greenhouse gas observations and analysis in the wmo/gaw ... · jma co 2 isotopes mpi-bgc jma ch 4...
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World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water
Greenhouse gas observations and analysis
in the WMO/GAW Programme
Oksana Tarasova - WMO; Research Department www.wmo.int/gaw
WMO
Relevance of GAW observations to climate
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Long records of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) concentrations all show sharp increases
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Methane
Measurements before about 1960 are mostly from bubbles trapped in glacial ice. After that, WMO- coordinated instrumental observations abound.
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What is GAW?
• GAW focuses on global networks for GHGs, ozone, UV, aerosols, selected reactive gases, and precipitation chemistry.
• GAW is a partnership involving contributors from 80 countries.
• GAW is coordinated by the Research Department of WMO under the purview of WMO Commission for Atmospheric Science (CAS)
• Currently GAW coordinates activities and data from 28 Global stations, more than 400 Regional stations, and about 100 Contributing stations (http://gaw.empa.ch/gawsis/)
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Strategic issuesWMO
•The Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress (16 May - 3 June 2011) recognized the leading of the GAW Programme in the global greenhouse gas observations.
•Side event on Greenhouse Gas observations and analysis during the Congress was very well attended.
• Addendum to the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Strategic Plan: 2008–2015, containing the updated tasks for the time period 2012-2015.
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GAW Global CO2 & CH4 Monitoring Network Components
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Need for quality control
•Detect small trends (through DQO)
•Detect small spatial gradients
•Ensure long-term stability of
observations
•Data comparability (on the same
scale)
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The WMO/GAW global network for carbon dioxide
The network for methane is similar to this.Fifty countries contributed CO2 data to the GAW WDCGG. Approximately 50% of the measurement records are obtained at sites in the NOAA ESRL cooperative air sampling network.
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Regional and Contributing Networks
3rd Asian GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases 29-30 September, Seoul, Republic of KoreaJointly hosted by KMA and KRISS
Networks collaborating with GAW: • NOAA• AGAGE • TCCON
National networks are encouraged to collaborate with the programme (as a contributing network).
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DQOs for GHG
Component Compatibility goal range in the unpolluted troposphere
CO2 ± 0.1 ppm (± 0.05 ppmin the southern hemisphere) 360 … 420 ppm
δ13C-CO2 ± 0.01 ‰ -7.5 … -9 ‰ vs. VPDB
δ18O-CO2 ± 0.05 ‰ -2 … +2‰ vs. VPDB
∆14C-CO2 ± 1 ‰ 0 … 70‰
O2/N2 ± 2 per meg 250 … -550 per meg
CH4 ± 2 ppb 1700 … 2000 ppb
CO ± 2 ppb 30 … 300 ppb
N2O ± 0.1 ppb 320 … 335 ppb
H2 ± 2 ppb 450 … 600 ppb
SF6 ± 0.02 ppt 5 … 9 ppt
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Collaboration with GCOS
October 2005 GCOS-GAW Agreement recognizing: WMO/GAW Global Atmospheric CO2 & CH4 Monitoring Network
as Comprehensive Networks of GCOS
September 2011 Amendment to the GCOS-GAW Agreement: Subset of WMO/GAW Global Atmospheric CO2 & CH4 Monitoring
Network
as a Baseline Network of GCOS and
Agreement recognizing: WMO/GAW Global Atmospheric N2O Monitoring Network
as Baseline and Comprehensive Networks of GCOS
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Conceptual framework of the GAW QA/QC
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Central Facilities
Five types of central facilities:
• Central Calibration Laboratories
(CCLs)
• Quality Assurance/Science Activity
Centres (QA/SACs)
• World Calibration Centres (WCCs)
• Regional Calibration Centres (RCCs)
• World Data Centres (WDCs)
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Central Facilities
Variable QA/SAC CCL WCC RCC WDC
CO2 JMA (A/O) ESRL ESRL (round robin)
Empa (audits)
JMA
CO2 isotopes MPI-BGC JMA
CH4 Empa (Am, E/A)
JMA (A/O)
ESRL Empa (Am, E/A)
JMA (A/O)
JMA
N2O UBA ESRL IMK-IFU JMA
CFCs, HCFCs,
HFCs
JMA
SF6 ESRL KMA proposal JMA
H2 MPI-BGC JMA
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BIPM-GAW joint activities
Designation by WMO of Laboratories under CIPM MRA (19 April 2010)
o Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Centre (PMOD/WRC): for solar irradiance;
o Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA): for surface ozone;
o National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL): for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride and carbon monoxide
The WMO- BIPM workshop on Measurement: Challenges for Global Observation Systems for Climate Change Monitoring: Traceability, Stability and Uncertainty
30 March to 1 April 2010
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Collaboration with BIPM
Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM), Gas Analysis Working Group (GAWG) hold its
annual meeting in NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA on 27 September 2011
The following key comparisons (GAW CCL/WCCs participate in these comparisons) were proposed:•CCQM-K82 (Methane in air at ambient level)•CCQM-K83 (Halocarbons in air at ambient levels)•CCQM-K84 (Ambient CO)•BIPM.QM-K1 (Ozone)
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TrainingWMO
The GAW Training and Education Centre, GAWTEC,hosted by Germany, gives two two-week coursesannually for station personnel. In the 20 courses heldsince 2001, 227 were trained on atmosphericchemical and related physical observations.
www.gawtec.de
18 October 2011 – official celebration of 10th
Anniversary of GAWTEC
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World Data Centre for Greenhouse
Gases
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Annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletins
Bulletin 1 (March 2006) CO2
global distributionBulletin 2 (November 2006) CH4
global distributionBulletin 3 (November 2007) NOAA's CarbonTracker modelBulletin 4 (November 2008) Montreal ProtocolBulletin 5 (November 2009) Importance of CO2
Bulletin 6 (November 2010) Methane in high latitudes
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Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 7Role of N2O
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Biennial WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques
1975
2009
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WMO
THANK YOU
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