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15VLAN0004 24580 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

VLAN0005 24581 3037.a6eb.d580 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0006 24582 3037.a6eb.d580 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0007 24583 3037.a6eb.d580 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0008 24584 3037.a6eb.d580 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0009 24585 3037.a6eb.d580 12 2 20 15 Po12

VLAN0010 24586 3037.a6eb.d580 12 2 20 15 Po12

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STP BPDU Guard

  La interface fastethernet0/2 de ALS2 debe pertenecer a la VLAN 10. Próximamente se conectará un PC.

Evitar que el proceso STP transite por los estados listening/learning. En caso que la interface reciba algún

paquete BPDU deberá quedar en estado errdisable que tendrá una duración de 30 segundos.

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport access vlan 10

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/1 switchport

Name: Fa0/1

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: static access

Operational Mode: downAdministrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Negotiation of Trunking: Off

Access Mode VLAN: 10 (VLAN0010)

ALS2

spanning-tree portfast bpduguard default

errdisable recovery interval 30

Si conectamos algún dispositivo que envíe BPDUs (ejemplo un Switch) obtendremos los siguientes resultados:

04:27:48: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/7, changed state to down

04:27:49: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/7, changed state to down

04:27:50: %SPANTREE-2-BLOCK_BPDUGUARD: Received BPDU on port FastEthernet0/2 with BPDU Guard enabled.

Disabling port.

ALS2#

04:27:50: %PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: bpduguard error detected on Fa0/2, putting Fa0/2 in err-disable state

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/2 status err-disabled

Port Name Status Reason

Fa0/2 err-disabled bpduguard

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FLEX Link

  Crear trunk utilizando Fa0/7 y Fa0/8 de ambos switches utilizando un protocolo estándar.

  DLS1 VTP Server

  ALS1 VTP Client

  DLS1 debe crear las VLANs 100, 200, 300 y 400. DLS1 debe ser root de todas las VLANs

  Comprueba que ALS1 posee las VLANs

El enlace Flex (Flex link) es una característica que se encuentra disponible en capa 2 y puede coexistir con STP. Esta

mejora permite que el tiempo de convergencia sea menor a 50 milisegundos, en resumen este tiempo se mantiene

constante independientemente del número de VLAN o dirección MAC configuradas en el switch.

Este enlace consta de un par de interfaces de capa 2 que pueden estar configuradas como switchports o port

channels, y funcionan como respaldo para otro enlace. También ofrece una solución alternativa al protocolo

Spanning Tree (STP), permitiendo a los usuarios su desactivación y todavía proporcionar un enlace redundante.

DLS1interface FastEthernet0/7

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

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DLS1#sh spanning-tree vlan 100

VLAN0100

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 24676

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 24676 (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 100)

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 15 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/7 Desg FWD 19 128.9 P2p

Fa0/8 Desg FWD 19 128.10 P2p

ALS1#show spanning-tree vlan 100

VLAN0100

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 24676

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

Cost 19

Port 7 (FastEthernet0/7)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32868 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 100)

Address 0022.5689.5d80Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/7 Root FWD 19 128.7 P2p

Fa0/8 Altn BLK 19 128.8 P2p

Configurar FlexLink con las siguientes políticas.

 

ALS1 fa0/7 backup

  Conectar PCs a algún puerto de acceso de DLS1 y ALS1 (misma VLAN y probar conectividad entre ellos).

  Desactivar enlace activo y esperar comprobar el tiempo de activación.

Hacer balanceo de carga usandoel comando de interface switchport backup interface fastEthernet 0/3 prefer vlan

101….. 

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/8

switchport mode trunk

switchport backup interface Fa0/7

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ALS1#show interfaces switchport backup

Switch Backup Interface Pairs:

Active Interface Backup Interface State

------------------------------------------------------------------------

FastEthernet0/8 FastEthernet0/7 Active Up/Backup Standby

DLS1interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport access vlan 100

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport access vlan 100

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

Pruebas de conectividad Flex Link

PC1 → 10.1.1.1/24 conectado a la Fa0/1 de DLS1

PC2 → 10.1.1.2/24 conectado a la Fa0/1 de ALS1  

Deberíamos tener conectividad a través de ping.

Fa0/8 actúa activamente en el tráfico, si deshabilitamos la interface no existe interrumpción de tráfico.

ALS1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/8

ALS1(conig-if)#shutdown

ALS1#show interfaces switchport backup

Switch Backup Interface Pairs:

Active Interface Backup Interface State

------------------------------------------------------------------------

FastEthernet0/8 FastEthernet0/7 Active Down/Backup Up

PC1 ping 10.1.1.2 -t

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

Respuesta desde 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128

ALS1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/8

ALS1(config-if)#no shutdown

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ALS1#show interfaces switchport backup

Switch Backup Interface Pairs:

Active Interface Backup Interface State

------------------------------------------------------------------------

FastEthernet0/8 FastEthernet0/7 Active Standby/Backup Up

Como vemos en la salida anterior la interface fa0/8 no vuelva al estado activo por defecto. En otras palabras no se

apropia del puesto que dejó. Para esto debemos establecer explícitamente que lo haga.

  Fastethernet 0/8 debe vovler a su estado UP en 4 segundos luego de restablecer el enlace.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/8

switchport backup interface Fa0/7 preemption delay 4

switchport backup interface Fa0/7 preemption mode forced //Si no incluimos forced el proceso no lo considera

01:14:35: %BACKUP_INTERFACE-5-PREEMPT: Preempting interface Fa0/7 in backup pair (Fa0/8, Fa0/7),

preemption mode is forced

ALS1#show interfaces switchport backup detail

Switch Backup Interface Pairs:

Active Interface Backup Interface State

------------------------------------------------------------------------

FastEthernet0/8 FastEthernet0/7 Active Up/Backup Standby

Interface Pair : Fa0/8, Fa0/7

Preemption Mode : forcedPreemption Delay : 4 seconds

Bandwidth : 100000 Kbit (Fa0/8), 100000 Kbit (Fa0/7)

Mac Address Move Update Vlan : auto

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MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree MST 802.1s

  Configure ambos switches en modo trunk. Utilice 802.1q.

  VTP. DLS1 debe ser server VTP, DLS2 client VTP. Utilizar domain VTP DUOC, VTP versión 2.

  En DLS1 crear las VLANs 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, y 60. Comprobar que estas VLANs se propaguen a DLS2.

  Utilice RSTP+ para la configuración inicial.

DLS1

spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

vlan 10,20,30,40,50,60

vtp mode server

vtp domain DUOC

vtp version 2

DLS2

spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

vtp mode client

vtp domain DUOC

vtp version 2

DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

DLS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/7 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,40,50,60

Fa0/7 1,10,20,30,40,50,60

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,40,50,60

Fa0/7 none

LS2#show interfaces trunk

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Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/7 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/6 1-4094

Fa0/7 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainFa0/6 1,10,20,30,40,50,60

Fa0/7 1,10,20,30,40,50,60

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/6 1,10,20,30,40,50,60

Fa0/7 1

DLS2#show vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP2

Configuration Revision : 2

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 11VTP Operating Mode : Client

VTP Domain Name : DUOC

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x87 0xDB 0x5B 0x22 0xB7 0x09 0xAD 0x2D

Configuration last modified by 1.1.1.1 at 3-1-93 00:24:25

DLS1#sh vtp status

VTP Version : running VTP2

Configuration Revision : 2Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005

Number of existing VLANs : 11

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : DUOC

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x87 0xDB 0x5B 0x22 0xB7 0x09 0xAD 0x2D

Configuration last modified by 1.1.1.1 at 3-1-93 00:24:25

Local updater ID is 1.1.1.1 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)

DLS2>show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active30 VLAN0030 active

40 VLAN0040 active

50 VLAN0050 active

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60 VLAN0060 active

Configure MST siguiendo las siguientes políticas:

  Crear dos instancias STP: instancia1, instancia2.

  El número de revisión (revision number) debe ser 1.

 

El nombre MST debe ser CLASS

  A instancia1 le corresponden las VLANs 10, 20, 30

  A instancia2 le corresponde la VLANs 40, 50, 60 y 1

  Las siguientes VLANs serán parte de la instancia0.

  Instacia1 → fastethernet0/6 

  Instacia2 → fastethernet0/7 

  DLS1 debe ser Root Bridge para instancia1

  DLS2 debe ser Root Bridge para instancia2

La ventaja de MST es que puede mapear multiples VLANs que tengan los mismos requerimientos (mismo tráfico) ygenerar una sola instancia de STP, lo que se traduce en una menor utilización de los recursos del dispositivo.

Nota: Al habilitar MST deshabilitamos RSTP+.

Verifiquemos cuantas instancias existen. Para eso utilizaremos el comando show spanning-tree.

DLS1#sh spanning-tree

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.7900Cost 38

Port 8 (FastEthernet0/6)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/6 Root FWD 19 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Altn BLK 19 128.9 P2p

VLAN0010

Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

Root ID Priority 32778

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Cost 19

Port 8 (FastEthernet0/6)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10)

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300 sec

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Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/6 Root FWD 19 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Altn BLK 19 128.9 P2p

*

**

VLAN0060

Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

Root ID Priority 32828

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Cost 19

Port 8 (FastEthernet0/6)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32828 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 60)

Address e8ba.70cb.f600Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/6 Root FWD 19 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Altn BLK 19 128.9 P2p

Como vemos en la salida anterior STP está corriendo una instancia distinta para cada VLAN, asumiendo que cada

instancia tiene un camino distinto o flujo distinto, aun cuando siguen misma topología física. DLS1 y DLS2 podránutilizar MST si ambos tienen identica:

 Región name

 

Revision number

 

VLAN-to-instance assignments

Para configuirar MST debemos seguir los siguientes pasos:

1.  Configurar MST globalmente:

DLS1

spanning-tree mode mst

DLS2

spanning-tree mode mst

DLS2#show spanning-tree vlan 10

MST0

Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp

Root ID Priority 32768

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

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Bridge ID Priority 32768 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 0)

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/6 Desg FWD 200000 128.8 P2pFa0/7 Desg BLK 200000 128.9 P2p

DLS1#sh spanning-tree vlan 10

MST0

Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp

Root ID Priority 32768

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Cost 0

Port 8 (FastEthernet0/6)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32768 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 0)

Address e8ba.70cb.f600

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/6 Root FWD 200000 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Altn BLK 200000 128.9 P2p

Nota: Si no se establece, todas las instancias quedan en instancia 0.

DLS1#sh spanning-tree mst configuration

Name []

Revision 0 Instances configured 1

Instance Vlans mapped

-------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------

0 1-4094

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DLS2#show spanning-tree mst configuration

Name []

Revision 0 Instances configured 1

Instance Vlans mapped

-------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------

0 1-4094

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Podemos notar que existe un BID por cada instancia, a 32768 se le suma el número de la instancia haciendo del BID

único.

DLS1#sh spanning-tree bridge

Hello Max Fwd

MST Instance Bridge ID Time Age Dly Protocol---------------- --------------------------------- ----- --- --- --------

MST0 32768 (32768, 0) e8ba.70cb.f600 2 20 15 mstp

MST1 32769 (32768, 1) e8ba.70cb.f600 2 20 15 mstp

MST2 32770 (32768, 2) e8ba.70cb.f600 2 20 15 mstp

DLS1#show version | include Base

Base ethernet MAC Address : E8:BA:70:CB:F6:00

DLS2#show spanning-tree root

Hello Max Fwd

MST Instance Bridge ID Time Age Dly Protocol---------------- --------------------------------- ----- --- --- --------

MST0 32768 (32768, 0) 3037.a6eb.d580 2 20 15 mstp

MST1 32769 (32768, 1) 3037.a6eb.d580 2 20 15 mstp

MST2 32770 (32768, 2) 3037.a6eb.d580 2 20 15 mstp

DLS2#show version | include Base

Base ethernet MAC Address : 30:37:A6:EB:D5:80

  DLS1 debe ser Root Bridge para instancia1

 

DLS2 debe ser Root Bridge para instancia2

Ya podemos establecer prioridades trabajando con VLANs empaquetadas, como una sola entidad, instancia 1 e

instancia 2. La prioridad debemos establecerla en incrementos de 4096 (0, 4096, 8192..)

DLS1(config)#spanning-tree mst 1 priority ?

