grey solutions for urban water management : jakarta case
TRANSCRIPT
Grey Solutions for Urban Water
Management :JAKARTA Case
JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY ADMINISTRATION
Presented on “C40 Workshop on
Climate Adaptation and Risk
Assessment “Rotterdam, The Netherlands
June 3‐6, 2013
Feirully Irzal, MBASenior Planner –
Infrastructure Division
Regional Development Planning BoardJakarta Capital City AdministrationINDONESIA
OUTLINE
• FACTS AND PROFILE
• MAJOR ISSUES
• WATER RESOURCE ISSUES
• JAKARTA FLOOD MITIGATION CONCEPT
• CURRENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
• CONCLUDING REMARKS
Basic Social ‐
Economic Role
DKI Jakarta administration area:• 5 Municipalities and 1 regency• 44 districts• 267 sub district/village
Area : approx 650 KM2
Population:• Approx.
9.5 million (night time)• Approx. 13 million (day time)• Density approx. 14.000/km2
Jakarta and its surrounding cities form
Metropolitan area Jabodetabek,
population : approx.
25 million
miniature of Indonesia
Very contrast social status of its
citizen:•Wealthiest vs poorest•Most educated vs most uneducated
Multi ethnic and very heterogenic
Economic growth 2012 6.5%
Forecasted to be competing with
Singapore, Kuala Lumpur Bangkok,
and Ho Chi Min City as centre for
business and trading.
Capital city
National Activity Centre for
Economic, Business and Service
Communication hub for Indonesia
Tourism City
Cultural City
Centre for Higher Education
FACTS AND PROFILE OF JAKARTA
Greater Jakarta
(Jabodetabek)
MAJOR ISSUES OF JAKARTA
• Volume of solid waste in 2008:
29.364m3
/
day
• Air pollution• Water
pollution:
concentration
of
DO,
Ni,
Cu,
Zn, Hg above standard
• Rise of sea level• Land Subsidence• Destruction
of
Conservation
Area
on
the
ground, coastal side, sea and islands
• Lack of Green Open Space
EnvironmentEnvironment
Water ResourceWater Resource
• Flood caused by backwater, river flooding,
clogged drainage system
• Low quality and quantity of clean and raw
water especially in north Jakarta
• Limited coverage of piped wastewater network
• Excessive extraction of groundwater that
causes land subsidence
• Intrusion of sea water
WATER RESOURCE ISSUES
KEPULAUAN SERIBU
KEPULAUAN SERIBU
LOW LANDS
13 RIVERS
Jakarta‘s geographical and topographical setting as a Delta City makes it vulnerable to flood problems, this is due to:•Traversed by 13 rivers to Jakarta Bay•Part of Northern Jakarta lies in lowlands and frequently influenced by tidal condition causing backwater.
This condition is exacerbated by
external factors:
1.Climate change: sea level increase
and changes in rainfall intensity and
pattern
2.Continuous land subsidence at a
rate of as much as 10cm/year in
certain part of north JakartaRainfall Pattern in Jakarta, 2010Source: Susandi, 2010
Land subsidence 1991‐1997
PHOTOS OF URBAN WATERISSUES
CURRENT AND FUTUREPREVIOUS CONCEPT
JAKARTA FLOOD MITIGATIONCONCEPT
Tanggu
l 3
CURRENT & FUTURE INITIATIVES FOR FLOOD MITIGATION
1.
Completion of East Flood Canal construction
2.
Construction
of
interconnection
between
West
Flood
Canal
and
East
Flood
Canal3.
Dredging and normalisation of vital flood canals/rivers/lakes/polders
under the
Jakarta Emergency Dredging Initiative Project4.
Reconstruction and capacity improvement of pumps
5.
Construction and heightened of sea embankments to anticipate the
increase in
sea level rise and land subsidence in North Jakarta.6.
Resettlement of illegal housing along rivers/lakes and river widening
CURRENT INITIATIVES
FUTURE INITIATIVE
Preparation of Sea Defense Wall Master Plan to protect the Northern Jakarta from
inundation
caused
by
increase
in
sea
level
and
continuous
land
subsidence.
The
development
will
also
create
momentum
for
urban
redevelopment
of
Northern
Jakarta.
CURRENT INITIATIVESJEDI(JAKARTA EMERGENCY DREDGING INITIATIVE)
• The project is a cooperative effort
between Central and Jakarta
Government to dredge and rehabilitate 13 rivers and 5 reservoirs
in Jakarta to reduce the
impact of flood.
• Flood area will be reduced from 203 Km2 (in 2007) , to only 144 Km2 (30%)
• Current work ongoing:
• Tender preparation
• Land acquisition
and preparation for resettlement
• Preparation of Sludge Disposal Site, located in Ancol North Jakarta.
