graphic organisers teachers’ exemplars – science these science exemplars are a companion to the...
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Graphic Organisers
Teachers’ exemplars – Science
These science exemplars are a companion to the Graphic Organisers resource book available at www.slss.ie
Water treatment
dirty water
clean water
CHLORINATION
FILTERING
SETTLING
SCREENING
FLOURIDATION
Plant reproduction
germination
dispersal
Seed & fruit formation
fertilisation
pollination
dormancy
Titration – preparing burette
clamp burettevertically with funnel
in place
check at eye level using white sheet
of paper
fill tap at bottom of burette
re-fill with solutionusing funnel
rinse with solutionto be used
rinse through funnel with deionised water
bring meniscus to line using a dropper
remove funnel
Stages in digestion
ingestion
digestion
absorption
assimilation
egestion
Organisation levels
cells
tissues
organs
systems
organism
molecules
Scientific method
Science
problem
observe
devise experiment
carry out
analyse
present
health & safety
revie
w
Alimentary Canal
Biology – food passing through the digestive system
mouth oesophagus stomach
duodenumileumcaecum
colon rectum anus
Microscopic study of plant cells
Science, Biology
what to do, and why
cut thin
piece of
onion
epidermis
to view
single
cells
place
on
slide
with
drop
of
water
add
stain
e.g.
iodinesto
p it
drying
out
make
more
visible
lower
cover
slip
at
45o
angle
prevent
air
bubbles
secure and
view at low
power then
high power
Quarkmodel
alchemy
atom
sub-atomic particles in nucleus
radiationalphaand beta
Chemistry
Growing bacteria on agar plates
Source of bacteria
Lift lid slightly
Spreads out
bacteria
Prevents
contamination
Streakplate
Replace lid, seal, label
Prevent
condensation
Incubate
Invert
Prevents
contamination
Making Oxygen Gas
Use H2O2 and MnO2
Test tubes
under water
Set up equipment
To make O2
Tocollectgas
Fill three tubes
with O
2
Put glow
ing
splint to tube – it
re-lights if gas is
oxygen
To release O2
Drop H
2 O2
on to MnO
2
Sourceof O2
Catalyst
Todo test
Photosynthesis
sunlight
chlo
roph
yll
carbon dioxide
water
photosynthesis
Rates of reaction
particle size
conc
entra
tion
temperature
nature of reactants
Rate of reaction
catatyst
L.C. Physics
currentforce
cond
ucto
r
magneticfield
Preparation of oxygen gas
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
tap funnel
MnO2 manganese dioxide
oxygen gas
beehive shelf
tubing
collecting jarstrough of water
7 characteristics of living things
movement
excr
etio
n
respiration
life
growth
feeding reproductionsensitivity
Excretion in the Kidney
salts
ions
Pota
ssiu
m io
nsurine
H2
UREAwater
hormones
7 characteristics of living things
If it has all these – its alive!!
nutrition
respirationgrowth
movementreproduction
response
excretion
need
food to
release
energy
energy
released
from food
to get food,
shelte
r,
mate; away
from danger
senses &
reactions
make sure
we move
the right way!
must grow to adult
before
reproducing
make
more
or be
extin
ct !
all these activities create toxic waste which must be released
Organic chemistry
organic compounds
alkanesalkynesaldehydes
alkenesalcoholsketonesesters
carboxylic acids
C C
C=C
C-C=O
-OH
O C
OH
=-
C
OR
=C-C-C
O
-ane
methane
heating fuel
-ene
Al2O3 + C2H5OH
aluminium oxide and alcohol
plastics
-anol
ethanol
beers, spirits
-anone
solvents
propan-2-ol +
-anoate
making soap
flavourings
organiccompounds
-anoic acid
ethanoic acid
vinegar
-analethanol + H2SO4
perfumes, fruit
-yne
H2O + CaC2
cutting, welding
Systems & organs of the human
some human body systems
excretorydigestive
respiratory circulatory
kidne
y
bladd
er
urete
r
ureth
ra
skin
lungs
heartarteriesvein
capillaries
mouth
oeso
phag
us
stomac
h
small
intes
tine
large
intes
tine
rectu
m
anus
(liver
)
nosetrachea
bronchus
bronchiolealveoli
Human Nutrition
Food &nutritionwater def = stunted growth
carbohydrate fats proteins
fibre vitamins minerals
CHO
bread, pasta
energy
glucose = Benedict’s test
starch = iodine test
deficiency = lack of energy
cellulose
bran, fruit
deficiency = constipation
aids peristalsis
deficiency = scurvy
eg VIT C
connective tissue
in citrus fruits
eg Fe
red meat
haemoglobin
deficiency = anaemia
CHO CHON
oils, butter
energy storage
brown paper test
molecules = 3 fatty acids:1 glycerol
eggs, meat
growth & repair
NaOH & CuSO4
amino acids
Atomic Structure
Sub-atomic particles Periodic table Böhr Diagram
Bonding Location Charges
proton
neutron
electron
ionic
covalent
molecules
valency
empty space
shells
nucleus
Proton = positive
Electron = negative
Neutron = neutral
ions
atomic no. shells
mass no.