<0-61440> bridge priority in increments of 4096

DLS1(config)#spanning-tree mst 1 priority 0

DLS1(config)#spanning-tree mst 2 priority 4096

DLS2

spanning-tree mst 1 priority 4096

spanning-tree mst 2 priority 0

spanning-tree mst 2 priority 4096

spanning-tree mst 1 priority 0

DLS1#show version | include Base

Base ethernet MAC Address : E8:BA:70:CB:F6:00

DLS2#show version | include BaseBase ethernet MAC Address : 30:37:A6:EB:D5:80

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DLS1#show spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

MST Instance Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

MST0 32768 3037.a6eb.d580 200000 2 20 15 Fa0/6

MST1 1 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

MST2 4098 e8ba.70cb.f600 0 2 20 15

DLS2#show spanning-tree root

Root Hello Max Fwd

MST Instance Root ID Cost Time Age Dly Root Port

---------------- -------------------- --------- ----- --- --- ------------

MST0 32768 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

MST1 4097 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

MST2 2 3037.a6eb.d580 0 2 20 15

DLS1#sh spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/6

Mst Instance Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

MST0 Root FWD 200000 128.8 P2p Bound(RSTP)

MST1 Mstr FWD 200000 128.8 P2p Bound(RSTP)

MST2 Mstr FWD 200000 128.8 P2p Bound(RSTP)

DLS1#sh spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/7

Mst Instance Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

MST0 Altn BLK 200000 128.9 P2p Bound(RSTP)MST1 Altn BLK 200000 128.9 P2p Bound(RSTP)

MST2 Altn BLK 200000 128.9 P2p Bound(RSTP)

DLS2#sh spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/6

Mst Instance Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

MST0 Desg FWD 200000 128.8 P2p

MST1 Desg FWD 200000 128.8 P2p

MST2 Desg FWD 200000 128.8 P2p

DLS2#sh spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/7Mst Instance Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

MST0 Desg FWD 200000 128.9 P2p

MST1 Desg FWD 200000 128.9 P2p

MST2 Desg FWD 200000 128.9 P2p 

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Queremos que el tráfico de la instancia 1 utilice la Fa0/6 y la instancia 2 la Fa0/7

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/6

spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 0

spanning-tree mst 2 port-priority 240

interface FastEthernet0/7

spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 240

spanning-tree mst 2 port-priority 0

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/6

spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 0

spanning-tree mst 2 port-priority 240

interface FastEthernet0/7spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 240

spanning-tree mst 2 port-priority 0

Notemos que instancia 1 utiliza la interface Fa0/6 y la instancia 2 la Fa0/7

DLS2#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/6

Mst Instance Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

MST0 Desg FWD 200000 128.13 P2pMST1 Root FWD 200000 0.13 P2p

MST2 Desg FWD 200000 240.13 P2p

DLS2#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/7

Mst Instance Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

MST0 Desg FWD 200000 128.14 P2p

MST1 Altn BLK 200000 240.14 P2p

MST2 Desg FWD 200000 0.14 P2p

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InterVLAN Routing utilizando SW L3

  En DLS1 crear las VLANs 10 y 20. Posteriormente cree la interface VLAN (SVI) correspondiente a las VLANs

  creadas.

  Asignar las VLANs de acceso como muestra la figura. Evitar que el proceso STP transite por los estados

listening/learning en los puertos de acceso Fa0/1 y Fa0/8.

  Configurar los PCs como muestra la figura y establecer como Default Gateway la SVI. Comprobar

conectividad.

DLS1

vlan 10,20

interface Vlan10

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

no shut

interface Vlan20

ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

no shut

DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active20 VLAN0020 active

 

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  Asignar las VLANs de acceso como muestra la figura. Evitar que el proceso STP transite por los estados

listening/learning en los puertos de acceso Fa0/1 y Fa0/8.

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/1

description ***a PC1***

switchport access vlan 10

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

no shutdown

interface FastEthernet0/8

description ***a PC2***

switchport access vlan 20

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

no shutdown

DLS1#ping 10.0.0.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/9 ms

DLS1#ping 20.0.0.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.0.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/9 ms

PC1

C:\>ping 10.0.0.1

Haciendo ping a 10.0.0.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=3ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 10.0.0.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 3ms, Media = 1ms

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PC2

C:\>ping 20.0.0.1

Haciendo ping a 20.0.0.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=28ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 20.0.0.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 1ms, Máximo = 28ms, Media = 8ms

 

Habilitar ruteo en el switch.

DLS1

ip routing

DLS1#sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 20.0.0.0 is directly connected, Vlan20

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Vlan10

  Creamos una ruta por defecto en los PCs.

  Comprobamos que tenemos conectividad entre PC1 (VLAN 10) y PC2(VLAN 20)

PC1

C:\>route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1

PC2

C:\>route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.1

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PC1

C:\>route print

===========================================================================

ILista de interfaces

0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface

0x2 ...00 24 8c cd 2a 2a ...... SiS191 Ethernet Controller - Minipuerto del admi

nistrador de paquetes0x3 ...08 00 27 00 f0 c5 ...... VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter - Minipuer

to del administrador de paquetes

===========================================================================

===========================================================================

Rutas activas:

Destino de red Máscara de red Puerta de acceso Interfaz Métrica

0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 1

PC2

C:\>route print

===========================================================================ILista de interfaces

0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface

0x2 ...0c ee e6 a0 33 43 ...... Adaptador de red Broadcom 802.11g - Minipuerto d

el administrador de paquetes

0x10004 ...00 26 22 70 6d df ...... Atheros AR8132 PCI-E Fast Ethernet Controlle

r - Minipuerto del administrador de paquetes

===========================================================================

===========================================================================

Rutas activas:

Destino de red Máscara de red Puerta de acceso Interfaz Métrica

0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.1 20.0.0.2 1

PC1

C:\>ping 20.0.0.2

Haciendo ping a 20.0.0.2 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=127

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Estadísticas de ping para 20.0.0.2:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 1ms, Media = 0ms

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PC2

C:\>ping 10.0.0.2

Haciendo ping a 10.0.0.2 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127Respuesta desde 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Estadísticas de ping para 10.0.0.2:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 0ms, Media = 0ms

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InterVLAN Routing entre switches L2/L3.

  Configurar los cuatro switchs basado en los siquientes requerimientos::

-  VTP domain duoc

-  VTP versión 2

-  DLS1 → VTP Server, DLS2 → VTP Client, ALS2 → VTP Client, ALS1 → VTP Client -  Domain duoc

 

Configurar Link Aggregation como muestra la figura, no utilice negociación en los portchannels, salvo en

Po2 DLS2-ALS2. Configurar trunk utilizando encapsulación 802.1q.

 

DLS1 debe crear las VLANs 10 y 20.Comprobar que estas VLANs mas la default sean “visibles” por los

demás switchs (DLS2, ALS1 y ALS2)

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  Configurar los puertos de acceso en los switchs L2 como muestra la figura asignando la VLAN

correspondiente. Evitar que el proceso STP transite por los estados listening/learning.

  Crear las SVI en cada switch L3. Habilitar routing.

 En los PC asignar direccionamiento mostrados. Adicionalmente crear una ruta por defecto apuntando alDG.

  Comprobamos que tenemos conectividad entre PC1 (VLAN 10) y PC2(VLAN 20).

  Configurar los PCs como muestra la figura y establecer como Default Gateway la IP de la interface VLAN.

Comprobar conectividad.

  Configurar los cuatro switchs basado en los siquientes requerimientos::

VTP domain i29 

VTP versión 2

DLS1 → VTP Server, DLS2 → VTP Client, ALS2 → VTP Client, ALS1 → VTP Client.

  Configurar Link Aggregation como muestra la figura, no utilice negociación en los portchannels, salvo en

Po1 DLS2-ALS2. Configurar trunk utilizando encapsulación 802.1q. Solo se permiten las VLANs defaul, 10 y

20.

DLS1

vtp mode server

vtp domain i29

vtp version 2

DLS2

vtp mode client

vtp domain i29

vtp version 2

ALS1

vtp mode client

vtp domain i29

vtp version 2

ALS2vtp mode client

vtp domain i29

vtp version 2

DLS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

channel-group 1 mode on

interface Port-channel1switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20

switchport mode trunk

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switchport nonegotiate

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 12 mode on

interface Port-channel12

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qswitchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/6-7 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 12 mode on

interface Port-channel12

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1qswitchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS2#show etherchannel 12 summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundlingw - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

12 Po12(SU) - Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

ALS1default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

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channel-group 1 mode on

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

DLS1#sh etherchannel 1 summary

Flags: D - down P - bundled in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

M - not in use, minimum links not met

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 2

Number of aggregators: 2

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) - Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

ALS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3 , fastEthernet 0/13-20

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspendedH - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

2 Po2(SU) LACP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P) Fa0/13(P)

Fa0/14(P) Fa0/15(P) Fa0/16(P)

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Fa0/17(P) Fa0/18(P) Fa0/19(H)

Fa0/20(H)

  DLS1 debe crear las VLANs 10 y 20.Comprobar que estas VLANs mas la default sean “visibles” por los

demás switchs (DLS2, ALS1 y ALS2)

  Configurar los puertos de acceso en los switchs L2 como muestra la figura asignando la VLAN

correspondiente. Evitar que el proceso STP transite por los estados listening/learning.

DLS1

vlan 10,20

DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

DLS2#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/23

switchport access vlan 10

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6

Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/23

20 VLAN0020 active

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ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/23

switchport access vlan 20

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

ALS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6

Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gi0/1

Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/23

  Crear las SVI en cada switch L3 (ver figura). Habilitar routing.

  En los PC asignar direccionamiento mostrados.

DLS1

interface Vlan10

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan20

ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

DLS2

interface Vlan10

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan20

ip address 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

DLS2#ping 10.0.0.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/8 ms

DLS2#ping 20.0.0.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/9 ms

DLS1

ip routing

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DLS2

ip routing

PC1

C:\>ping 20.0.0.10

Haciendo ping a 20.0.0.10 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.10: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127Respuesta desde 20.0.0.10: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.10: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.10: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=127

Estadísticas de ping para 20.0.0.10:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 0ms, Media = 0ms

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IP DHCP

Continuación laboratorio anterior.

  Deshabilitar Po12

 

En DLS1 crear la VLAN 100 más la SVI 100 utilizando la IP address 100.1.1.1/24. Debe ser permitida en el

Po1 DLS1/ALS1.

  Configurar DHCP en DLS1 con las siguientes características:

-  Pool ABCD 100.1.1.0/24

Default Router 100.1.1.1

Arriendo indefinido.

Se debe excluir el rango 100.1.1.1 a 100.1.1.20

  En ALS1 asignar al puerto Fa0/23 la VLAN 100 (puerto de acceso).

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DLS1

vlan 100

interface Vlan100

ip address 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

ip dhcp excluded-address 100.1.1.1 100.1.1.20

ip dhcp pool ABCD

network 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

default-router 100.1.1.1

lease infinite

interface port-channel 1

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 100

DLS1#sh running-config interface port-channel 1Building configuration...

Current configuration : 159 bytes

!

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,100

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS1interface port-channel 1

switchport trunk allowed vlan add 100

ALS1#sh running-config interface port-channel 1

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 121 bytes

!

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,100

switchport mode trunkswitchport nonegotiate

ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6

Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/210 VLAN0010 active Fa0/23

20 VLAN0020 active

100 VLAN0100 active

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ALS1

default interface fastEthernet 0/23

interface FastEthernet0/23

switchport access vlan 100switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

  Conectamos PC1 a puerto Fa0/23 y utilizamos el comando debug ip dhcp server packet para verificar la

negociación DHCP entre cliente y servidor.

DLS1#debug ip dhcp server packet

DHCP server packet debugging is on.

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: Reload workspace interface Vlan100 tableid 0.

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: tableid for 100.1.1.1 on Vlan100 is 0

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: client's VPN is .

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: DHCPREQUEST received from client 0100.248c.cd2a.2a.

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: client has moved to a new subnet.

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: Sending DHCPNAK to client 0100.248c.cd2a.2a.

*Mar 1 01:25:03.142: DHCPD: broadcasting BOOTREPLY to client 0024.8ccd.2a2a.

*Mar 1 01:25:04.

DLS1#140: DHCPD: Reload workspace interface Vlan100 tableid 0.

*Mar 1 01:25:04.140: DHCPD: tableid for 100.1.1.1 on Vlan100 is 0

*Mar 1 01:25:04.140: DHCPD: client's VPN is .*Mar 1 01:25:04.140: DHCPD: using received relay info.

*Mar 1 01:25:04.140: DHCPD: DHCPDISCOVER received from client 0100.248c.cd2a.2a on interface Vlan100.

*Mar 1 01:25:04.140: DHCPD: using received relay info.

DLS1#

*Mar 1 01:25:06.153: DHCPD: Sending DHCPOFFER to client 0100.248c.cd2a.2a (100.1.1.21).

*Mar 1 01:25:06.153: DHCPD: Check for IPe on Vlan100

*Mar 1 01:25:06.153: DHCPD: creating ARP entry (100.1.1.21, 0024.8ccd.2a2a).

*Mar 1 01:25:06.153: DHCPD: unicasting BOOTREPLY to client 0024.8ccd.2a2a (100.1.1.21).

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: Reload workspace interface Vlan100 tableid 0.

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: tableid for 100.1.1.1 on Vlan100 is 0

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: client's VPN is .*Ma

DLS1#r 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: DHCPREQUEST received from client 0100.248c.cd2a.2a.

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: Sending DHCPACK to client 0100.248c.cd2a.2a (100.1.1.21).

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: Check for IPe on Vlan100

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: creating ARP entry (100.1.1.21, 0024.8ccd.2a2a).

*Mar 1 01:25:06.162: DHCPD: unicasting BOOTREPLY to client 0024.8ccd.2a2a (100.1.1.21).