FLOOD 2007 AFTER DREDGING
Flood area 203 Km2 Flood area 144 Km2
CURRENT INITIATIVESJEDIREDUCING FLOODED AREA
CURRENT INITIATIVESEAST FLOOD CANALBANJIR KANAL TIMUR• 23.5 km Canal (flow from east to north Jakarta) with water
catchment area of 20.125 Ha, expected to reduce 26 spots of
flood area (from before 78 spots) and prevent flood for
Industrial and Residential Area in East Jakarta (15.401 Ha).
The momentum is also leveraged not only for flood control but
for redeveloping and redesigning the area, increasing city
green open space and supporting the supply of clean water.
FUTURE INITIATIVESNational Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD)
In year 2010 In year 2030 In year 205066.355 x 106 m2
Or 10.26% of areaBelow the sea
131.914 x 106 m2
Or 20.41% of areaBelow the sea
187.997 x 106 m2
Or 29.09% of areaBelow the sea
Source: Study of Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy
Strategies
1.Minimise land subsidence by:• Limit the ground water extraction• Provide sufficient supply of raw water
from surface water• Develop water retention basins
2.Develop Sea Defense Wall (NATIONAL
CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT/
NCICD)NATIONAL CAPITAL INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
• Stage 1(Protection until 2020): – Short term coastal protection
• Stage 2 (Protection until 2030): – Integrated sea dyke construction with
new land reclamation
• Stage 3 (Protection beyond 2030):– Construction of multi‐purpose sea
dyke at Jakarta Bay
NCICD INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
1.
New
land
reclamation
(approx. 5000ha) in
between
the
existing
coastline up to ‐8m depth2.
Water
recreational
facilities,
water
trasportation,
fisheries,
raw
water reservoir, etc
1.
Deep
Sea
Port
in
between
the outermost
dyke
(dyke
3
at
approx. ‐
14m
depth)
and
the
new
land reclamation dyke (dyke 2)
NCICD INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
1.
Access
road
(4
lanes)
on
top
of the
dyke
along
the
existing
coastline2.
Toll
road
(10
lanes)
and
double‐
track
railway
line
on
top
of
the dyke along the reclamation area. This
function
as
connector
of
airport,
sea
port
and
industrial areas.
3.
Toll
road
(10
lanes)
on
top
of dyke
at
approx.
6km
off‐shore
from
the
existing
coastline
.
This function
as
East‐West
by‐pass
and
form part
of
the
Merak
– Surabaya National Toll network
Coastal Defense Infrastructures and additional measures that are non‐profitable (‐) require public financing (Local/state budget). Investment opportunities that are profitable (+) may be funded by private sector through PPP Based on Cost‐Benefit Analysis, partial investment on individual project is less financially viable. However if those projects combined and integrated would result in a more attracted investment package that is strategic and financially feasible.Moreover, the Integrated Coastal Development solution not only protects the Northern Jakarta from inundation, but it also offers solution to the problems of raw water supply, river pollution and traffic congestion in the city. Flood protection combined with land reclamation, infrastructure development and urban renewal, is expected to transform Northern Jakarta into a more attractive place for investment, living and working.
NCICD OFFERS INTERESTING PPP OPPORTUNITIES
Sea Dyke
& River
embankm
ent
Polder
and
Retention
Pond
Pump
Stations
Water
supply
Waste
Water &
Sanitati
on
Reclama tion
Toll Road
Deep Sea Port
Coastal Protection
Additional Measures
Investment Opportunities
CURRENT PROGRESS OF NCICD -Masterplanning Phase (2013 – 2014)
1.
Strategic
concept
review
of
Jakarta
Coastal Defense
Strategy
to
synchronize
with
other
masterplans2.
Detailed concept design of coastal protection
3.
Pre‐design,
pre‐Feasibility
Study
and
Strategic Environmental Analysis
4.
Cost
estimate,
Cost‐Benefit
Analysis,
funding schemes
5.
Detailed stages of development6.
Preparation
of
Legal
Framework
for
NCICD
Masterplan
as
a
basis
for
implementation
and invesment
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1.
Jakarta
is
faced
with
environmental
problems,
such
as deteriorated
surface
water
quality,
shortage
in
raw
water
supply,
land
subsidence,
urban
flood and
tidal
flood, especially in the northern Jakarta
2.
Integrated
Coastal
Development
concept
offers
a breakthrough
solution
that
does
not
only
provide
protection
to
the
north
Jakarta
from
flooding,
but
also function
as
raw
water
reservoir
and
creates
opportunities
for
investment
in
toll
roads,
Railway,
deep
sea
port,
land reclamation, and urban redevelopment of north Jakarta.
3.
There
are
plenty
of
endeavors
need
to
be
done
for
the implementation
of
NCICD,
that
require
stakeholders
participation
(community,
Government
and
private sectors)
JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY ADMINISTRATION
THANK YOU