group
“BAT” STAIRCASE
Nuclear formula
Electronic configuration
atoms
Atomic Structure
valency
structure
charges
Ecology key terms
environmental factors
EcologyField work
plants
toolstools
animals
tools
resultspie charts
bar charts
quantitative:
% cover
% frequency
quadrat
line transect
wind
light
temperaturequalitative
pooter
pitfall trap
beating tray
thermometer
light meter
anemometer
Radioactivity...
radioactivity
type
hazards
uses
precautions
alpha
beta
gamma
burns
leukaemiaclothing
shielding
use tongs
nuclear reactor
genetic defects
cataracts
death
don’t eat or drink
don’t smoke
food irradiation
carbon dating
medical therapy
medical imagingfuel
moderator
fuel rods
heat exchanger
What we look for on the microscope
eyepiece
lens
objective nosepiece
stage
clips
focus wheelcoarse
fine
light microscope
light
What we need to remember about light
luminousshadow
lens
microscopetransparent
reflection
mirror
refraction7
colours
fine
light
light
periscope
eye
rainbow
eclipse
sun, star
dispersal
Human Hormones
testosterone
FSH
insulin progesterone
adrenaline
LH
growth hormone
endocrine system
prolactin
oestrogen
thyroxine
oxytocin
What we need to remember about light
luminousshadow
lens
microscopetransparent
reflection
mirror
refraction7
colours
fine
light
light
periscope
eye
rainbow
eclipse
sun, star
dispersal
Separation techniques
Insoluble solid from liquid
Funnel, filter paper, beaker, flask
Sand from water
Soluble solid from liquid
Bunsen , tripod, gauze, beaker, evaporating dish
Salt from water
Soluble solid from liquid; two liquids of different BP
Condenser, bunsen, clamps, flask, beaker, stand
Dye from wine, coke
Dyes with different solubilities from liquid
Chromato-graphy paper, jar, ink, dropper, pencil
Dyes from black marker
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
TopicCriteria
What ? Apparatus Samplesubstances
Draw thediagram
Stateresult
Cross Classification – blood cells
red
white
platelet
cellscriteria
source function no/mm3 shape name
Cross Classification – blood vessels
artery
vein
capillary
vessels criteria
function pressure wall valves lumen
Cell structures – animal & plant
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL
cell membranecytoplasmnucleusnuclear membranenuclear poresnucleolusDNAmitochondrionribosomes
chloroplastcell wall vacuole
centriole
Comparing forms of energy
WINDNUCLEAR
Cheap
Large supply
Dangerous waste
No waste
Renewable
Bonding
COVALENTIONIC
Electronsinvolved
Holds particles together
Given & taken
Charged particles =ions
LHS&RHS of periodic table
Crystals,solids
Shared
No charged particles
Centre of periodic table
Molecules
Liquids &gases
gases: oxygen v. carbon dioxide
CARBON DIOXIDEGAS
OXYGENGAS
transparent
found in air
use H2O2 + MnO2 to make
relights a glowing splint
needed by all living things for respiration
released by plants in photosynthesis
use HCl + CaCO3 to make
turns limewater milky
needed by plants for photosynthesis
released by all living things in respiration
Endocrine system: male v. female
MALEFEMALE
adrenalsadrenaline
pituitaryhormones: growth,
lutenising, antidiuretic,follicle stimulating
thyroidthyroxine
parathyroidsparathormone
pancreasinsulin
ovariesoestrogenprogesterone
pituitaryoxytocin
testestestosterone
RNA v. DNA
DNARNA
single strand
ribose
uracil
found in cytoplasm and in ribsosome
found in nucleus
adeninecytosineguanine
double strand
deoxyribose
thymine
does not leave nucleus
mitosis v. meiosis
MEIOSISMITOSIS
2 daughter cells
single cycle of division
identical daughter cells
cell division
require energy
“reduction division”
two cycles of division
4 daughter cells
non-identical daughter cells
Photosynthesis v. Respiration
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