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InterVLAN Routing con HSRP en Switchs L3

Objetivos:

Configurar InterVLAN routing utilizando HSRP para redundancia y tolerante a fallas (en DG).

VLAN HSRP GW Address

1 1.1.1.1/24

10 10.0.0.1/24

20 20.0.0.1/24

30 30.0.0.1/24

40 40.0.0.0/24

  Configure Etherchannel como muestra la figura. Utilice LACP. Utilice 802.1q como protocolo de trunking.

DLS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

channel-group 1 mode active

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/4-5

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

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switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 3 mode active

interface Port-channel3

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

channel-group 1 mode active

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/4-5

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 3 mode active

interface Port-channel3

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

DLS2#show etherchannel 3 summaryFlags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 3

Number of aggregators: 3

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

3 Po3(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

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ALS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

channel-group 1 mode active

interface Port-channel1switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/4-5

channel-group 2 mode active

interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7channel-group 3 mode active

interface Port-channel3

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

ALS1#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 3

Number of aggregators: 3

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

2 Po2(SU) LACP Fa0/4(P) Fa0/5(P)

3 Po3(SD) LACP Fa0/6(I) Fa0/7(I)

ALS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

channel-group 1 mode active

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/4-5

channel-group 2 mode active

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interface Port-channel2

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 3 mode active

interface Port-channel3

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,30,40

switchport mode trunk

ALS2#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundlingw - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 3

Number of aggregators: 3

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

2 Po2(SU) LACP Fa0/4(P) Fa0/5(P)

3 Po3(SU) LACP Fa0/6(P) Fa0/7(P)

DLS1#sh interfaces trunkPort Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Po1 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Po3 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Po1 1,10,20,30,40

Po2 1,10,20,30,40

Po3 1,10,20,30,40

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domainPo1 1

Po2 1

Po3 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Po1 none

Po2 1

Po3 none

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  Confiure DLS2, ALS1 y ALS2 en modo cliente VTP.

  En DLS1 utilice el domino VTP duoc.cl, además cree las VLANs que muestra la figura con sus nombres

correspondientes. Compruebe que todas las VLANs sean visibles en todos los switches.

DLS2

vtp mode client

ALS1

vtp mode client

ALS2

vtp mode client

ALS2#show vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 0

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs : 5

VTP Operating Mode : Client

VTP Domain Name :

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x57 0xCD 0x40 0x65 0x63 0x59 0x47 0xBD

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

DLS1

vtp domain duoc.cl

vlan 10

name CONTROL

vlan 20

name RRHH

vlan 30

name SMTP

vlan 40

name WWW

DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 CONTROL active

20 RRHH active

30 SMTP active

40 WWW active

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ALS2#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 CONTROL active

20 RRHH active

30 SMTP active

40 WWW active

ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 CONTROL active

20 RRHH active

30 SMTP active

40 WWW active

DLS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsupVLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 CONTROL active

20 RRHH active

30 SMTP active

40 WWW active

  Configure los puertos de acceso en cada switch con su VLAN correspondiente. Estos puertos no deben

transitar en los estados de STP (Listening, Learning..).

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport access vlan 30

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

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DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport access vlan 40

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

ALS1interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport access vlan 10

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport access vlan 20

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

  Configure los hosts de acuerdo al direccionamiento mostrado. En el ejemplo siguiente solo se incluyen dos

ejemplos, puerto de acceso VLAN 10 y puerto acceso VLAN 40.

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InterVLANs

  Provea conectividad extremo a extremo entre VLANs. Crear SVI que serán utilizadas como D-GW.

DLS1

ip routing

interface Vlan10

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan20

ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan30

ip address 30.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan40

ip address 40.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

DLS2

ip routing

interface Vlan10

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan20

ip address 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan30ip address 30.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan40

ip address 40.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

  Probar conectividad con las interfaces SVI y luego entre sitios.

Deshabilitar FW en los PCs o crear una excepción.

Server WWW

C:\>ipconfig

Configuración IP de Windows

Adaptador Ethernet Conexión de área local :

Estado de los medios. . . .: medios desconectados

Adaptador Ethernet Conexión de área local :

Sufijo de conexión específica DNS :

Dirección IP. . . . . . . . . . . : 40.0.0.10

Máscara de subred . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

Puerta de enlace predeterminada : 40.0.0.1

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C:\>ping 10.0.0.1

Haciendo ping a 10.0.0.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=23ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 10.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=6ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 10.0.0.1:Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 1ms, Máximo = 23ms, Media = 8ms

C:\>ping 20.0.0.1

Haciendo ping a 20.0.0.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=255

Respuesta desde 20.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255Estadísticas de ping para 20.0.0.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 2ms, Media = 1ms

C:\>ping 30.0.0.1

Haciendo ping a 30.0.0.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 30.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 30.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 30.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255Respuesta desde 30.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=6ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 30.0.0.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 1ms, Máximo = 6ms, Media = 2ms

C:\>ping 40.0.0.1

Haciendo ping a 40.0.0.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 40.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 40.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255Respuesta desde 40.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=255

Respuesta desde 40.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo=1ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 40.0.0.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),

Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 2ms, Media = 1ms

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interface Vlan40

ip address 40.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

standby 1 ip 40.0.0.100

standby 1 priority 100

standby 1 preempt

DLS1#sh standby briefP indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Vl1 1 101 P Active local unknown 1.1.1.100

Vl10 1 101 P Active local unknown 10.0.0.100

Vl20 1 101 P Active local unknown 20.0.0.100

Vl30 1 100 P Active local unknown 30.0.0.100

Vl40 1 100 P Active local unknown 40.0.0.100

DLS2

interface Vlan1standby 1 ip 1.1.1.100

standby 1 priority 100

standby 1 preempt

interface Vlan10

standby 1 ip 10.0.0.100

standby 1 priority 100

standby 1 preempt

interface Vlan20

standby 1 ip 20.0.0.100standby 1 priority 100

standby 1 preempt

interface Vlan30

standby 1 ip 30.0.0.100

standby 1 priority 101

standby 1 preempt

interface Vlan40

standby 1 ip 40.0.0.100

standby 1 priority 101standby 1 preempt

DLS1

*Mar 1 05:59:39.701: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan30 Grp 1 state Active -> Speak

*Mar 1 05:59:39.919: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan40 Grp 1 state Active -> Speak

*Mar 1 05:59:50.581: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan40 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby

*Mar 1 05:59:50.883: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan30 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby

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DLS1#show standby brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Vl1 1 101 P Active local 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.100

Vl10 1 101 P Active local 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.100

Vl20 1 101 P Active local 20.0.0.2 20.0.0.100Vl30 1 100 P Standby 30.0.0.2 local 30.0.0.100

Vl40 1 100 P Standby 40.0.0.2 local 40.0.0.100

DLS1#sh standby

Vlan1 - Group 1

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:24:00

Virtual IP address is 1.1.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 secNext hello sent in 2.048 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 1.1.1.2, priority 100 (expires in 10.112 sec)

Priority 101 (configured 101)

Group name is "hsrp-Vl1-1" (default)

Vlan10 - Group 1

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:20:47

Virtual IP address is 10.0.0.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 0.416 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 10.0.0.2, priority 100 (expires in 9.664 sec)

Priority 101 (configured 101)

Group name is "hsrp-Vl10-1" (default)

Vlan20 - Group 1

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:20:48Virtual IP address is 20.0.0.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 0.368 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 20.0.0.2, priority 100 (expires in 8.144 sec)

Priority 101 (configured 101)

Group name is "hsrp-Vl20-1" (default)

Vlan30 - Group 1State is Standby

4 state changes, last state change 00:11:23

Virtual IP address is 30.0.0.100

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HSRP utilizando Routers

Pre LAB

Construir el laboratorio mostrado en el diagrama.Las configuraciones base/iniciales deben cargarse antes de continuar con el laboratorio.

 Formar conectividad entre sitios utilizando enrutamiento estático.

 R1 debe apuntar a la puerta de enlace 172.16.1.100 (IP Virtual)

 R6 debe apuntar a la puerta de enlace 172.16.2.100 (IP Virtual)

Sitio1

R1

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.100

R2

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.1

ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.24.4

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 10.1.24.4

R3

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.1

ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.35.5

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 10.1.35.5

Sitio2

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R6

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.100

R4

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 172.16.2.6

ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.24.2

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.24.2

R5

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 172.16.2.6

ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.35.3

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.35.3

R2#sh ip route static

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 100.6.6.6 [1/0] via 10.1.24.4

S 100.1.1.1 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsS 172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 10.1.24.4

 Configurar R2 como router activo HSRP y R3 backup (STANDBY).

 Configurar R4 como router activo HSRP y R5 backup (STANDBY).

Un router de respaldo debe tomar el rol activo si:

 El enlace Frame-Relay en el router activo no presenta señal de linea (L2)

 El router activo deja de funcionar.

Sitio1

En los routers HSRP definimos la dirección que será usada como puerta de enlace por R1. Modificamos la prioridad

tanto en R2 como en R3, lo importante es que R2 siempre tenga un número de prioridad mayor, la prioridad define

los roles en un dominio HSRP.

Debemos tener en cuenta que HSRP soporta preempt , esto quiere decir que si un router HSRP con una prioridad

mayor se conecta al segmento de red éste dispositivo adoptará el papel de activo, aunque ya exista otro

cumpliendo ese papel.

R2interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 ip 172.16.1.100

standby 10 priority 101

standby 10 preempt

R3

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 ip 172.16.1.100

standby 10 priority 95

standby 10 preempt

R3#debug standby events

HSRP Events debugging is on

*May 16 17:43:10.843: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface up

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*May 16 17:43:10.847: HSRP: Fa0/0 Starting minimum interface delay (1 secs)

*May 16 17:43:11.847: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface min delay expired

*May 16 17:43:11.847: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Init: a/HSRP enabled

*May 16 17:43:11.851: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Init -> Listen

*May 16 17:43:11.855: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Init -> Backup

*May 16 17:43:21.851: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Listen: c/Active timer expired (unknown)

*May 16 17:43:21.855: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Listen -> Speak*May 16 17:43:21.855: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Backup -> Speak

*May 16 17:43:22.779: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Speak: f/Hello rcvd from higher pri Speak router (101/172.16.1.2)

*May 16 17:43:22.783: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Speak -> Listen

*May 16 17:43:22.787: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Speak -> Backup

Verificamos que R2 sea el router activo y R3 el respaldo:

R2#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:55:27

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a 

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 1.744 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 172.16.1.3, priority 95 (expires in 10.112 sec)

Priority 101 (configured 101)Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R3#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Standby

1 state change, last state change 00:55:55

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 2.320 secsPreemption enabled

Active router is 172.16.1.2, priority 101 (expires in 8.272 sec)

Standby router is local

Priority 95 (configured 95)

Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

Sitio2

R4

interface FastEthernet0/0standby 10 ip 172.16.2.100

standby 10 priority 101

standby 10 preempt

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R5

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 ip 172.16.2.100

standby 10 priority 95

standby 10 preempt

R4#show debugging

HSRP:

HSRP Events debugging is on

*May 16 17:51:42.043: HSRP: Fa0/0 API 172.16.2.4 is not an HSRP address

*May 16 17:51:42.159: HSRP: Fa0/0 API 172.16.2.100 is not an HSRP address

*May 16 17:51:42.163: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Disabled -> Init

*May 16 17:51:42.163: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Disabled -> Init

*May 16 17:51:42.211: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Priority 100 -> 101

*May 16 17:51:52.179: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface up

*May 16 17:51:52.183: HSRP: Fa0/0 Starting minimum interface delay (1 secs)*May 16 17:51:53.179: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface min delay expired

*May 16 17:51:53.179: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Init: a/HSRP enabled

*May 16 17:51:53.183: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Init -> Listen

*May 16 17:51:53.183: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Init -> Backup

*May 16 17:52:03.183: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Listen: c/Active timer expired (unknown)

*May 16 17:52:03.187: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Listen -> Speak

*May 16 17:52:03.187: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Backup -> Speak

*May 16 17:52:13.187: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Speak: d/Standby timer expired (unknown)

*May 16 17:52:13.191: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Standby router is local

*May 16 17:52:13.191: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Speak -> Standby

*May 16 17:52:13.195: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Speak -> Standby*May 16 17:52:13.195: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Speak -> Standby

*May 16 17:52:13.687: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Standby: c/Active timer expired (unknown)

*May 16 17:52:13.691: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Active router is local

*May 16 17:52:13.691: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Standby router is unknown, was local

*May 16 17:52:13.695: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Standby -> Active

*May 16 17:52:13.695: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Standby -> Active

*May 16 17:52:13.699: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" state Standby -> Active

*May 16 17:52:16.707: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy group hsrp-Fa0/0-10 state Active -> Active

*May 16 17:52:19.711: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 10 Redundancy group hsrp-Fa0/0-10 state Active -> Active

R4#show standbyFastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 01:04:37

Virtual IP address is 172.16.2.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 2.048 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 172.16.2.5, priority 95 (expires in 10.112 sec)Priority 101 (configured 101)

Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

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R5#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Standby

1 state change, last state change 01:04:40

Virtual IP address is 172.16.2.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 0.896 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is 172.16.2.4, priority 101 (expires in 9.920 sec)

Standby router is local

Priority 95 (configured 95)

Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

Comprobamos que camino toman los paquetes utilizando una traza desde R1 a R6 y desde R6 a R1.