part of the cycles of nature
take place in cells
takes place in stages
only in plant cells
chloroplast
CO2 in, O2 out
makes glucose
all living things
mitochondrion
O2 in CO2 out
breaks down glucose
Control systems: nervous v. endocrine
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
react to internal and external stimuli
messages sent from one part of body to another
co-ordination
rapid response
short lived response
electrical impulse via neurons
CNS + PNS connected
male & female same
response usually slower
longer-lasting response
chemical messengers in blood
localised, separate glands
male and femalesdiffer
renewable v. non-renewable energy
NON-RENEWABLE
RENEWABLE
both need to be managed carefully
both cost money to deliver
forever
windsunwavebio-fuels
will run out
fossil fuels – oil, coal, peat, gas
1st year science pre-learning
atomsgasesairfuels
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
electronics
plantsanimals
foodlight
electricity
Sub-atomic particles
All in the atom
Electron
Neutron
Proton
Positively charged,
Determines atomic no.
Number is constant
Negatively charged,Almost no mass!!Can be removed or added,In constant motion in orbits
Charged
In the nucleus, similar mass, the sum of these is the mass no.
Not charged,
No. can vary (isoptope)
Comparing organs of excretion
excess water
kidney
skin
lungs
carbon dioxide
salts
urea
active transport
water as vapour
water as liquid
diffusion
[other functions:protective, sensory, heat regulation]
[other function:breathing]
[other functions:osmoregulation]
2 1
Separation techniques
evaporation
chromatography distillation
sex-linked diseaseWhat happens
What happens
What happens
What happens
Equipment
Equipment Equipment
Equipment
Le Chatelier’s Principle
pressure
catalyst ?
temp decrease
removal
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH⇌ 3 ΔH = −92kJ mol-1
increase
decrease
addn addn
removal
increase
Trends in the Periodic Table
energy values
reactivityionisation
energy
atomic radius
PeriodsDecreasing atomicradius• no screening effect• no new shell, larger nucleusIncreases along periods
Groupsincrease going up
Group 1, only need 1 e- • atomic radius
decreases, nucleus has stronger hold
Groups• increase going down groups• adding new
shell• screening effect
Periodsdecrease along periods• no new shell• larger nucleus, stronger
holdGroupsDecreases down groups• adding new shell i.e.further away
• increases screeningeffect
Periodsdecreasesalong periods• no new shell• larger nucleus,
stronger hold
Groups• increase down Group
1• 1 e- on outer shell,
getting further from nucleus
Groupsincrease going down• adding new shell• increased screening
effect
mass no. &relative atomic no.
elements,atoms,
symbolsperiodic table
atomicstructure
groups &periods
metals v. non-metals
Junior Cycle Science
uses
experiments
properties
Light
what is it?
lawsJunior Cycle Science:
binary fission
generalised structure of prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
harmful effects
beneficial effects
endospore formation
Cockcroft & Walton’s
exp.
particles
particle physics
annihilation
pair production
4 fundamental forces
Initialvelocity
displacement
mechanics
force
acceleraiton Final velocity
What happens in plant reproduction?
Q 1 What happens in pollination? Q 2 What happens in fertilization?
Answer Answer
Q 3 What happens in seed dispersal? Q 4 What happens in germination?
Answer Answer
Functions of the skeleton
Q 1 How does the skeleton function as a support to the body?
Q 2 How does the skeleton act as a protection for the body?
Answer Answer
Q 3 How does the skeleton act in movement in the body?
Q 4 How does the skeleton act in making blood in the body?
Answer Answer