R1#traceroute 172.16.2.6 probe 1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 172.16.2.6

1 172.16.1.2 32 msec

2 10.1.24.4 88 msec

3 172.16.2.6 128 msec

R6#traceroute 100.1.1.1 probe 1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 100.1.1.11 172.16.2.4 36 msec

2 10.1.24.2 104 msec

3 172.16.1.1 120 msec

Tener presente que no debemos establecer cualquier número en la prioridad (esto aplica tanto a VRRP como

HSRP). Debe ser consistente con el valor de decremento, es decir, si por ejemplo R2 con prioridad 100 no tiene

señal del enlace FR, este disminuirá su prioridad en 10. Si R3 tiene configurada una prioridad HSRP de 90 se

producirá un problema (ambos routers con la misma prioridad), el proceso HSRP tomará como router activo el que

tenga la dirección IP mayor, y puede darse la casualidad que sea el mismo router que debería pasar al modo

Standby. Para evitar esto debemos establecer números relativamente cercanos, por ejemplo 101 para el routeractivo, y 95 para el router respaldo, si el activo cae disminuye a 91 su prioridad, el respaldo con 95 toma de

inmediato el rol activo.

Un router de respaldo debe tomar el rol activo si:

 

El enlace Frame-Relay en el router activo no presenta señal de linea (L2)

 El router activo deja de funcionar.

Para testear el enlace Frame-Relay podemos utilizar el comando track como se muestra a continuación:

Si protocolo de línea (line protocol) está down R2 disminuirá en 10 su prioridad dejando que R3 tome el rol de

active. Recordemos que la prioridad de R2 es de 101, con 10 menso tenemos 91, en contraposición a R3 que fue

configurado con prioridad 95.

Sitio1

R2

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track 23 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 track 23 decrement 10

R3

track 23 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 track 23 decrement 10

R2#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:18:33

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 2.276 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 172.16.1.3, priority 95 (expires in 7.956 sec)

Priority 101 (configured 101)

Track object 23 state Up decrement 10

IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R3#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10State is Standby

1 state change, last state change 00:18:31

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 1.296 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is 172.16.1.2, priority 101 (expires in 9.644 sec)

Standby router is local

Priority 95 (configured 95)Track object 23 state Up decrement 10

IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

Sitio2

R4

track 45 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

interface FastEthernet0/0standby 10 track 45 decrement 10

R5

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track 45 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 track 45 decrement 10

R4#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:11:01

Virtual IP address is 172.16.2.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 1.808 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 172.16.2.5, priority 95 (expires in 7.320 sec)

Priority 101 (configured 101)Track object 45 state Up decrement 10

IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R5#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Standby

1 state change, last state change 00:10:57

Virtual IP address is 172.16.2.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 secNext hello sent in 2.780 secs

Preemption enabled

Active router is 172.16.2.4, priority 101 (expires in 8.312 sec)

Standby router is local

Priority 95 (configured 95)

Track object 45 state Up decrement 10

IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

Para comprobar como funciona este esquema generamos en R2 desactivamos la interface serial. Y verificamos el

cambio de prioridad en R2.

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0 

R2(config-if)#shutdown 

R2#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Speak

3 state changes, last state change 00:00:06

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0aLocal virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 2.748 secs

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Preemption enabled

Active router is 172.16.1.3, priority 95 (expires in 9.824 sec)

Standby router is unknown

Priority 91 (configured 101)

Track object 23 state Down decrement 10

IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R2#*May 16 18:04:40.735: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Speak -> Standby

R3#show standby brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface Grp Prio P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Fa0/0 10 95 P Active local 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.100

A pesar de todos los esfuerzos no se produce el comportamiento esperado, R1 pierde conectividad con R6.La razón es que ciertas tecnologías L2 como Frame-Relay son localmente significativas y solo requieren mantener

conexión con el SW FR local; en nuestro caso, la serial de R2 está caída. Recordemos que R4 sigue sondenando el

line protocol en localmente pero no decrementa su prioridad.

R1#ping 100.6.6.6

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.6.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R2#show ip int brief serial 1/0

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

Serial1/0 10.1.24.2 YES manual administratively down down

R4 no se entera que hay un problema en el cable puesto que la interface que conecta R4 con el SW Frame-Relay

está UP:

R4#show ip int brief serial 1/0

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolSerial1/0 10.1.24.4 YES manual up up

R2#show standby all brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Fa0/0 10 91 P Standby 172.16.1.3 local 172.16.1.100

R3#show standby all brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Fa0/0 10 95 P Active local 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.100

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Puesto que R2 testea el enlace y nota de inmediato que la interface serial 1/0 está caída, se convierte en Stanby

HSRP en Sitio1, sin embargo, no sucede lo mismo en Sitio2 y R4 sigue actuando como router activo a pesar de no

tener conectividad con R2. Podemos solucionar este problema con alguno protocolo de enrutamiento interior

(IGP) que genere keepalive, o generar artificialmente keepalive usando IP SLA, como veremos más adelante.

Si volvemos a levantar la interface serial de R2 veremos el comportamiento de preempt. El tracking comprueba

ahora que la interface serial está UP. R2 se publica a si mismo con una prioridad de 101 en HSRP que es mayor que95 de R3, y se convierte nuevamente en el router activo.

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0 

R2(config-if)#no shutdown 

R2#show standby all brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Fa0/0 10 101 P Active local 172.16.1.3 172.16.1.100

Para corregir el problema y mantener conectividad entre los sitios podemos utilizar una combinación de IP SLA y

tracking. IP SLA nos permiten en esta sección sondear las seriales de nuestros vecinos, vale decir, la actividad que

se produce a través de todo el enlace FR.

La forma de configurar SLA varía entre plataformas. La que presentamos aquí corresponde al IOS 12.4(20)T

R2

ip sla 10

icmp-echo 10.1.24.4

frequency 5ip sla schedule 10 life forever start-time now

track 10 ip sla 10 reachability

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 preempt delay minimum 1

standby 10 track 10 decrement 10

R3

ip sla 10

icmp-echo 10.1.35.5frequency 5

ip sla schedule 10 life forever start-time now

track 10 ip sla 10 reachability

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 preempt delay minimum 1

standby 10 track 10 decrement 10

R4ip sla 10

icmp-echo 10.1.24.2

frequency 5

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ip sla schedule 10 life forever start-time now

track 10 ip sla 10 reachability

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 preempt delay minimum 1

standby 10 track 10 decrement 10

R5

ip sla 10

icmp-echo 10.1.35.3

frequency 5

ip sla schedule 10 life forever start-time now

track 10 ip sla 10 reachability

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 10 preempt delay minimum 1standby 10 track 10 decrement 10

R2(config-if)#int s1/0 

R2(config-if)#shutdown 

R2(config-if)#

%TRACKING-5-STATE: 23 interface Se1/0 line-protocol Up->Down

R2(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to administratively down

R2(config-if)#

%ENTITY_ALARM-6-INFO: ASSERT INFO Se1/0 Physical Port Administrative State Down

R2(config-if)#%HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Active -> Speak

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to down

R2(config-if)#

%TRACKING-5-STATE: 10 ip sla 10 reachability Up->Down

R2(config-if)#

%HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Speak -> Standby

Como podemos ver R2 y R4 cambian de estado Active a Standby. R3 y R5 cambian de estado Standby a Active. Es

el comportamiento deseado.

R2#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Standby

9 state changes, last state change 00:01:56

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 1.904 secs

Preemption enabled, delay min 1 secsActive router is 172.16.1.3, priority 95 (expires in 10.896 sec)

Standby router is local

Priority 81 (configured 101)

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Operation time to live: Forever

R4#show ip sla statistics

IPSLAs Latest Operation Statistics

IPSLA operation id: 10

Latest RTT: NoConnection/Busy/TimeoutLatest operation start time: *22:39:16.122 UTC Wed Mar 17 2010

Latest operation return code: Timeout

Number of successes: 0

Number of failures: 177

Operation time to live: Forever

R5#show ip sla statistics

IPSLAs Latest Operation Statistics

IPSLA operation id: 10

Latest RTT: 32 millisecondsLatest operation start time: *22:39:39.830 UTC Wed Mar 17 2010

Latest operation return code: OK

Number of successes: 357

Number of failures: 0

Operation time to live: Forever

Rehabilitamos el enlace R2/R4

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0 

R2(config-if)#no shutdown 

R2(config-if)#%TRACKING-5-STATE: 23 interface Se1/0 line-protocol Down->Up

R2(config-if)#

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#

%ENTITY_ALARM-6-INFO: CLEAR INFO Se1/0 Physical Port Administrative State Down

R2(config-if)#

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#

%TRACKING-5-STATE: 10 ip sla 10 reachability Down->Up

R2#

%HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Standby -> Active

R1#traceroute 172.16.2.6

1 172.16.1.2 84 msec 72 msec 28 msec

2 10.1.24.4 76 msec 40 msec 72 msec

3 172.16.2.6 120 msec * 100 msec

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HSRP Balanceo

 

Configure direccionamiento mostrado (incluyendo la red Broadcast). Configure FR p2p entre R1-R2 y R1-R3

respetando el esquema de direccionamiento que aparece en la figura.

R1

interface Serial1/0

encapsulation frame-relay

no shut

interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point

ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0

frame-relay interface-dlci 102

interface Serial1/0.13 point-to-point

ip address 10.1.13.1 255.255.255.0

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frame-relay interface-dlci 103

R2

interface Serial1/0

encapsulation frame-relay

no shut

interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point

ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0

frame-relay interface-dlci 201

R3

interface Serial1/0

encapsulation frame-relay

no shut

interface Serial1/0.13 point-to-point

ip address 10.1.13.3 255.255.255.0frame-relay interface-dlci 301

R1#show frame-relay map

Serial1/0.12 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), broadcast

status defined, active

Serial1/0.13 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), broadcast

status defined, active

R1#show frame-relay pvc | i STATUS

DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0.12

DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0.13

R1#ping 10.1.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/34/48 ms

R1#ping 10.1.13.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.13.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/40/60 ms

R2

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.1.100.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

R3

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.1.100.3 255.255.255.0

no shut

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R4

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.1.100.4 255.255.255.0

no shut

R5

interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 10.1.100.5 255.255.255.0

no shut

R4#ping 255.255.255.255 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 255.255.255.255, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 10.1.100.5, 60 ms

Reply to request 0 from 10.1.100.2, 124 ms

Reply to request 0 from 10.1.100.3, 120 ms

  En R1 configure una ruta estátiva apuntando a la red LAN 10.1.100.0/24 a través de R2.

  En R1 configure una ruta estátiva apuntando a la red LAN 10.1.100.0/24 a través de R2.

  En R2 configure una ruta estática apuntando a la IP 100.1.1.1.

  En R3 configure una ruta estática apuntando a la IP 100.1.1.1.

  R4 y R5 deben crear una ruta por defecto apuntando a la IP virtual 10.1.100.10.

R1

ip route 10.1.100.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.12.2

ip route 10.1.100.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.13.3

R2

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.12.1

R3

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.13.1

R4

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.100.10

R5ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.100.10

 

Configure HSRP de manera que R2 sea el router activo y R3 el router stand-by. Utilizar IP virtual

10.1.100.10. Utilizar grupo 1. R3 debe mantener su prioridad por defecto.

 

Probar conectividad entre R4-R5 e IP virtual luego conectividad a IP 100.1.1.1. Utilice ping y tracert.

R2

interface FastEthernet0/0standby 1 ip 10.1.100.10

standby 1 priority 200

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R3

key chain ZZTOP

key 1

key-string duoc.com

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 1 authentication md5 key-chain ZZTOP

R2#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:38:57

Virtual IP address is 10.1.100.10

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 0.144 secs

Authentication MD5, key-chain "ZZTOP"Preemption disabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 10.1.100.3, priority 100 (expires in 9.600 sec)

Priority 200 (configured 200)

Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" (default)

  R3 y R2 deben tomar el rol activo después de finalizado el holdtime.

R2interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 1 preempt

R3

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 1 preempt

R2#show standby

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1

State is Active

2 state changes, last state change 00:45:45Virtual IP address is 10.1.100.10

Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01

Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)

Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec

Next hello sent in 2.528 secs

Authentication MD5, key-chain "ZZTOP"

Preemption enabled

Active router is local

Standby router is 10.1.100.3, priority 100 (expires in 8.704 sec)

Priority 200 (configured 200)

Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" (default)

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  Modificar los interveslos hello y holdtime a 2 y 6 segundos respectivamente

R2

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 1 timers 2 6

R3

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 1 timers 2 6

R2#show standby | include Hello

Hello time 2 sec, hold time 6 sec

  Crear una nueva DG con la IP virtual 10.1.100.11. Utilice grupo 2.

 

Configurar R4 para que su DG sea la IP 10.1.100.11. R4 debe utilizar a R3 para alcanzar la IP 100.1.1.1.

R2

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 2 ip 10.1.100.11

standby 2 priority 95

standby 2 preempt

R3

interface FastEthernet0/0

standby 2 ip 10.1.100.11

standby 2 priority 105

standby 2 preempt

R2#show standby brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Fa0/0 1 200 P Active local 10.1.100.3 10.1.100.10

Fa0/0 2 95 P Standby 10.1.100.3 local 10.1.100.11

R3#show standby brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP

Fa0/0 1 100 P Standby 10.1.100.2 local 10.1.100.10

Fa0/0 2 105 P Active local 10.1.100.2 10.1.100.11

R4

no ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.100.10

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.100.11

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R4#traceroute 100.1.1.1 probe 1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 100.1.1.1

1 10.1.100.3 36 msec

2 10.1.13.1 80 msec

R5#traceroute 100.1.1.1 probe 1Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 100.1.1.1

1 10.1.100.2 64 msec

2 10.1.12.1 52 msec

  Los routers deben enviar traps HSRP al NNS con la dirección 172.16.1.1

R2

snmp-server enable traps hsrp

snmp-server host 172.16.1.1 public hsrp

R3

snmp-server enable traps hsrp

snmp-server host 172.16.1.1 public hsrp

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VRRP utilizando Routers

Pre LAB

Construir el laboratorio mostrado en el diagrama.Las configuraciones base/iniciales deben cargarse antes de continuar con el laboratorio.

Utilizaremos equilibrado de carga (Load-Sharing)

 Formar conectividad entre sitios utilizando enrutamiento estático.

 R1 debe apuntar a la puerta de enlace 172.16.1.100 (IP Virtual)

 R6 debe apuntar a la puerta de enlace 172.16.2.100 (IP Virtual)

R1ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.100

R2

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.1

ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.24.4

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 10.1.24.4

R3

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.1

ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.35.5

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 10.1.35.5

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Sitio2

R6

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.100

R4

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 172.16.2.6ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.24.2

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.24.2

R5

ip route 100.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 172.16.2.6

ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.35.3

ip route 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.35.3

 

Configurar R2 como Master VRRP y R3 Backup para la ip address 172.16.1.100

 Configurar R2 como Master VRRP y R3 Backup para la ip address 172.16.2.100

R2

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.1.100

vrrp 10 priority 150

vrrp 10 preempt

R3

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.1.100

vrrp 10 priority 100

vrrp 10 preempt

R2#show vrrp

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Master

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a

Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Preemption enabled

Priority is 150

Master Router is 172.16.1.2 (local), priority is 150

Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Master Down interval is 3.414 sec

R3#show vrrp

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Backup

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a

Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Preemption enabled

Priority is 100

Master Router is 172.16.1.2, priority is 150

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Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Master Down interval is 3.609 sec (expires in 3.253 sec)

R4

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.2.100

vrrp 10 priority 150vrrp 10 preempt

R5

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.2.100

vrrp 10 priority 100

vrrp 10 preempt

R4#show vrrp

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is MasterVirtual IP address is 172.16.2.100

Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a

Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Preemption enabled

Priority is 150

Master Router is 172.16.2.4 (local), priority is 150

Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Master Down interval is 3.414 sec

R5#show vrrp

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10State is Backup

Virtual IP address is 172.16.2.100

Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a

Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Preemption enabled

Priority is 100

Master Router is 172.16.2.4, priority is 150

Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Master Down interval is 3.609 sec (expires in 3.545 sec)

R1#ping 172.16.1.100Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/46/80 ms

R2 es el Master VRRP por tanto es el GW de salida para alcanzar a R6.

R1#traceroute 172.16.2.6

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 172.16.2.6

1 172.16.1.2 128 msec 64 msec 28 msec

2 10.1.24.4 72 msec 60 msec 52 msec

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3 172.16.2.6 108 msec * 116 msec

Un router de respaldo debe tomar el rol activo si:

 El enlace HDLC en el router activo no presenta señal de línea (L2)

 El router activo deja de funcionar.

Esta tarea requiere utilizar el comando track para determinar el estado de la interface serial. Considerar que el

valor de decremento de VRRP para el track es de 10, este valor no es suficiente para que el router Backup asuma el

papel de Master. Lo modificamos a 60 en R2 y R4.

R2

track 10 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

carrier-delay

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 track 10 decrement 60

R3

track 10 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

carrier-delay

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 track 10

R4

track 10 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

carrier-delay

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 track 10 decrement 60

R5

track 10 interface Serial1/0 line-protocol

carrier-delay

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 track 10

Verificación

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0 

R2(config-if)#shutdown 

R2(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to administratively down

%ENTITY_ALARM-6-INFO: ASSERT INFO Se1/0 Physical Port Administrative State Down

R2(config-if)#

%TRACKING-5-STATE: 10 interface Se1/0 line-protocol Up->Down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to down

R2(config-if)#

%VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 10 state Master -> Backup

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R2#show vrrp

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Backup

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100

Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a

Advertisement interval is 1.000 secPreemption enabled

Priority is 90 (cfgd 150)

Track object 10 state Down decrement 60

Master Router is 172.16.1.3, priority is 100

Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Master Down interval is 3.414 sec (expires in 2.918 sec)

R3#show vrrp

FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10

State is Master

Virtual IP address is 172.16.1.100Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a

Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Preemption enabled

Priority is 100

Track object 10 state Up decrement 10

Master Router is 172.16.1.3 (local), priority is 100

Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec

Master Down interval is 3.609 sec

Los routers R2 y R4 bajan su prioridad al no detectar señal , por tanto el camino (path) que sigue R1 para alcanzara R6 es ahora a través del enlace R3/R5.

Tanto R2 como R4 ahora son Backup. Notar que el decremento de las prioridades en ambos es de 90. Como R3 y

R5 tienen la prioridad por defecto 100 son ahora routers VRRP Masters.

R1#traceroute 172.16.2.6

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 172.16.2.6

1 172.16.1.3 68 msec 60 msec 40 msec

2 10.1.35.5 84 msec 40 msec 60 msec

3 172.16.2.6 124 msec * 104 msec

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Load Sharing

 Borrar configuración VRRP anterior y subir interface serial de R2.

En R2/R3/R4/R5

(config-if)#no vrrp 10 

R2(config-if)#int s1/0 

R2(config-if)#no shutdown 

 Configurar R2 como Master VRRP y R3 Backup para la dirección IP 172.16.1.100.

 Configurar R2 como Backup VRRP y R3 Master para la dirección IP 172.16.1.101.

 Configurar R4 como Master VRRP y R5 Backup para la dirección IP 172.16.2.100.

 

Configurar R4 como Backup VRRP y R5 Master para la dirección IP 172.16.2.101.

R1 y R6 deben tener dos rutas estaticas con igual distancia administrativa (AD 69)para que exista balance de carga.

R1

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.101 69

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.100 69

R1#sh ip route static

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [69/0] via 172.16.1.101

[69/0] via 172.16.1.100

R6

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.101 69

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.100 69

R6#sh ip route static

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [69/0] via 172.16.2.101

[69/0] via 172.16.2.100

Para lograr que la carga se comparta entre los dos puntos de salida, debemos crear dos procesos en VRRP. Unrouter actúa para un proceso como Master y para el otro como Backup.

R2

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.1.100

vrrp 10 priority 200

vrrp 20 ip 172.16.1.101

no vrrp 20 preempt

R3interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.1.100

no vrrp 10 preempt

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vrrp 20 ip 172.16.1.101

vrrp 20 priority 200

R2#show vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr

Fa0/0 10 200 3218 Y Master 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.100

Fa0/0 20 100 3609 Backup 172.16.1.3 172.16.1.101

R3#show vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr

Fa0/0 10 100 3609 Backup 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.100

Fa0/0 20 200 3218 Y Master 172.16.1.3 172.16.1.101

R4

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.2.100

vrrp 10 priority 200

vrrp 20 ip 172.16.2.101no vrrp 20 preempt

R5

interface FastEthernet0/0

vrrp 10 ip 172.16.2.100

no vrrp 10 preempt

vrrp 20 ip 172.16.2.101

vrrp 20 priority 200

R4#show vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addrFa0/0 10 200 3218 Y Master 172.16.2.4 172.16.2.100

Fa0/0 20 100 3609 Backup 172.16.2.5 172.16.2.101

R5#show vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr

Fa0/0 10 100 3609 Backup 172.16.2.4 172.16.2.100

Fa0/0 20 200 3218 Y Master 172.16.2.5 172.16.2.101

Verificamos que el trafico fluya a través de ambos routers R2/R3 en Sitio1

R1#traceroute 172.16.2.6

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 172.16.2.6

1 172.16.1.3 120 msec

172.16.1.2 60 msec

172.16.1.3 44 msec

2 10.1.24.4 44 msec

10.1.35.5 48 msec10.1.24.4 44 msec

3 172.16.2.6 168 msec * 176 msec

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Verificamos que el trafico fluya a través de ambos routers R4/R5 en Sitio2

R6#traceroute 172.16.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 172.16.1.1

1 172.16.2.4 64 msec

172.16.2.5 108 msec

172.16.2.4 44 msec

2 10.1.35.3 56 msec

10.1.24.2 88 msec

10.1.35.3 68 msec

3 172.16.1.1 180 msec * 128 msec

Seguridad L2 

Overflow AttackHabilite el puerto FastEthernet 0/24 de ALS1 como puerto de acceso para la VLAN 10

ALS1

vlan 10

interface FastEthernet0/24

switchport access vlan 10

switchport mode Access

ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gi0/1

Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/24

ALS1

interface Vlan10

ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0

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no shutdown

ALS1#show mac-address-table interface fastEthernet 0/24

Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----10 50b7.c307.a19d DYNAMIC Fa0/24

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 1

PC1

Adaptador de Ethernet Ethernet:

Sufijo DNS específico para la conexión. . :

Descripción . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controlle

r

Dirección física. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 50-B7-C3-07-A1-9D

DHCP habilitado . . . . . . . . . . . . . : síConfiguración automática habilitada . . . : sí

Vínculo: dirección IPv6 local. . . : fe80::e01f:70bc:4361:24fc%12(Preferido)

Dirección IPv4 de configuración automática: 169.254.36.252(Preferido)

Máscara de subred . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0

Puerta de enlace predeterminada . . . . . :

IAID DHCPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 266863514

DUID de cliente DHCPv6. . . . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-19-20-34-FE-50-B7-C3-

07-A1-9D

Servidores DNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1

fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1

NetBIOS sobre TCP/IP. . . . . . . . . . . : habilitado

  Habilitamos MACOF.

ALS1#show mac-address-table count

Mac Entries for Vlan 1:

---------------------------

Dynamic Address Count : 1Static Address Count : 0

Total Mac Addresses : 1

Mac Entries for Vlan 10:

---------------------------

Dynamic Address Count : 1

Static Address Count : 0

Total Mac Addresses : 1

Total Mac Address Space Available: 7948 

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ALS1#show mac-address-table interface fastEthernet 0/24

Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----

10 0009.7252.ac80 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 000d.ce5e.a8d8 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 000d.dd6d.9634 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0010.6a35.66b9 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0012.c941.7800 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0013.2974.8c4d DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0019.f71a.0e80 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 001a.1d32.baee DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0026.3a54.0e86 DYNAMIC Fa0/2410 0027.922f.791a DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0029.165f.a6e2 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0032.c36d.57e4 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

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10 0035.b663.a1c7 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 0039.8211.5365 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 003a.9a53.15ef DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 003a.ce27.57a2 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 003c.374c.2505 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 003c.b762.b981 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

10 003d.6c70.3de3 DYNAMIC Fa0/24

ALS1#show mac-address-table count

Mac Entries for Vlan 1:

---------------------------

Dynamic Address Count : 5

Static Address Count : 0

Total Mac Addresses : 5

Mac Entries for Vlan 10:

---------------------------

Dynamic Address Count : 8067

Static Address Count : 0Total Mac Addresses : 8067

Total Mac Address Space Available: 0

  En el puerto FastEthernet 0/24 solo permitir una sola MAC origen. En caso de superar el número de MACs

la interface debe quedar en estado err-disable.

Nota: Al configurar port-security sin argumentos solo pemrite una sola dirección MAC por la interface configurada.

ALS1#clear mac-address-table dynamic

ALS1#show mac-address-table count

Mac Entries for Vlan 1:

---------------------------

Dynamic Address Count : 5

Static Address Count : 0

Total Mac Addresses : 5

Mac Entries for Vlan 10:

---------------------------

Dynamic Address Count : 1

Static Address Count : 0

Total Mac Addresses : 1

Total Mac Address Space Available: 7544

ALS1#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/24

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 122 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/24

switchport access vlan 10

switchport mode accessswitchport port-security

end

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  Habilitamos MACOF y comprobamos que a través del puerto FastEhternet 0/24

ALS1#

%PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: psecure-violation error detected on Fa0/24, putting Fa0/24 in err-disable state

%PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC address 16f2.b324.6763 on

port FastEthernet0/24.

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to down

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to down

ALS1#show interfaces status err-disabled

Port Name Status Reason

Fa0/24 err-disabled psecure-violation

ALS1#show mac-address-table interface fastEthernet 0/24

Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----

ALS1#show port-security interface fastEthernet 0/24

Port Security : Enabled

Port Status : Secure-shutdown

Violation Mode : Shutdown

Aging Time : 0 mins

Aging Type : Absolute

SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled

Maximum MAC Addresses : 1

Total MAC Addresses : 0

Configured MAC Addresses : 0

Sticky MAC Addresses : 0Last Source Address:Vlan : 50b7.c307.a19d:10

Security Violation Count : 1

ALS1#show port-security address

Secure Mac Address Table

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports Remaining Age

(mins)

---- ----------- ---- ----- -------------

10 50b7.c307.a19d SecureDynamic Fa0/24 -

------------------------------------------------------------------------Total Addresses in System (excluding one mac per port) : 0

Max Addresses limit in System (excluding one mac per port) : 8192

 

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  Permita 10 MAC origen en la interface fastEthernet 0/24, en caso que se supere este número el proceso la

interface se debe mantener activa pero no procesando las MACs adicionales.

Nota: para volver a activar el puerto debemos entrar a la interface y resetearla.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24

switchport port-security maximum 10

switchport port-security

switchport port-security violation protect

ALS1#show interfaces status | begin Fa0/24

Fa0/24 connected 10 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX

Gi0/1 notconnect 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX

Gi0/2 notconnect 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX

ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/24 summary

*: interface is up

IHQ: pkts in input hold queue IQD: pkts dropped from input queue

OHQ: pkts in output hold queue OQD: pkts dropped from output queue

RXBS: rx rate (bits/sec) RXPS: rx rate (pkts/sec)

TXBS: tx rate (bits/sec) TXPS: tx rate (pkts/sec)

TRTL: throttle count

Interface IHQ IQD OHQ OQD RXBS RXPS TXBS TXPS TRTL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

* FastEthernet0/24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

  Habilitamos MACOF

Nota. Podemos observar el LED del switch para el puerto en cuestión con mucha actividad en cuanto se aplica

MACOF.

ALS1#show mac-address-table interface fastEthernet 0/24

Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----

10 0800.2731.0471 STATIC Fa0/24

10 2a14.a76a.7db9 STATIC Fa0/2410 4ce5.e74d.8fe7 STATIC Fa0/24

10 501b.7b6d.b8f2 STATIC Fa0/24

10 50b7.c307.a19d STATIC Fa0/24

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10 548e.e961.71e5 STATIC Fa0/24

10 56ac.330b.57d3 STATIC Fa0/24

10 7223.943d.3829 STATIC Fa0/24

10 9ece.7d5c.4520 STATIC Fa0/24

10 a270.a12a.e326 STATIC Fa0/24

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 10

  Permita 10 MAC origen en la interface fastEthernet 0/24, en caso que se supere este número el proceso la

interface se debe mantener activa y enviar mensajes de consola y SNMP.

Nota: Al activar switchport port-security violation restrict se enviará un mensaje a la consola cada 5 segundos.

Además de enviar traps en caso que SNMP esté configurado.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24

switchport port-security maximum 10

switchport port-security

switchport port-security violation restrict

ALS1#show interfaces status | begin Fa0/24

Fa0/24 connected 10 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX

Gi0/1 notconnect 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX

Gi0/2 notconnect 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX

ALS1#show ip interface brief fastEthernet 0/24

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/24 unassigned YES unset up up

  Habilitamos MACOF

ALS1#

03:28:39: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC address

1037.c012.148d on port FastEthernet0/24.

ALS1#

03:28:44: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC address

c0e0.5b15.8406 on port FastEthernet0/24.

ALS1#03:28:49: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC address

78ad.b573.942d on port FastEthernet0/24.

ALS1#

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03:28:54: %PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC address

2e44.ad42.0a4a on port FastEthernet0/24.

ALS1#show mac-address-table interface fastEthernet 0/24 vlan 10

Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports---- ----------- -------- -----

10 0800.2731.0471 STATIC Fa0/24

10 2a14.a76a.7db9 STATIC Fa0/24

10 4ce5.e74d.8fe7 STATIC Fa0/24

10 501b.7b6d.b8f2 STATIC Fa0/24

10 50b7.c307.a19d STATIC Fa0/24

10 548e.e961.71e5 STATIC Fa0/24

10 56ac.330b.57d3 STATIC Fa0/24

10 7223.943d.3829 STATIC Fa0/24

10 9ece.7d5c.4520 STATIC Fa0/24

10 a270.a12a.e326 STATIC Fa0/24Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 10

Switch Spoofing

Habilite Yersinia para DTP de manera que se forme un trunk entre el PC y el puerto FasEthernet0/24 del switch.

Para que se forme el trunk debemos utilizar DTP. Si una interface está habilitada con Dynamic Trunk Protocol (valor

por defecto) Yersinia puede formar un trunk y recibir información que transporta el mismo (VLANs).

Para que se forme el trunk la interface debe estar en modo dynamic auto o dynamic desirable. El valor por defecto

para el Catalyst 2960 es Administrative Mode: dynamic auto. Una manera de evitar este problema es deshabilitar

DTP.

ALS1

default interface fastEthernet 0/24

PC

Adaptador de Ethernet Ethernet:

Dirección física. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 50-B7-C3-07-A1-9D

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ALS1#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/24 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/24 auto 802.1q not-trunking  1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/24 1

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/24 1Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/24 none

ALS1#sh interfaces fa0/24 switchport

Name: Fa0/24

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto

Operational Mode: static Access

La salida anterior nos muestra el modo administrativo del puerto Fa0/24 además de el status del trunk not-

trunking. Ahora, al activar el modo enabling trunking en Yersinia se formará un trunk utilizando DTP.

ALS1#sh debugging

DTP:

DTP events debugging is on

*Mar 1 00:27:38.226: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk _process.c:2200

*Mar 1 00:27:39.233: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to

down

*Mar 1 00:27:39.283: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk _process.c:2200*Mar 1 00:27:40.340: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk _process.c:2200

*Mar 1 00:27:42.252: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to up

ALS1#

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*Mar 1 00:28:12.074: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk_process.c:2200

*Mar 1 00:28:44.873: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk_process.c:2200

*Mar 1 00:29:17.664: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk_process.c:2200

*Mar 1 00:29:50.456: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk_process.c:2200

*Mar 1 00:30:23.247: DTP-event:Fa0/24:Received packet event ../dyntrk/dyntrk_process.c:2200

ALS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/24 auto 802.1q trunking  1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/24 1-4094

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/24 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/24 1

ALS1#

Para evitar este ataque podemos establecer el puerto en modo acceso.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24

switchport mode access

switchport nonegotiate

ALS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/24 switchport

Name: Fa0/24

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: static access

Operational Mode: static accessAdministrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native

ALS1#sh interfaces fastEthernet 0/24 trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/24 off 802.1q not-trunking  1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/24 1

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/24 1

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not prunedFa0/24 1

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CDP Attack

  Habilite CDP attack utilizando Yersinia.

Este ataque degrada enormemente el desempeño del switch puesto que inunda con miles de entradas CDP

colapsando la memoria. En este ejmplo se ha utilizado el Catalyst 2960 dejándolo inoperable mientras es atacado.

EL indicador de puerto comienza a parpadear rápidamente, luego pasa a ambar y finalmente cae.

ALS1#show debugging

Generic VLAN Manager:

vlan manager packets debugging is on

Condition 1: interface Fa0/24 (1 flags triggered)

Flags: Fa0/24

ALS1#

04:35:17204524532: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (2138)msecs, more than (2000)msecs (132/26),process =HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= 4C92C8 3A2D24 3A3244 BDD138 BD470C

04:35:30064771072: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (4275)msecs, more than (2000)msecs (235/26),process =

HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= 3C7718 3C8528 3C949C 3AD0C8 12A574 12BC74 3A6DF8 3A715C 3A7290 3A3094 3A3244 BDD138

BD470C

04:35:42949672992: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (6415)msecs, more tha

ALS1#n (2000)msecs (343/26),process = HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= 355738 355B28 5AECBC 3AD2F8 12A574 12BC74 3A6DF8 3A715C 3A7290 3A3094 3A3244 BDD138

BD470C

04:35:56673435648: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (8551)msecs, more than (2000)msecs (444/26),process =HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= 3BD898 3C888C 3C89A0 3C8A8C 3C94E4 3AD378 12A574 12BC74 3A6DF8 3A715C 3A7290 3A3094

3A3244 BDD138 BD470C

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04:35:68719476736: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (10688)msecs, more than (200

ALS1#0)msecs (547/26),process = HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= 3BD518 3C8528 3C949C 3AD0C8 12A574 12BC74 3A6DF8 3A715C 3A7290 3A3094 3A3244 BDD138

BD470C

04:35:81629033244: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (12809)msecs, more than (2000)msecs (608/26),process

= HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= B99038 B99438 3C8E74 3C7200 3AD3AC 12A574 12BC74 3A6DF8 3A715C 3A7290 3A3094 3A3244BDD138 BD470C

04:35:90218967836: %SYS-3-CPUHOG: Task is running for (14906)msecs, more than (2000)msecs (608

ALS1#/26),process = HLFM address learning process.

-Traceback= B99030 B99438 3C8E74 3C7200 3AD3AC 12A574 12BC74 3A6DF8 3A715C 3A7290 3A3094 3A3244

BDD138 BD470C

04:35:23: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

ALS1#show cdp neighbors

Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge

S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - Phone

Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID

222JJJX Fas 0/24 216 R T S H I yersinia Eth 0

2EEEWWW Fas 0/24 184 B I yersinia Eth 0

3KKKXXX Fas 0/24 185 H I yersinia Eth 0

222EEEW Fas 0/24 186 T B S I r yersinia Eth 0

2IIWWWE Fas 0/24 184 B H yersinia Eth 0

444LLLY Fas 0/24 184 I r yersinia Eth 0

3KKKYYY Fas 0/24 185 T S H I yersinia Eth 0

444LLLZ Fas 0/24 185 R S H yersinia Eth 0

EEEWWW0 Fas 0/24 184 R T B r yersinia Eth 0

DVVV000 Fas 0/24 186 R B r yersinia Eth 05MMMZZZ Fas 0/24 184 R T B H yersinia Eth 0

YCCCUU9 Fas 0/24 185 T I yersinia Eth 0

1DDDVVV Fas 0/24 185 R T S I r yersinia Eth 0

1DDVVVD Fas 0/24 184 R B S H I r yersinia Eth 0

5LLLZZZ Fas 0/24 184 R T B H yersinia Eth 0

EVVV000 Fas 0/24 184 R B r yersinia Eth 0

111DDDV Fas 0/24 183 R B S I r yersinia Eth 0

555LLLZ Fas 0/24 183 R I r yersinia Eth 0

111EEEW Fas 0/24 184 T yersinia Eth 0

ARRR000 Fas 0/24 183 R S H I r yersinia Eth 0

--More— 

  Deshabilitar CDP en la interface Fa0/24

Nota: una manera de mitigar un ataque CDP es deshabilitar CDP ya sea globalmente o por puerto. Se verá actividad

por parte del LED del puerto sin embargo el switch podrá seguir operando.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24

no cdp enable

ALS1#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/24

Building configuration...

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Current configuration : 49 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/24

no cdp enable

end

STP Root Guard

Con aplicaciones como Yersinia podemos asumir el rol de STP root desde el PC. Primero veamos el

comportamiento utilizando ataque STP Claiming Root Role. Antes verificamos el rol de ALS1.

ALS1#show spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5689.5d80

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 0022.5689.5d80

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/24 Desg FWD 19 128.24 P2p

ALS1#debug spanning-tree root

Spanning Tree root changes debugging is on

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ALS1#

STP: VLAN0001 new root is 32769, 0022.5688.5d80 on port Fa0/24, cost 19

ALS1#show spanning-tree root detail

VLAN0001

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5688.5d80Cost 19

Port 24 (FastEthernet0/24)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

La salida anterior nos muestra que tanto el PC como el catalyst ALS1 tienen la misma prioridad, sin embargo el

valor de la MAC (quien determina el desempate) es menor en el PC:

ALS1 0022.5689.5d80

PC  0022.5688.5d80

Por lo tanto el PC asume el rol de Root. El comando show spanning-tree root detail nos muestra que ALS1 ya no

es el Roor Bridge.

  Configure una característica de STP para paliar este problema.

El comando guard root en la interface evita que un

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24

spanning-tree guard root

ALS1#show spanning-tree root detail

VLAN0001

Root ID Priority 32769

Address 0022.5689.5d80

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

05:58:16: %SPANTREE-2-ROOTGUARD_CONFIG_CHANGE: Root guard enabled on port FastEthernet0/24.

STP: VLAN0001 we are the spanning tree root

05:58:17: %SPANTREE-2-ROOTGUARD_BLOCK: Root guard blocking port FastEthernet0/24 on VLAN0001.

05:58:18: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to down

ALS1#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/24 detail

Port 24 (FastEthernet0/24) of VLAN0001 is forwarding

Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.24.

Designated root has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated port id is 128.24, designated path cost 0

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0

Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1

Link type is point-to-point by default

Root guard is enabled on the port

BPDU: sent 347, received 0

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STP PortFast

Configure el puerto FasEthernet 0/24 de ALS1 de manera que el puerto levante inmediatamente evitando los

estados STP.

EN caso que no configuremos portfast el puerto demora 30 segundo en estar operativo (15 segundos en estado 

listening + 15 segundos en estado learning antes de pasar al forwarding). Antes de configurar la interface

notaremos que al conectar el PC al puerto este transita por distintos estados.

ALS1#debug spanning-tree events

Spanning Tree event debugging is on

setting bridge id (which=3) prio 32769 prio cfg 32768 sysid 1 (on) id 8001.0022.5689.5d80

set portid: VLAN0001 Fa0/24: new port id 8018

STP: VLAN0001 Fa0/24 -> listening

ALS1#

06:19:18: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to up

06:19:20: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to up

ALS1#

STP: VLAN0001 Fa0/24 -> learning

ALS1#

STP: VLAN0001 Fa0/24 -> forwarding

06:19:48: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

  Configure una característica de STP que evite la transision de Listening y Learning y pase inmediatamente a

envío (Forwarding).

Nota. Al configurar portfast el proceso no advierte que solo debemos conectar host o podríamos generar loops en

caso de conectar hubs, switchs… 

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24spanning-tree portfast

%Warning: portfast should only be enabled on ports connected to a single

host. Connecting hubs, concentrators, switches, bridges, etc... to this

interface when portfast is enabled, can cause temporary bridging loops.

Use with CAUTION

%Portfast has been configured on FastEthernet0/24 but will only

have effect when the interface is in a non-trunking mode.

ALS1#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/24 detail

Port 24 (FastEthernet0/24) of VLAN0001 is forwarding

Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.24.

Designated root has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

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Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated port id is 128.24, designated path cost 0

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0

Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1

The port is in the portfast mode

Link type is point-to-point by default

Root guard is enabled on the portBPDU: sent 347, received 0

STP BPDU Filter

Los Catalyst están constantemente enviando BGPU por todas las interfaces activas, incluso en los puertos de

acceso, los host reciben paquetes que no saben como interpretar. Utilizando WIreshark podemos observar que el

PC recibe paquetes STP:

  Configure una característica de STP de manera que el Catalyst no envie BPDUs a los hosts.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24spanning-tree bpdufilter enable

ALS1#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/24 detail

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Port 24 (FastEthernet0/24) of VLAN0001 is forwarding

Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.24.

Designated root has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated port id is 128.24, designated path cost 0

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0

Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1The port is in the portfast mode

Link type is point-to-point by default

Bpdu filter is enabled

Root guard is enabled on the port

BPDU: sent 1007, received 0

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Si activamos el analizador de de protocolos veremos que al configurar BGPU FIlter los paquetes STP no se envían

por el puerto configurado.

  Configure la interface FastEthernet0/24 de manera que si se recibe una BPDU por el puerto este quede en

estado err-disable.

En algunos casos se pueden recibir BPDU como parte de un ataque. Para deshabilitarlo utilizamos BPDU Guard.

Utilizando Yersinia enviaremos BPDUs de manera que el puerto se desactive.

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/24

spanning-tree portfast

spanning-tree bpduguard enable

ALS1#show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/24 detail

Port 24 (FastEthernet0/24) of VLAN0001 is forwarding

Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.24.

Designated root has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 0022.5689.5d80

Designated port id is 128.24, designated path cost 0

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0

Number of transitions to forwarding state: 1

The port is in the portfast mode

Link type is point-to-point by default

Bpdu guard is enabled

Bpdu filter is enabled

Root guard is enabled on the port

BPDU: sent 1007, received 0

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VLANs ACLs v/s Seguridad en sesiones Telnet

  Configure Portchannel mostrado en la figura. Utilizar LACP y 802.1q como protocolo de trunking.

  En DLS1 crear la VLAN 10 y comprobar que se propaga a DLS2.

  Configurar los puertos de acceso para la VLAN10. Utilice portfast.

DLS1

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 3 mode active

exit

interface Port-channel3

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10switchport mode trunk

vlan 10

vtp domain cisco

DLS2

default interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

channel-group 3 mode active

exit

interface Port-channel3

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10

switchport mode trunk

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Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/61/80 ms

  Configurar los routers con el direccionamiento mostrado y habilite telnet. En R1 se permite sesiones de

entrada de la IP 100.2.2.2. En R2 se permite sesiones de entrada de la IP 100.1.1.1. Si existe un intento de

conexión telnet desde una dirección de origen distinta se debe enviar un log a la consola indicándolo.

 

Formar adyacencia OSPF 1 area 0entre R1 y R2. No debe existir elección DR/BDR.

  Crear y publicar la loopback0 100.1.1.1/24 en R1 y la loopback0 100.2.2.2/24 utilizando OSPF. Comprobar

que se publiquen con sus máscaras correctas.

R1

interface Loopback0

ip address 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

ip ospf 1 area 0

ip ospf network point-to-point

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip ospf network point-to-point

ip ospf 1 area 0

R2

interface Loopback0

ip address 100.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

ip ospf 1 area 0

ip ospf network point-to-point

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip ospf network point-to-point

ip ospf 1 area 0

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

100.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:33 10.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0

R2#sh ip route ospf

Gateway of last resort is not set

100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 100.1.1.0/24 [110/2] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0

R2#ping 100.1.1.1 source 100.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 100.2.2.2

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/60/68 ms

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R1

access-list 10 permit 100.2.2.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 10 deny any log

line vty 0 4

access-class 10 in

exec-timeout 0 0password cisco

login

transport input telnet

transport output telnet

R2

access-list 10 permit 100.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 10 deny any log

line vty 0 4

access-class 10 inexec-timeout 0 0

password cisco

login

transport input telnet

transport output telnet

R1#telnet 100.2.2.2

Trying 100.2.2.2 ...

% Connection refused by remote host

R2#

*Jun 13 13:53:58.599: %SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGNP: list 10 denied 0 10.1.1.1 -> 0.0.0.0, 1 packet

R1#telnet 100.2.2.2 /source-interface loo0

Trying 100.2.2.2 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:cisco 

R2>en

Password:cisco 

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  En DLS2 utilice VLAN Access-list para bloquear todo el tráfico ICMP y HTML . Se debe permitir el tráfico

telnet.

DLS2

ip access-list extended ICMP

permit icmp any any

vlan access-map DROP-ICMP 10

match ip address ICMP

action drop

vlan access-map DROP-ICMP 20

action forward

R1#ping 100.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/64/100 ms

Como podemos ver en la salida anterior, aun es posible utilizar el ping. Para activar las políticas restrictivas

debemos utilizar el comando vlan filter indicando la VLAN sobre la que tendrá influencia el filtro; en nuestro caso

se trata de la VLAN 10.

Luego de hacer la última configuración podemos ver que no es posible el trafico icmp entre sitios, sin embargo aun

podemos ingresar a través de telnet.

DLS2

vlan filter DROP-ICMP vlan-list 10

R1#ping 100.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R1#telnet 100.2.2.2 /source-interface loo0

Trying 100.2.2.2 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

R2>en

Password:

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SSH

  Configure SSH en DLS2 utilizando las siguientes políticas:

Domain: duoc.cl

Key: 1024

-  Authentication: Debería ser realizada en base a la base de datos local.

Username: U1-  Password: cisco

-  Puertos: Debería ser activa la autenticación para los puertos VTY.

Restricciones: Solo se permiten conexiones SSH en DLS2.

DLS2

ip domain name duoc.cl

DLS2(config)#crypto key zeroize rsa 

% All RSA keys will be removed.

% All router certs issued using these keys will also be removed.Do you really want to remove these keys? [yes/no]: yes

DLS2(config)#

*Mar 1 06:11:47.245: %SSH-5-DISABLED: SSH 1.99 has been disabled

DLS2(config)#crypto key generate rsa usage-keys 

The name for the keys will be: DLS2.duoc.cl

Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 4096 for your

Signature Keys. Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 may take

a few minutes.

How many bits in the modulus [512]: 1024 

Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 4096 for yourEncryption Keys. Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 may take

a few minutes.

How many bits in the modulus [512]: 1024 

% Generating 1024 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...

[OK] (elapsed time was 5 seconds)

% Generating 1024 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...

[OK] (elapsed time was 6 seconds)

DLS2(config)#

*Mar 1 06:12:15.012: %SSH-5-ENABLED: SSH 1.99 has been enabled

La siguiente configuración habilita los servicios AAA

DLS2

aaa new-model

username U1 password duoc

aaa authentication login LOCAL local

line vty 0 4

login authentication LOCAL

transport input ssh

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DLS1#ssh -l U1 -c aes128-cbc 1.1.1.2

Password:cisco

DLS2>en

Password:duoc 

SPAN

  En DLS1 crear las VLANs 10, 20, 99.

  Formar trunk entre Switches directamente conectados (utilice dos enlaces entre dispositivos). Se deben

permitir únicamente las VLANs recién creadas más la VLAN por defecto. Utilizar protocolo de trunk

estándar.

  DLS1 es el server para el dominio VTP duoc, el resto de los switches tienen el rol de client. Comprobar que

las VLANs se han propagado en cada uno los switches.

 

DLS1 debe ser root para las VLANs 1, 10 y 20. Y Root secundario para la VLAN 99

  DLS2 debe ser root para la VLAN 99. Y Root secundario para las VLANs 1, 10 y 20.

 

DLS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,99

DLS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/13-20

shutdown

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,99

ALS1

interface range fastEthernet 0/13-20

shutdown

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport mode trunk

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,99

ALS2

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-7

switchport mode trunk

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,10,20,99

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DLS1#sh interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1Fa0/5 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/7 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10,20,99

Fa0/3 1,10,20,99

Fa0/4 1,10,20,99

Fa0/5 1,10,20,99

Fa0/6 1,10,20,99

Fa0/7 1,10,20,99

DLS2#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/5 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/7 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunkFa0/2 1,10,20,99

Fa0/3 1,10,20,99

Fa0/4 1,10,20,99

Fa0/5 1,10,20,99

Fa0/6 1,10,20,99

Fa0/7 1,10,20,99

ALS1#show interfaces trunk

Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan

Fa0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/3 on 802.1q trunking 1Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/5 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/6 on 802.1q trunking 1

Fa0/7 on 802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2 1,10,20,99

Fa0/3 1,10,20,99

Fa0/4 1,10,20,99

Fa0/5 1,10,20,99

Fa0/6 1,10,20,99Fa0/7 1,10,20,99

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DLS2

vtp mode client

ALS1

vtp mode client

ALS2vtp mode client

DLS1

vtp mode server

vtp domain duoc

vlan 10,20,99

DLS1#sh vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

99 VLAN0099 active

DLS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsupVLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

99 VLAN0099 active

ALS1#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active99 VLAN0099 active

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ALS2#show vlan brief | exclude unsup

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

10 VLAN0010 active

20 VLAN0020 active

99 VLAN0099 active

DLS1

spanning-tree vlan 1,10,20 root primary diameter 3

spanning-tree vlan 99 root secondary diameter 3

DLS2spanning-tree vlan 99 root primary diameter 3

spanning-tree vlan 1,10,20 root secondary diameter 3

DLS2#show spanning-tree vlan 99

VLAN0099

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 24675

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

This bridge is the root

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 12 sec Forward Delay 9 sec

Bridge ID Priority 24675 (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 99)

Address 3037.a6eb.d580

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 12 sec Forward Delay 9 sec

Aging Time 9

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/2 Desg LRN 19 128.4 P2p

Fa0/3 Desg LRN 19 128.5 P2p

Fa0/4 Desg LRN 19 128.6 P2p

Fa0/5 Desg LRN 19 128.7 P2pFa0/6 Desg FWD 19 128.8 P2p

Fa0/7 Desg LRN 19 128.9 P2p

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  En ALS2 instalar un analizador de protocolos en el Puerto Fa0/1 y sondear el tráfico que se genera en el

mismo switch pero en el puerto de acceso Fa0/11 donde se encuentra un PC abriendo una sesión telnet

apuntando a la SVI1 (1.1.1.X).

ALS2

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan 1

spanning-tree portfast

interface FastEthernet0/11

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan 1

spanning-tree portfast

monitor session 1 source interface fastEthernet 0/11 both

monitor session 1 destination interface fastEthernet 0/1

TELNET

C:\>telnet 1.1.1.1

User Access Verification

Password:

DLS1>en

Password:

DLS1#

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Remote SPAN (RSPAN)

  En DLS2 instalar un analizador de protocolos en el Puerto Fa0/1 y sondear el tráfico que se genera en DLS1

Puerto de acceso Fa0/8 donde se encuentra un PC abriendo una sesión telnet apuntando a la SVI1

(1.1.1.X). La VLAN 99 debe ser configurada como VLAN SPAN.

Nota: Podemos enviar el tráfico que se genera en la Fa0/1 de DLS1 en cualquier switch que tenga acceso a la VLAN

99, la RSPAN. En este ejemplo solo utilizamos DLS2 como receptor pero podrían ser además ALS1 y ALS2.

DLS1

vlan 99

remote-span

DLS1#sh vlan remote-span

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------99

DLS2#show vlan remote-span

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

99

ALS1#show vlan remote-span

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

99

ALS2#sh vlan remote-span

Remote SPAN VLANs

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

99

DLS1

monitor session 2 source interface fastEthernet 0/8

monitor session 2 destination remote vlan 99

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DLS1#sh monitor session 2

Session 2

---------

Type : Remote Source Session

Source Ports :

Both : Fa0/8

Dest RSPAN VLAN : 99

DLS2

monitor session 2 source remote vlan 99

monitor session 2 destination interface fastEthernet 0/1

DLS1

interface FastEthernet0/8

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

TELNET

C:\>telnet 1.1.1.1

User Access Verification

Password:

DLS1>en

Password:

DLS1#

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Syslog

  Crear PortChannel 3 entre DLS1 y DLS2, no utilizar PAgP o LACP. Habilitar interfaces para conectividad L 3.

Y configurar direccionamiento mostrado. Verificar que existe conectividad entre ambos dispositivos L3.

DLS1

ip routing

interface Port-channel3

no switchport

ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0

interface FastEthernet0/6

no switchport

channel-group 3 mode on

interface FastEthernet0/7

no switchport

channel-group 3 mode on

DLS2

ip routing

interface Port-channel3

no switchport

ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0

interface FastEthernet0/6

no switchport

channel-group 3 mode on

interface FastEthernet0/7

no switchport

channel-group 3 mode on

DLS2#ping 10.1.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/8 ms

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  Configure EIGRP 1 como muestra la figura. Publicar además la loopback0 de cada switch.

  La red 172.16.1.0/24 debe ser redistribuida dentro de EIGRP.

DLS1

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

router eigrp 1

network 10.0.0.0

no auto-summary

DLS2

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

router eigrp 1

network 10.0.0.0

no auto-summary

DLS2#sh ip route eigrp

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

D 10.1.1.0 [90/143360] via 10.1.12.1, 00:00:12, Port-channel3

DLS2

interface FastEthernet0/1

no switchport

ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

router eigrp 1

redistribute connected metric 1 1 1 1 1

DLS1#sh ip route eigrp

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 172.16.1.0 [170/2560002816] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:36, Port-channel3

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

D 10.2.2.0 [90/143360] via 10.1.12.2, 00:03:47, Port-channel3

 

Configure DLS1 de manera que todos los mensajes logs se envíen al servidor Syslog 172.16.1.2.

DLS1

logging on

logging trap 7

logging source-interface Loopback0

logging 172.16.1.2

logging host 172.16.1.2

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06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 62: *Mar 1 00:42:05.767: EIGRP: Packet from

ourselves ignored

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 61: *Mar 1 00:42:05.767: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0

interfaceQ 0/0

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 60: *Mar 1 00:42:05.767: EIGRP: Received HELLO

on Loopback0 nbr 10.1.1.1

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 59: *Mar 1 00:42:05.767: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 58: *Mar 1 00:42:05.767: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on

Loopback0

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 57: *Mar 1 00:42:05.700: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0

interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 56: *Mar 1 00:42:05.700: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on

Port-channel3

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 55: *Mar 1 00:42:05.549: AS 1, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0

interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0

06-26-2012 14:27:00 Local7.Debug 10.1.1.1 54: *Mar 1 00:42:05.549: EIGRP: Received HELLO

on Port-channel3 nbr 10.1.12.206-26-2012 14:25:18 Local7.Info 10.1.1.1 53: *Mar 1 00:40:24.492: %SYS-6-

LOGGINGHOST_STARTSTOP: Logging to host 172.16.1.2 Port 514 started - CLI initiated

06-26-2012 14:25:17 Local7.Notice 10.1.1.1 52: *Mar 1 00:40:18.485: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

Configured from console by vty0 (10.1.12.2)

06-26-2012 14:22:30 Local7.Debug 127.0.0.1 Kiwi Syslog Server - Test message number 0002

06-26-2012 14:19:55 Local7.Info 10.1.12.1 51: *Mar 1 00:35:03.149: %SYS-6-

LOGGINGHOST_STARTSTOP: Logging to host 172.16.1.2 Port 514 started - CLI initiated

06-26-2012 14:19:54 Local7.Notice 10.1.12.1 50: *Mar 1 00:35:02.092: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

Configured from console by vty0 (10.1.12.2)

06-26-2012 14:17:17 Local7.Debug 127.0.0.1 Kiwi Syslog Server - Test message number 0001

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Port-Security utilizando MACROs

  Antes de comenzar este laboratorio debemos borrar la configuración del switch.

  Configure ALSx de manera que los puertos de la fastethernet 0/10 a fastethernet 0/16 solo permitan una

dirección MAC. En caso de que se detecte más de una MAC el switch debe descartar el tráfico para esa

MAC no permitida.

  Utilizar una MACRO

  Comprobar conectando PC.

El siguiente comando define un rango de puertos del switch con el nombre UNA-MAC.

ALSx

define interface-range UNA-MAC fastEthernet 0/10-16

macro name SECURITY

Enter macro commands one per line. End with the character '@'.

switchport mode access

switchport port-security

switchport port-security maximum 1

switchport port-security violation protect

@

interface range macro UNA-MAC

macro apply SECURITY

ALS2#show running-config interface fastEthernet 0/11

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 167 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/11

switchport mode access

switchport port-security

switchport port-security violation protect

macro description SECURITY

ALS2#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/11 switchport

Name: Fa0/11

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: static accessOperational Mode: down

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Negotiation of Trunking: Off

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Voice VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan host-association: none

Administrative private-vlan mapping: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabledAdministrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q

Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none

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Filtro MAC

  Configure en ALSx un filtro para MAC unicast de manera que el switch descarte paquetes que tengan la

dirección origen o destino 0000.1234.DC10. Si un paquete se recibe por cualquier puerto que está asociado

a la VLAN por defecto, este debe ser descartado (drops).

  Comprobar configurando la MAC 0000.1234.DC10 en la interface f0/0 del Router (o PC) y conectarlo al

puerto f0/23 del switch ALS1.

ALS1

mac-address-table static 0000.1234.DC10 vlan 1 drop

ALS2#show mac-address-table static address 0000.1234.DC10

Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----

1 0000.1234.dc10 STATIC DropTotal Mac Addresses for this criterion: 1

ALS1

interface FastEthernet0/23

switchport mode access

spanning-tree portfast

R1

interface FastEthernet0/0

mac-address 0000.1234.dc10

ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.0

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VACLs

Setup: Configure DLS1 con la SVI 110 11.1.1.1/24. El PC debe conectarse a la interface Fa0/1. DLS1 debe ser

DHCP server y enviar la dirección IP 11.1.1.12/24 al PC. Habilite telnet en DLS1.

  Configure un filtro VACL de manera que permita al PC conectado al DLS1 acceder a este mismo switch

utilizando telnet pero no se permite pruebas ICMP. Utilice VACL. Cualquier otro tráfico es permitido.

PC1

Adaptador de Ethernet Ethernet:

Sufijo DNS específico para la conexión. . :

Descripción . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controlle

r

Dirección física. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 50-B7-C3-07-A1-9D 

DHCP habilitado . . . . . . . . . . . . . : sí

Configuración automática habilitada . . . : sí

Vínculo: dirección IPv6 local. . . : fe80::e01f:70bc:4361:24fc%12(Preferido)

Dirección IPv4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 11.1.1.12(Preferido)

Máscara de subred . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

Concesión obtenida. . . . . . . . . . . . : domingo, 09 de junio de 2013 11:3

9:59

La concesión expira . . . . . . . . . . . : lunes, 10 de junio de 2013 11:39:

58C:\>

Antes de seguir con el laboratorio comprobaremos si existe acceso via telnet e ICMP.

PC

C:\>ping 11.1.1.1

Haciendo ping a 11.1.1.1 con 32 bytes de datos:

Respuesta desde 11.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=5ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 11.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=3ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 11.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=3ms TTL=255

Respuesta desde 11.1.1.1: bytes=32 tiempo=2ms TTL=255

Estadísticas de ping para 11.1.1.1:

Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0

(0% perdidos),Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos:

Mínimo = 2ms, Máximo = 5ms, Media = 3ms

PC

C:\>telnet 11.1.1.1

DLS1>enable

DLS1#sh users

Line User Host(s) Idle Location

0 con 0 idle 00:08:27

* 1 vty 0 idle 00:00:00 11.1.1.12

Interface User Mode Idle Peer Address

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DLS1

access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 23

access-list 101 permit icmp any any

vlan access-map FILTRO 10

action forward

match ip address 100

vlan access-map FILTRO 20

action drop

match ip address 101

vlan access-map FILTRO 30

action forward

vlan filter FILTRO vlan-list 110

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DLS1#sh vlan filter

VLAN Map FILTRO is filtering VLANs:

110

DLS1#sh vlan access-map

Vlan access-map "FILTRO" 10

Match clauses:

ip address: 100

Action:

forward

Vlan access-map "FILTRO" 20

Match clauses:

ip address: 101

Action:

drop

Vlan access-map "FILTRO" 30

Match clauses:

Action:

forward

DLS1#ping 11.1.1.12

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.1.1.12, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

DLS1#copy startup-config tftp:

Address or name of remote host []? 11.1.1.12

Destination filename [dls1-confg]?

!!

5448 bytes copied in 0.100 secs (54480 bytes/sec)

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DHCP Snooping

 

DLS1 debe tener el rol VTP Server en el dominio duoc.cl. ALS1 debe ser client VTP.

  DLS1 debe crear la VLAN 100 llamada DHCP. Comprobar que se propague a ALS1.

  Crear PortChannel 1 entre DLS1 y ALS1, no utilizar PAgP o LACP . Habilitar trunking utilizando 802.1q y

permitir las VLANs 1 y 100. Deshabilitar DTP.

DLS1

vtp mode server

vtp domain duoc.cl

vlan 100

name DHCP

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

channel-group 1 mode on

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,100

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS1vtp mode client

interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

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channel-group 1 mode on

interface Port-channel1

switchport trunk allowed vlan 1,100

switchport mode trunk

switchport nonegotiate

ALS1#show etherchannel summary

Flags: D - down P - in port-channel

I - stand-alone s - suspended

H - Hot-standby (LACP only)

R - Layer3 S - Layer2

U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator

u - unsuitable for bundling

w - waiting to be aggregated

d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1

Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

1 Po1(SU) - Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

  En DLS1 SVI 100 utilizando la IP address 100.1.1.1/24.

  Configurar DHCP en DLS1 con las siguientes características:

-  Pool ABCD 100.1.1.0/24

-  Default Router 100.1.1.1

Arriendo 4 días, 10 horas, 30 minutos.

Se debe excluir el rango 100.1.1.1 a 100.1.1.20

  En ALS1 asignar al puerto Fa0/23 la VLAN 100 (puerto de acceso).

DLS1

interface Vlan100

ip address 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

ip dhcp excluded-address 100.1.1.1 100.1.1.20

ip dhcp pool ABCD

network 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

default-router 100.1.1.1

lease 4 10 30

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

@ 2013204

ALS1

ip dhcp snooping

ip dhcp snooping vlan 100

ip dhcp snooping information option

interface FastEthernet0/21

ip dhcp snooping limit rate 3

interface FastEthernet0/23

ip dhcp snooping limit rate 3

interface Port-channel1

ip dhcp snooping trust

ALS1#show ip dhcp snooping

Switch DHCP snooping is enabled

DHCP snooping is configured on following VLANs:

100DHCP snooping is configured on the following Interfaces:

Insertion of option 82 is enabled

circuit-id format: vlan-mod-port

remote-id format: MAC

Option 82 on untrusted port is not allowed

Verification of hwaddr field is enabled

Interface Trusted Rate limit (pps)

------------------------ ------- ----------------

FastEthernet0/21 no 3

FastEthernet0/23 no 3Port-channel1 yes unlimited

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CCNP Guía SWITCH v2.0

ARP Spoofing (Poisoning).

ARP corre sobre Ethernet (typoe 0x0806). Este protocolo ser creó en 1982, tiempo en que los problemas de

seguridad eran escasos, por lo tanto no posee mecanismos de autentificación lo que lo hace un protocolo

que puede ser atacado.

Si un host reemplaza su tarjeta de red envía un ARP no solicitado a todos los host del segmento para que

actualicen su tabla MAC, también conocido como gratiutous ARP.

Problemas ARP:

Sin autenticación: puede exiatir suplantación de identidad (Spoofing)

Fuga de datos: Todos los hosts en un segmento se enteran que se iniciará una conversación entre dos

hosts.

Ataque por Disponibilidad: puesto que los hosts en un segmento deben responder a una petición ARP,

un atacante puede envíar miles de peticiones ARP lo que conlleva a que los hosts del segmento deban

responder con ARP reply.